人教版 选修7 Unit 2 Robots Grammar 课件 (16).ppt

不定式被动式讲与练 不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态 不定式有时态和语态的变化 时态共四种 即一般式 完成式 进行式和完成进行式 语态分为主动语态和被动语态 如下表所示 当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态 当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表达的动作的承受者时用被动语态 进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态 一 不定式的被动形式有下列用法 1 作主语 itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere 2 作宾语 sheaskedtobesenttoworkinxinjiang 一当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时 不定式一般要采用被动形式 3 构成复合宾语 hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce shedidn tlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat 4 构成复合谓语 thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom 5 作定语 areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachers office 6 作状语 shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork 二 不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式 在句中作主语 宾语 定语 或者构成复合宾语 复合谓语等 如 itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized 主语 shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo 宾语 hethoughtitanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty 复合宾语 thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages 复合谓语 shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost 定语 三 不定式的主动形式表示被动 1 在therebe结构中 例如 thereisalotofhomeworktodo 也可用tobedone thereisnotimetolose tobelost 三 不定式的主动形式表示被动 2 在 n pron be adj todo 结构中 常用的形容词有easy difficult hard impossible nice pleasant light heavy interesting important expensive cheap fit dangerous等 例如 heishardtoconvince heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith 3 在 too todo enough to 结构中 如 theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout tobeworkedout thehouseisbigenoughtolivein 4 在 with n todo 结构中 例如 withnothingtodo helayinbed withsomanyexercisestodo ican tgotothecinema 5 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时 例如 ihavealettertotypetoday i是totype的逻辑主语 doyouhaveanythingtosay you是tosay的逻辑主语 6 当不定式隐含在forsbtodo结构中时 例如 thisisthebestbooktoread forus youtoread theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse 7 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式 常见的这类动词有let 出租 rent hire blame等 例如 thehouseistolet ifeltlwastoblame notice 动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍 有时 尤其在口语中 虽然意思上是被动的 也往往用主动语态形式来表示 ihavethreemotorstorepairtoday thetaskisdifficulttofinishontime 1 havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple butitremains whethertheywillenjoyit a toseeb tobeseenc seeingd seen exercise b 2 ihurriedtothemeetinghall only thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff a totellb tobetoldc tellingd told b 3 doletyourmotherknowallthetruth sheappears everything a totellb tobetoldc tobetellingd tohavebeentold d 4 littletomshouldlove tothetheaterthisevening a tobetakenb totakec beingtakend taking a 5 itissaidthatplasticscanbeusedto manythings nowpeopleareusedto plasticsproducts a make usingb making usingc making used make use a 6 withalotofproblems thenewly electedpresidentishavingahardtime a settledb settlingc tosettled beingsettled c 7 he andwasmadetorepeatit a didn tunderstandb didn tbeunderstoodc wasn tunderstandd wasn tunderstood d 8 thepupilshere allkindsofexerciseseverydayinthepastfourweeks a keptbusydoingb keepondoingc havekeptbusydoingd havebeenkeptbusydoing d 9 visitors nottotouchtheexhibits a willrequestb requestc arerequestingd arerequested d 10 insomepartsoftheworld tea withmilkandsugar a isservingb isservedc servesd served b thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier itmoredifficult met99 a notmakeb nottomakec notmakingd donotmake 不定式与高考题 2 i veworkedwithchildrenbefore soiknowwhat inmynewjob met2000 a expectedb toexpectc tobeexpectingd expects3 havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouplesbutitremains whethertheywillenjoyit met2001 a toseeb seenc seeingd tobeseen 4 allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas tocarryallthewayhome met2003 a muchtooheavyb toomuchheavyc heavytoomuchd tooheavymuch 5 lateintheafternoon bobturnedoffthealarm 2001年北京春季高考 a tosleepb sleepingc sleepd havingsleep6 withalotofdifficultproblems thenewly electedpresidentishavingahardtime 2002年上海春季高考 a settledb settlingc tosettled beingsettled 7 shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive 2003上海春季高考 a tohaveplayedb to