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KnowledgeSharingandCrowdsourcing XiaoluYu11 12 2008 Web2 0 Onlinereviews Socialnetworking Socialmediasites Tagging folksonomiessystems Onlineencyclopendia Onlineblogs Onlinequestion answerforums CrowdSourcingforums Thisisthenextgenerationofsearch It skindofacollectivebrainofsearchabledatabaseofeverythingeveryoneknows Itisacultureofgenerosity Thefundamentalbeliefiseveryoneknowssomething YahooResearch KnowledgeSharing OnlineencloypendiaOnlinequestion answerforumCrowdSourcing Question AnswerForum CharacteristicsGeneralpurposeOpentopublicLargequestion answerrepositoryExamplesYahooAnswersGoogleAnswersBaiduKnows Yahoo Answers Morethan21millionuniqueusersintheU S and90millionworldwideLargestknowledge sharingcommunityontheWebAnyonecanaskandanswerquestionsonanytopicConnectingpeopletotheinformationthey reseekingwiththosewhoknowitProvidingawayforpeopletosharetheirexperienceandinsight ScoringSystem Levels Alllimitationsareperday Everycategoryratesthetoptenbestanswerersbasedonthenumberoftheirbestanswers chosenbyaskersorvoters Peoplecaneithersearchforquestions answerstheyareinterestedin oractuallyaskaquestion CategoryClustering Howhasoneplaceyou vetraveledtochangedyourlife Travelhashadahugeimpactonmebefore openingmyeyesandchangingmyperspective SomeplacesI vebeenhaveaffectedmemorethanothers Wherehaveyoubeenthathaschangedyouandhow BestAnswer ChosenbyAskerIdon tthinkofsimplyoneplacechangingmyperspectiveasIhavetraveledtheworld WhatIbelievetraveldoesistoaffordamostexcellenteducationandto nopun broadenhorizons Tohavetheopportunitytoseeandembraceotherpeoples lifestylesandculturesiswonderful Whereverwehavebeen wehavefoundwonderfulpeople manyofwhomhavebecomedearfriends Thesenewfoundfriendsmaketravelmeaningful Placesmaybeinteresting butitisthepeoplethatmaketravelworthwhile AtypicalbadanswerYes Itmademerealizethatfemalesareequallystuck upalloverthecountry Stillearning2points Noiseintroduced Discussionforum Whatdoyoudowitha15montholdgirlwhoholdsherbreathtillshegetswhatshewants BestAnswer ChosenbyAskerYou vegottenalotofbadanswers Iagreethatyoushould usually notgiveintoyourchild Whatmydoctortoldmetodowhenmydaughterusedtoholdherbreath shepassedoutmorethan10times includinginastoreonce wastolayherdownsothatshewouldbesafeandthenleavetheroom ItisoneofthehardestthingsIhaveeverdone butitdoeswork Themostdifficultthingtounderstandisthatnothingbadwillactuallyhappentoyourchildifshe slyingdownatthetime ifsheisn t shecouldfallandgethurt Istillfindithardtoseeachildholdinghisorherbreath despiteknowingthis Seekingandprovidingadviceandcommonsenseexpertise IsEarth ssolareclipseuniqueinthesolarsystem CanscientificobservationandtheoryproveifarethereanyotherplanetsinthesolarsystemwhichhavemoonsthatwouldallowustoobservetheexactsameeffectasourperfectsolareclipsehereonEarth Ifnot whynot BestAnswer ChosenbyVoters 82 9Votes NotpossibleonMercuryorVenusastheydon thaveanymoons PhobosandDiemos thetwoMartianmoons arequitetiny lessthan50kilometresindiameter anditseemsunlikelythatsolareclipsescouldoccuronMars Jupiterhas63moons Saturn56 Uranus27 Neptune13andPluto3atthelatestcensus 165moonsaround7planetsinall Plusthereareatleast80moonsaroundasteroidsandminorplanets Theasteroid87Sylviahastwomoons TableofMoonsbydiameterinkilometres FactualAnswers Howtoidentifyexperts Howtodecideifananswerisworthwhile Whatdoesthequalityofquestionsmeantothequalityofanswersandbehaviorsofusers WhyGoogleAnswers offeringrealmoneyincentive didnotsurvive Howwouldusersbehaviorschangeifrealmoneyawardsareintroducedintothesystem NetworkStructureAnalysis BestAnswerSelectionandPrediction Whatarethecriteriaforbestanswerselection Factual answercategories objectiveOthercategories subjectiveWhataretheproblemswithselectingjustonebestanswer OnebestanswerperquestionAnswer to questionratioNoiseWhatmetricsaremostpredictiveofbestanswers ReplylengthNumberofcompetinganswersTrackrecordoftheuser mostsignificantfortechnicallyfocusedcategories DiscussionHowtoidentifyexperts Howtodecideifananswerisworthwhile Whatdoesthequalityofquestionsmeantothequalityofanswersandbehaviorsofusers Isdepthsacrificedforbreadth Howtodiscerngoodanswersthatwerenotratedasthebestanswers WhyGoogleAnswers offeringrealmoneyincentive didnotsurvive Harperetal 2008 foundthatthesystemthatofferedmoney GoogleAnswers yieldedbetteranswers Howwouldusersbehaviorschangeifrealmoneyawardsareintroducedintothesystem Crowdsourcing Crowdsourcingisaneologismfortheactoftakingatasktraditionallyperformedbyanemployeeorcontractor andoutsourcingittoanundefined generallylargegroupofpeople intheformofanopencall ThetermhasbecomepopularwithbusinessauthorsandjournalistsasshorthandforthetrendofleveragingthemasscollaborationenabledbyWeb2 0technologiestoachievebusinessgoals CrowdSourcingExamplesanddifferences TaskcneLanceTopCoderGoogleAnswers CrowdSourcingExamplesanddifferences eLanceandTopCoder Tasksareattemptedaftertherequesterchoosesaproviderorateamofprovidersbasedonhis theircredentialsandproposals GoogleAnswers participationsarelimitedtoexpertanswerersrecruited answererswouldhaveexclusivelocksonthetasksforaperiodoftime Taskcn userssubmittheirworkdirectly newTaskcnoffersmultipleapproachesbasedonthedifficultyandcomplexityoftasks T 1 7millionregisteredusersInlessthan2years requestedsolutionsfornearly3100tasksand543 000solutionsproposedAuseroffersamonetaryawardforaquestionortaskandotherusersprovidesolutionstocompetefortheaward Thewebsiteplaystheroleofthethirdpartybycollectingthemoneyfromtherequesteranddistributingtheawardtothewinner s whois are decidedbytherequester Thewebsitetakesasmallportionoftheawardasaservicefee Sociallystable acoregroupofuserswhorepeatedlyproposeandwinIncentivizedmechanism Potentialmonetaryawardencouragespeople sparticipation UsersareLearningoverTime SubmitlaterChooselesspopulartasksChooseTaskswithhigherwinningoddsRaiseawardexpectationHowever averageusersfailtoimprove SubmitLater Winnersconsistentlysubmitlaterthannon winnersovertime implyinggreatereffort CombinationofMultipleStrategiesbySeriousUsers HigherwinningprobabilityLesspopulartasksHigherexpectedawardTasksrequiringgreaterskillAvoidtasksofhigherworkloadWorkloadisnegativelycorrelatedwithaward RichGettingRicher Onaverage usersdonotincrease decrease theirchancesofwinningalthoughtheyimplementstrategies Incontrast averysmallcoreofsuccessfulusersmanagetowinmultipletasksaswellastoincreasetheirwin to submissionratioovertime Reputationenhancementorlearningprocess Incentive taskcomplexity userstrategy Whyincentivewouldchangeusersparticipationandstrategy Itencouragesuserstocontributeexpertisebeyondsimplequestionanswering asmightoccuronno feesitessuchasYahoo Answers Thetasksubmittedmustbenecessarilyofrelativelylowcomplexityandeffortsincegivennoguaranteeofawards NewTaskcnfeature Inthecasethattaskisattemptedaftertherequestermakeshischoice thetasksarerelativelymorecomplex WinningStrategy Targetgroup agroupofwinnerswhogetmoreefficientatwinningovertime Observation quickeninginthesuccessionofwins WinningStrategy Successfulinselectingta
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