心理学专有名词中英对照表.doc

心理动力-psycho-dynamics 心理分析-psychoanalysis 行为论-behaviorism心理生物观-psycho-biological perspective 认知-cognition临床心理学家-clinical psychologist 谘商-counseling人因工程-human factor engineering 组织-organization潜意识-unconsciousness 完形心理学-Gestalt psychology感觉-sensation 知觉-perception实验法-experimental method 独变项-independent variable依变项-dependent V. 控制变项-control V.生理-physiology 条件化-conditioning学习-learning 比较心理学-comparative psy.发展-development 社会心理学-social psy.人格-personality 心理计量学psychometrics受试(者)-subject 实验者预期效应experimenter expectancy effect 双盲法-doubleblind实地实验-field experiment 相关-correlation调查-survey 访谈-interview个案研究-case study 观察-observation心理测验-psychological test 纹理递变度-texture gradient注意-attention 物体的组群-grouping of object型态辨识pattern recognition 形象-背景-figure-ground接近律-proximity 相似律-similarity闭合律-closure 连续律-continuity对称律-symmetry 错觉-illusion幻觉-delusion 恒常性-constancy大小-size 形状-shape位置- location 单眼线索-monocular cue线性透视-linear- perspective 双眼线索-binocular cue深度-depth 调节作用-accommodation重迭-superposition 双眼融合-binocular fusion辐辏作用-convergence 双眼像差-binocular disparity向度 - dimension 自动效应-autokinetic effect运动视差- motion parallax 诱发运动- induced motion闪光运动- stroboscopic motion 上下文、脉络-context人工智能-artificial intelligence A.I. 脉络关系作用-context effect模板匹配-template matching 整合分析法-analysis-by-synthesis丰富性-redundancy 选择性-selective无意识的推论-unconscious inferences 运动后效-motion aftereffect特征侦测器feature detector 激发性-excitatory抑制性-inhibitory 几何子-geons由上而下处理up-down process 由下而上处理-bottom-up process连结者模式-connectionist model 联结失识症-associative agnosia脸孔辨识困难症-prosopagnosia 意识-conscious（ness）意识改变状态-altered states of consciousness 无意识-unconsciousness前意识-preconsciousness 内省法-introspection边缘注意-peripheral attention多重人格-multiple personality 2 心理学专有名词中英对照表 午餐排队(鸡尾酒会)效应lunch line(cocktail party) effect 自动化历程-automatic process 解离-dissociate解离认同失常-dissociative identity disorder 快速眼动睡眠-REM dream 非快速眼动睡眠NREM dream 神志清醒的梦-lucid dreaming失眠-insomnia 显性与隐性梦-manifest & latern content心理活动性psychoactive 冥想-meditation抗药性- tolerance戒断-withdrawal 感觉剥夺-sensory deprivation物质滥用-substance abuse 成瘾-physical addiction物质依赖-sub. dependence 戒断症状-withdrawal symptom兴奋剂-stimulant 幻觉（迷幻）剂-hallucinogen镇定剂-sedative， 抑制剂-depressant酒精中毒引起谵妄delirium tremens 麻醉剂-narcotic催眠-hypnosis 催眠后暗示-posthypnotic suggestion催眠后失忆 posthypnotic amnesia 超心理学-parapsychology超感知觉extrasensory perception ESP 心电感应-telepathy超感视-clairvoyance预知-precognition 心理动力psycokinesis PK受纳器-receptor绝对阈-absolute threshold 差异阈-difference threshold恰辨差- -JND 韦伯律-Webers law心理物理-psychophysical 费雪纳定律-Fechners law频率-frequency 振幅-amplitude音频-pitch 基音-fundamental tone倍音-overtone 和谐音-harmonic音色-timbre 白色噪音-white noise鼓膜-eardrum 耳蜗-cochlea卵形窗oval window 圆形窗-round window前庭-vestibular sacs 半规管-semicircular canals角膜-cornea 水晶体-lens虹膜-iris 瞳孔-pupil网膜-retina 睫状肌-ciliary muscle调节作用-accommodation 脊髓-spinal cord反射弧-reflex arc 脑干-brain stem计算机轴性线断层扫描- CAT 或CT PET-正子放射断层摄影MRI-磁共振显影 延脑-medulla桥脑-pons小脑-cerebellum 网状结构-reticular formation RAS-网状活化系统 视丘-thalamus下视丘-hypothalamus 大脑-cerebrum脑（下）垂体（腺）pituitary gland 脑半球-cerebral hemisphere皮质-cortex 胼胝体-corpus callosum边缘系统-limbic system 海马体-hippocampus杏仁核-amygdala 中央沟-central fissure侧沟-lateral fissure 脑叶-lobe同卵双生子-identical twins 异卵双生子fraternal twins 古典制约-classical conditioning操作制约-operant conditioning 非制约刺激(US unconditioned stimulus非制约反应(UR)unconditioned R. 制约刺激-(CS) conditioned S.制约反应-(CR)conditioned R. 习(获)得-acquisition增强作用-reinforcement 消除(弱)-extinction自(发性)然恢复-spontaneous recovery 前行制约forward conditioning同时制约-simultaneous conditioning 回溯制约-backward cond.痕迹制约trace conditioning 延宕制约delay conditioning类化(梯度)-generalization (gradient) 区辨-discrimination 次级)增强物-(secondary) reinforcer 嫌恶刺激-aversive stimulus 试误学习-trial and error learning 效果率-law of effect正(负)性增强物positive (negative) rei. 行为塑造behavior shaping循序渐进-successive approximation 自行塑造autoshaping部分(连续)增强partial (continuous)R 定比(时)时制fixed ratio (interval) schedule FR或FI 变化比率(时距)时制variable ratio (interval) schedule VR或VI 逃离反应-escape R.回避反应avoidance response 习得无助-learned helplessness顿悟-insight 学习心向learning set隐内(潜在)学习-latent learning 认知地图-cognitive map生理回馈-biofeedback 敏感递减法-systematic desensitization普里迈克原则Premacks principle 洪水法-flooding观察学习-observational learning 动物行为学-ethology敏感化sensitization 习惯化-habituation联结-association 认知学习-cognitional L.观察学习-observational L. 登录、编码-encoding保留、储存-retention 提取-retrieval回忆-free recall 全现心像、照相式记忆-eidetic imagery、photographic memory . 舌尖现象（TOT）tip of tongue再认-recognition 再学习-relearning节省分数-savings 外显与内隐记忆-explicit & implicit memory记忆广度-memory span 组集-chunk序列位置效应-serial position effect 起始效应-primacy effect新近效应-recency effect 心(情)境依赖学习-state-dependent L.无意义音节nonsense syllable 顺向干扰-proactive interference逆向干扰-retroactive interference 闪光灯记忆-flashbulb memory动机性遗忘-motivated forgetting 器质性失忆症organic amnesia阿兹海默症-Alzheimer”s disease 近事（顺向）失忆症anterograde amnesia旧事（逆向）失忆retrograde A. 高沙可夫症候群korsakoff”s syndrome凝固理论consolidation th. 感觉记忆（SM）sensory memory短期记忆（STM）short-term M. 长期记忆（LTM）long-term memory复诵-rehearsal 预示(激发)-priming童年失忆症-childhood amnesia 视觉编码（表征）-visual code (representation)听觉编码acoustic code 运作记忆-working memory语意性知识semantic knowledge 记忆扫瞄程序memory scanning procedure竭尽式扫瞄程序-exhaustive S.P. 自我终止式扫瞄self-terminated S. .程序性知识procedural knowledge 命题（陈述）性知识-propositional（declarative）knowledge 情节（轶事）性知识episodic K.讯息处理深度depth of processing 精致化处理elaboration登录特殊性coding specificity 记忆术mnemonic位置记忆法method of loci 字钩法peg word（线）探索（测）(激发)字prime 关键词-key word命题思考-propositional thought 心像思考-imaginal thought行动思考-motoric thought概念-concept 原型-prototype属性-property特征-feature 范例策略-exemplar strategy语言相对性（假说）linguistic relativity th. 音素-phoneme词素-morpheme (字词的)外延与内涵意义denotative & connotative meaning （句子的）表层与深层结构surface & deep structure 语意分析法-semantic differential全句语言holophrastic speech 过度延伸-over-extension电报式语言telegraphic speech 关键期-critical period差异减缩法-difference reduction 方法目的分析-means-ends analysis倒推-working backward 动机-motive自由意志-free will 决定论-determinism本能-instinct 种属特有行为-species specific驱力-drive 诱因-incentive驱力减低说-drive reduction th. 恒定状态（作用）homeostasis原级与次级动机primary & secondary M. 功能独立functional autonomy下视丘侧部（LH）lateral hypothalamus 脂肪细胞说-fat-cell theory.下视丘腹中部（VMH）ventromedial H 定点论-set point th. CCK第一性征-primary sex characteristic第二性征-secondary sex characteristic 自我效能期望self-efficiency expectancy内在（发）动机intrinsic motive 外在（衍）动机extrinsic motive成就需求-N. achievement 需求层级hierarchy of needs 自我实现-self actualization 冲突-conflict 多项仪-polygraph肤电反应-GSR （认知)评估-cognitive appraisal 脸部回馈假说-facial feedback hypothesis(生理)激发-arousal 挫折-攻击假说-frustration-aggression hy.替代学习-vicarious learning 发展-development先天-nature后天-nurture 成熟-maturation(视觉)偏好法-preferential method 习