浙江省宁波市九校2018-2019学年高一英语下学期联考试题（含解析）.doc

浙江省宁波市九校2018-2019学年高一英语下学期联考试题（含解析）本试卷分第1卷（选择题）和第卷（非选择题）。满分150分, 考试用时120分钟。请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。第I卷选择题部分第一部分：听力（共两节, 满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What does the womans mother look like?A. She wears glasses. B. She has dark eyes. C. She has white hair.2. How old is the woman now?A. 20 years old. B. 45 years old. C. 65 years old.3. How often does the man see his grandfather?A. Every day. B. Once a week. C. Once a month.4. What does the man mean?A. The film is terrible.B. The film can be seen online.C. The film is worth the money.5. What does the man decide to do?A. Look for a parking space.B. Drive to the department store again.C. Go to the department store in a few days.第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分）听下面5段材料。每段材料后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟；听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A. Mother and son.B. Husband and wife.C. Fellow workers.7. What is the man unwilling to do？A Clean the floor.B. Prepare the dimmer sets.C. A range the tables.听第7段材料, 回答第8、9题。8. Why is the mans blue shirt no longer suitable for him？A. Hes put on much weight.B. He thinks its old.C. Hes grown taller.9. What does the woman think of the man？A. Lucky. B. Busy. C. Lazy.听第8段材料, 回答第10至12题。10. What does the woman do probably？A. A policewoman. B. A tour guide C. A teacher.11. Who was swimming around？A Nick. B. Melissa. C. Laura.12. What does the woman think of Ken？A. Helpful. B. Dishonest C. Interesting.听第9段材料, 回答第13至16题。13. Why did Fiona decide to write a book about Beatrice Cadbury?A. Beatrice had a surprising life.B. She was interested in the Cadbury family.C. The school Beatrice had started was famous.14. What was Beatrices life like in her childhood?A. Difficult. B. Unlucky. C. Comfortable.15. What did Beatrice ask her brother to do?A. Come to her house.B. Stop giving her money.C. Allow her to meet the factory workers.16. Why did Beatrice and her family live in a tent?A. She wanted to live like poor people.B. There were too many people in her house.C. Her children liked to live in a different place.听第10段材料, 回答第17至20题。17. How did the servants deal with their earnings in Victorian times？A. They paid for the housing.B. They bought food and clothes.C. They sent them to their families.18. What was a nurses main duty？A. Coking meals. B. Caring for children. C. Educating children.19. How did the Victorian upper class parents treat their children actually？A. Cuell. B. Kindly. C. Srictly.20. What will the speaker talk about next？A. Lower class families.B. Upper class childrens situation.C. Comparisons between upper and lower classes.第二部分阅读理解（共两节, 满分35分）第一节（共10小题；每小题25分, 满分25分）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项、并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AThe trouble started at 9：30 p. m. last New Years Eve, in Newmark. When the fire engines（消防车）arrived at the fire, a very old woman was sitting in a third floor window. The firefighters placed a ladder（梯子）against the wooden house, and 26-year-old Marcus Reddick climbed 35 feet to the third floor.The woman, 60 years old and very fat, was sitting with both feet out of the window. When Marcus reached the top of the ladder, the woman, afraid and nervous, put her two legs around him. Suddenly Marcus fell backwards off the ladder, with the large woman sitting on him. Marcus landed firsthitting a wall beside the front stairs-and broke the womans fall. She fell no more, but he fell another ten feet down the stairs. When the fire officer reached him, Marcus was unconscious.Within an hour, a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead, and would only get worse. Doctors talked of turning off the life-saving machine and asked if the family would like to give away his heart. The answer was “yes”.On January 6, firefighters lifted Marcus coffin（棺材）covered with an American flag-onto a yellow fire engine. Hundreds of firefighters from all over the state joined the procession（行列）through Newmark streets. Children watched silently from school windows. The day Marcus died, his heart was given away to a young girl. His family said that it was the second life Marcus had saved.1. After reaching the top of the ladder, Marcus _.A. was very terrified and anxiousB. was knocked off and got hurtC. found it difficult to get downD. couldnt see anything clearly2. The underlined word “unconscious” in Paragraph 2 means“_”.A. homelessB. breathlessC. helplessD. senseless3. We can infer from the end of the text that Marcus family might feel _.A. sorrowful but proudB. depressed but excitedC. angry and doubtfulD. worried and surprised【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了消防员马库斯在救人时不幸受伤脑死亡，受到了全国人民的缅怀和纪念的故事。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中Suddenly Marcus fell backwards off the ladder, with the large woman sitting on him. Marcus landed firsthitting a wall beside the front stairs-and broke the womans fall.（突然马库斯从梯子上向后摔了下来，那个大个子女人坐在他身上。马库斯先着地，撞上了前面楼梯旁的一堵墙，摔断了这名女子的腿。）以及最后一句When the fire officer reached him, Marcus was unconscious.（当消防队员赶到他身边时，马库斯已经失去了知觉。）可知到达梯子的顶端后，马库斯被撞倒受伤了。故选B。【2题详解】词义猜测题。根据下文Within an hour, a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead, and would only get worse.可知不到一个小时，一名医生告诉他们，马库斯几乎已经脑死亡，情况只会变得更糟。可知当消防队员赶到他身边时，马库斯受了伤已经失去了知觉。到医院后马库斯几乎已经脑死亡了。故可推测划线单词意思为“无意识的”，故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段On January 6, firefighters lifted Marcus coffin-covered with an American flag-onto a yellow fire engine. Hundreds of firefighters from all over the state joined the procession through Newmark streets. Children watched silently from school windows. The day Marcus died, his heart was given away to a young girl. His family said that it was the second life Marcus had saved.（1月6日，消防队员将马库斯的棺材抬上黄色的消防车，棺材上覆盖着美国国旗。来自全国各地的数百名消防员加入了纽马克街道的游行队伍。孩子们从学校的窗户静静地看着。马库斯死的那天，他的心被献给了一个年轻的女孩。他的家人说，这是马库斯救的第二次生命。）可知马库斯受到了大家的纪念和缅怀，因此家人感到悲伤却很骄傲。故选A。【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或thats to say，such as等。 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。如第二小题，根据下文Within an hour, a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead, and would only get worse.可知不到一个小时，一名医生告诉他们，马库斯几乎已经脑死亡，情况只会变得更糟。可知当消防队员赶到他身边时，马库斯受了伤已经失去了知觉。到医院后马库斯几乎已经脑死亡了。故可推测划线单词意思为“无意识的”，故选D。BNowadays, people all over the world have various ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over-the-counter（非处方的）medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies（治疗） like herbal tea or chicken soup. However, here is the tough truth about the common cold:nothing really cures it.Then why do people sometimes still believe that their remedies work？According to James Taylor, a professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so its easy to believe its medicine rather than time that deserves to be praised, USA Today reported.To many of us, it still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something as common as a cold. Recently, scientists came closer to figuring out why. To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral（抗病毒的）drugs work. They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw（拼图）, which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3-D model to study its surface before they can develop an antiviral drug that is effective enough.The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus（鼻病毒）A and B. But they didnt find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C, until 2006. All three of them lead to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B dont work well when used against C.“This accounts for most of the previous failures of drug trials against Thinovirus,”study leader Professor Ann Palmenberg at University of Wisconsin-Madison, US, told Science Daily.Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly-detailed 3-D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected, different from that of other cold viruses.With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way. Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that dont really work.4. What does the author think of popular remedies for curing a common cold?A. They are really quite effective.B. They are slightly helpful.C. They still need to be improved.D. They actually dont work.5. How do antiviral drugs work?A. By identifying the viruses and breaking them up directly.B. By reshaping the top layers of the target cold viruses.C. By attacking the viruses one after another like finishing a jigsaw.D. By absorbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time.6. What can we infer from the passage?A. The surface of cold viruses looks quite similar.B. Scientists have already found a cure for the common cold.C. Knowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective cure.D. Scientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently.7. What is the best title for this passage?A. Drugs against cold virusesB. Helpful home remediesC. No current cure for common coldD. Research on cold viruses【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。如今，世界各地的人们都有不同的方法来对付感冒。一些人服用阿司匹林等非处方药，而另一些人则尝试草药茶或鸡汤等流行的家庭疗法。然而，关于普通感冒有一个残酷的事实:没有什么能真正治愈它。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句However, here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it.（然而，关于普通感冒有一个残酷的事实:没有什么能真正治愈它。）可知作者认为治疗普通感冒的流行疗法实际上不起作用。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus.（它们通过附着和改变病毒的表面结构来攻击病毒。）可知抗病毒药物通过重塑目标感冒病毒的顶层发挥作用。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw, which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3-D model to study its surface before they can develop an antiviral drug that is effective enough.（要做到这一点，这种药物必须像拼图游戏的正确部分一样与病毒相匹配并锁定病毒，这意味着科学家必须先识别出病毒并建立一个三维模型来研究其表面，然后才能开发出足够有效的抗病毒药物。）以及倒数第二段Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly-detailed 3-D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected, different from that of other cold viruses.（如今，在鼻病毒C被发现10多年后，科学家们终于建立了一个高度详细的病毒三维模型，表明病毒的表面与预期的不同，不同于其他感冒病毒。）可推知了解感冒病毒的结构是开发有效治疗方法的关键。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段Nowadays, people all over the world have various ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over-the-counter（非处方的）medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies（治疗） like herbal tea or chicken soup. However, here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it.（如今，世界各地的人们都有不同的方法来对付感冒。一些人服用阿司匹林等非处方药，而另一些人则尝试草药茶或鸡汤等流行的家庭疗法。然而，关于普通感冒有一个残酷的事实:没有什么能真正治愈它。）以及文章主要内容可知主要围绕着“目前还没有治疗普通感冒的方法”展开。故选C。CWhen it comes to modern communication, security is a big concern. It seems like were forever hearing about hackers leaking emails, passwords and other important personal information.But thanks to a breakthrough by Chinese scientists, who won the 2018 Newcomb Cleveland Prize in February, we may soon never have to worry about our data again. With the cutting-edge technology, a revolutionary satellite called Micius makes the information sent and received safer than ever.So what exactly makes the information sent to and from Micius so secure？Micius is the first satellite of its kind to use quantum key distribution（量子密匙分发）, which uses particles（粒子）that transmit（传输）light to deliver information from one point to another. Currently, it can communicate with two base stations, both of which are located high up in the mountains in two different areas of Tibet, around 1, 200kilometers apart. Data is sent between the satellite and one of the base stations in the form of a ray of light.This makes it almost impossible for data sent and received using quantum satellite technology to be stolen, as the connection will be broken if someone tries to hack it. “Any eavesdropper（偷听者）on the quantum channel attempting to gain information can be found by the communicating users, the scientists wrote in the paper.However, the technology does have a few limitations. For example, the process only works at night, as the information isnt able to pass through sunlight. And theres currently only a 10-minute window each day during which Micius can communicate with each of the base stations, according to Xinhua. This is because the satellite and base station need to be close enough to each other for the information to successfully make it to and from outer space.Despite these small issues, the scientific community across the world has reacted positively to Chinas achievements in this groundbreaking project. This Chinese experiment is a quite remarkable technological achievement, Artur Ekert, a professor of quantum physics at the University of Oxford, told BBC News.And Karl Ziemelis, an editor for Nature, told Xinhua, Its a witness to Chinas investments（投资）and significant efforts in the physical sciences that this group has been able to push research in practical quantum communication technologies to such an astronomical height. ”8. Why it is safe to use quantum key distribution to transfer information？A. The connection will fail if it is hacked.B. It makes the base stations close enough.C. It transfers data too fast for it to be stolen.D. The process often takes place at night.9. According to the text, whats the attitude of the scientific community towards the satellite Micius？A. It remains unclear whether it will be beneficial or not.B. It is really an impressive technological breakthrough.C. It will promote the investment in quantum-related technologies.D. It doesnt deserve a lot of attention given its limitations.10. What is the main idea of the text？A. The latest security problems of modern communication.B. Micius effect on the development of modern technology.C. The wide applications of quantum key distribution in data transition.D. How Micius works to ensure secure communication and its limitations.【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国科学家在今年2月凭借一颗名为“墨子号”的革命性卫星获得了2018年纽科姆克利夫兰奖。文章同时说明了“墨子号”如何确保通信安全及其局限性。以及科学界对中国在这一开创性项目中取得的成就都给予了反应积极。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句This makes it almost impossible for data sent and received using quantum satellite technology to be stolen, as the connection will be broken if someone tries to hack it.（这使得使用量子卫星技术发送和接收的数据几乎不可能被窃取，因为如果有人试图入侵，连接就会断开。）可知使用量子密钥分发传输信息很安全，因为如果有人试图入侵，连接就会断开。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句Despite these small issues, the scientific community across the world has reacted positively to Chinas achievements in this groundbreaking project.（尽管存在这些小问题，但世界科学界对中国在这一开创性项目中取得的成就都给予了反应积极。）可知科学界认为“墨子号”卫星确实是一个令人印象深刻的技术突破。故选B。10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段But thanks to a breakthrough by Chinese scientists, who won the 2018 Newcomb Cleveland Prize in February, we may soon never have to worry about our data again. With the cutting-edge technology, a revolutionary satellite called Micius makes the information sent and received safer than ever.（但由于中国科学家的一项突破，他们在今年2月获得了2018年纽科姆克利夫兰奖，我们可能很快就再也不用担心我们的数据了。凭借尖端技术，一颗名为“墨子号”的革命性卫星使发送和接收的信息比以往任何时候都更安全。）以及文章主要内容可推断，介绍了“墨子号”如何确保通信安全及其局限性。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分, 满分10分）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Chinese products more popular abroadWhen riding a Mobike in a street, you are likely to hear passers-by speaking Chinese aloud. _11_ After entering a store, its possible that youll see Huawei smartphones for sale. It isnt referring to a city in China, but Manchester, UK. _12_Indeed, Chinese products have been going global recently._13_ But to satisfy local peoples tastes, Chinese restaurants have made some necessary changes to the dishes. “One example is the meat, ”said Yin Hang, who is studying at the University of Wollongong in Australia. “We like to eat meat with bones in while people here dont. Therefore, Chinese restaurants serve big pieces of meat without bones, even for fish. ”_14_ In many cities in Europe, stores sell TCL televisions, Haier fridges and Lenovo computers, reported Reuters. More than half of US-owned drones（无人机）are Chinese models, according to China Daily. Theyre not only made in China, but designed and developed in the country.In the past, most people in the West thought Chinese products were cheap and unreliable. But things have changed greatly. _15_ “For example, Huawei, one of Chinas major smartphone makers, overtook Apple in global smartphone sales for the first time in June and July last year, ”noted consulting firm Counterpoint Research.A. Many Chinese brands are also becoming more and more popular.B. Chinese dishes have been enjoyed in Western countries for a long time.C. “Made in China ”has become cool and more people trust Chinese brands.D. Meanwhile, intonational brands are still enjoying great success in China.E. Turning to the right, you may see a Sichuan-style restaurant.F. In fact, you might see similar things in many other cities around the world.G. What is the biggest problem with many Chinese brands?【答案】11. E 12. F 13. B 14. A 15. C【解析】这是