仁爱版英语八年级下册知识点汇总.doc

Unit7 Topic 11重点词汇及短语：successful，imagine，soup，biscuit，pancake，cheese，pie，western，Indian，Russian，supply，know about，make money，make a poster，chat with，on the Internet，try ones best，prepare for，think about，have a sweet tooth，later on，in order to，get all wet，be pleased with，make an invitation 2语法： (1)学习宾语从句(that的用法)。 (2)掌握征求对方意见或提建议的句型。 3重点句型及交际用语： (1)I will turn to our teachers for help (2)Ill chat with Daniel on the Internet to get more information about him (3)Lets try our best to make it successful (4)Can you imagine what the food festival will be like? (5)Im thinking about that (6) I have a sweet tooth and I thank a lot of students would buy western food, such as （7）What s more , Im sure that selling friend rice and dumplings will make a lot of money.(8) That s good enough .(9) I believe we ll make a lot of money for Daniel Igali (10) Thank you very much . It s a pleasure. (11) May I invite you to our food festival?(12)Its a great pity，but never mind(13)Will you please tell me something about yourself，?(14)Ill send you an e-mail later on(15)We hope they will be successful(16)Extension six zero zero six，please(17)Hold the line，please(18)Im pleased to hear that you are trying to help others(19)Keep up the good work(20)Our students will sell many delicious international foods in order to raise money for a village school in Nigeria(21)Im very pleased with what you are going to do for us二、重点短语：1、know about 了解、知道、的情况； know much/ a lot about sb / sth;know of 听说过；知道 2、have a food festival = hold a food festival 举办美食节。3、make money 赚钱4、shall I / we 我、，好吗？ May I 。 我可以、吗 ？ Will you 。 请你、好吗？ 注意：will you not、 而不是 will you dont 、 Would like to do sth 想要做某事5、turn to sb for help = ask sb for help 向某人求助 Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 6、chat with sb 和某人聊天 chat about sb/ sth 闲谈某人或某事 7、on the Internet 上网 on the line 上线 on the radio 在使用收音机 8、get sth about sb 获得关于某人的信息 9、try ones best = do one s best 尽最大努力 We must try our best to study English well. 我们必须尽最大努力学好英语。 10、successful 成功的 successfully 成功地 succeed 成功 success 成功 11、It is + 形容词 for sb to do sth 做某事是很、12、have a sweet tooth =like eating sweet food 喜欢吃甜食13、west 西方 western 西方的；西部的； north 北方 northern 北方的south 南方 southern 南方的east 东方 eastern 东方的Fujiang is in the southeast of China . 福建在中国的东南部。14、whats more 而且15、serve sth 提供某食物 serve sb 为某人服务 不用 serve for sb16、enough + 名词 形容词enough enough money 足够多的钱 big enough 足够大17、invite sb to somewhere 邀请某人去某处 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事18、never mind = it doesnt matter 没关系19、what a pity 太遗憾了 feel pity for sb = have pity on sb 同情某人 I pity you 。我可怜你。20、later on 在过些时候 He will call me up later on 。过些时候他会给我打电话。 later on 后来 （用于过去时中） 一段时间 later 、之后 two days later 两天之后 sooner or later 迟早 see you later 一会儿 half an hour later 半个小时后21、in 一段时间 （用在将来时句子中22、 we hope they could make it successful. 我们希望他们能够成功。 （句子中的could 不能换成can）23、打电话中的常用句子 1）may I speak to Tom ? 叫tom 接电话，好吗？ 2）Id like speak to Tom . 我想让tom接电话。 3）Ill call back later. 我再过些时候再回电话。 4）This is Tom speaking. 我是tom。 5）I cant hear you . 我没听清楚。 6）Hold the line ./ Hold on , please. 请稍等。 7）The line is bad/busy. 线路坏了。 8）I couldnt get through. 我打不通。24、try to do sth. 试图做某事。 try doing sth 试着干某事25、be pleased to do sth 高兴做某事 be pleased with sth 对、满意26、keep up 使某物保持 Keep up the good work。继续好好干。 keep doing sth 一直做某事 （表示动作的持续） keep on doing sth （表示动作的反复） keep sb / sth doing sth 让某人/持续做某事 让某事持续进行 keep out 不让人入内 keep up with 跟上27、in order (not) to do sth in order that + 句子 so that + 句子28、supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb 给某人提供某物29、一些 little / a little +不可数名词 few / a few +可数名词 little、few 用于否定句 a little、a few 用于肯定句30、喜爱 enjoy （具有满足感）、be fond of (对、感兴趣) go in for (习惯于)31、What he needs is a good meal. 他所需要的是一顿美餐。32、win 赢得 beat 打败Topic 2 1重点词汇和短语：cut，oil，add，pork，ham，deep，cooker，immediately，advantage，butter，pear，patient，heat，spoon，somebody，course，southern，beproud of，well done，cut up，be tired of，pourover，help oneself to，table ， manners，at the table，on sbs lap，start with，in ones right hand，around the world，pick up：,at the same time 2语法： (1)宾语从句（whether与if的用法）。(2)不定式作主语。3.重点句型：(1)Im glad that you are trying to help others. (2)Its very kind of you.(3)Well done! (4)Cooking is fun! (5)Could you tell me how to make it? (6)Would you mind if I learn to make it from you? (7)Theres no need (8)When you sit down at the table，take your napkin and put it on your lap(9)The dinner always starts with a small dish(10)Maybe you dont know whether its polite or not to speak loudly at the table (11)Remember not to drink too much(12)If you cant remember these rules，just do as other people do(13)People around the world have different eating habits(14)Do you know if people in the south of China eat noodles?二、重点短语和语法1、help others 帮助别人 2、be proud of = take pride in 因、而自豪3、kind adj。善良的 be kind to sb 对某人友好 n. 意为“种类”。 A kind of 一种 many kinds of 许多种 all kinds of 各种各样的 Different kinds of 不同种类的 of a kind 同一种类的4、Topic 3 1重点词汇和短语：sale，satisfy，menu，wine，bill，salad，coke，lemonade，wortheffort。realize，on sale，kindhearted，take order，soft drink，main course，be healthy，healthy eating，balanced diet 2语法： (1)副词的比较级和最高级。 (2)继续学习宾语从句。 3重点句型及交际用语： (1)I hope everyone has a wonderful time! (2)Many different delicious foods are on sale，such as fried rice，meat pie，and Indian curries (3)Well try to satisfy all the guests (4)The students are so kindhearted (5)Enjoy yourselves! (6)Here is a table for two (7)May I take your order? (8)May I have the bill? (9)Heres your change ( 10)Could I order the meal by phone? (11)Ill email you one (12)well send the food to you in twenty minutes (13)And I think you will be happier than all the students (14)I dont think I can eat it very neatly! (15)Michael cuts more finely than sheher。 (16)Also，We should never eat too much or too little(17)Second，its very important for us to keep a balanced diet。 (18)Its said that half of all students dont have a regular breakfast or dont eat anything at all in the morning 。 (19)Finally，we must realize that we should eat not only our favorite food but also healthy food (20)Not all students have a regular breakfast (21)The more regularly we eat，the healthier we areUnit 7 topic31. have a wonderful / good/ nice / time = enjoy oneself 意为“过得愉快，玩得开心”。Have a good journey 旅途愉快Have an accident 出事故Have a drink of orange 喝杯橘子汁Have a fight with 和（某人）打架（战斗）Have a fire 生火Have nothing to do with 和无关Have a look at 看一看Have no idea 不知道Have a word with sb. 和某人说句话2. hope 和 wish 的连系与区别hope 一般侧重于表达有可能实现的愿望，故常译为“希望”。Wish 一般侧重于表达不大可能实现或根本不考虑是否可能实现的愿望，故常译为“但愿”。相同点：1） 表示“想”、“希望”时，均接不定式做宾语。如：I hope （wish）to come tomorrow。我希望（但愿）明天能来。 2）均可与 for 连用。如： Lets hope for the best。让我们尽量往好处想。 He wishes for a dictionary。他想得到一本词典。 不同点：1) hope 和 wish均可接宾语从句。Wish常用虚拟语气，表示一种无法实现的或不真实的愿望；而hope 用陈述语气，表示很有把握实现或得到。如：I wish I were bird 。但愿我是一只鸟。I hope she wont come together 。我不希望她今晚来。 2）wish 后通常接“宾语+不定式（宾补）”，而hope 不行，如： My parents wish （不用hope）me to grew up quickly 。我父母希望我快快长大。3） wish 可接双宾语，表示“祝愿”，而hope 不能。如：I wish （不用hope）you well and happy。我祝你健康幸福。 4）作简略回答时，hope 后可用替代词so 或not ，而wish 不能。如： will it be fine tomorrow？明天会是晴天吗？I hope so。我希望是（晴天）。 can we be late for class ？我们上课会迟到吗？I hope not 。我想不会。3. （1）on sale 意为“出售，上市” The new model will be on sale next month 。新款下月上市。 （2）such as 表示例举；for example 表示举例说明，常用逗号隔开。如： I like drinks such as tea and soda。我喜欢诸如茶和汽水之类的饮料。For example ，john has the same opinion 。比如约翰就有相同的看法。4. （1）satisfy 是及物动词，表示“使.满意”。如： The answer wont satisfy her。 那个答案不会使她满意的。（2）be satisfied with 对感到满意。如： She is satisfied with her sons progress 。 她对儿子的进步感到满意。5. （1）a table for tow 意为“一张两人桌”。 （2）这句是倒装句，其结构为“副词here /there / now / then等+come / go / be等动词的一般现在时+名词”。6. order的用法 1) 作不可数名词时，常与in 连用，意为“整齐；顺序；有条理”。In the right （wrong）order 整齐有序（零乱无章）In good （bad）order 整齐（不整齐）2） 作可数名词时，常与for 连用，意为“定购；订货；定货单”。He placed an order for ten boxes of apples。 他定购了10箱苹果。3） 作动词时，意为“定购；点（菜等）”。Could I order the meal by phone？我可以通过电话订餐吗？4） 词组或短语： Keep order 维持秩序 in order 整齐，有条理 in order to 为了，以便 Out of order 不整齐，无秩序7. smell 动词，意为“闻起来”，用作系动词，后面跟形容词。类似的单词有：look （用眼睛）看上去.；feel （用心或手脚）感到.，觉得；taste （用嘴巴）尝起来；sound （用耳朵）听起来。还有get ，turn， become 等。这类词大部分兼有动词与系动词的作用。如：You look very nice 。 你看上去很漂亮。8. have the bill 意为“付账”。类似的词组有: get/ play the bill9. change 不可数名词，意为“（找回的）零钱，找头”。 He gave me two dollars change。他找给我2美元。Change 的用法： 1）作可数名词时，意为“改变；变化；更换；调换”。 Im going to make some changes in this room 。我打算在这个房间里做些变动。 2）作动词时，意为“改变；改造；交换；调换”。 She has changed the mind。她已经改变主意了。10.常见的合成词：short-sighted 近视的，眼光短浅的；short-handed 人手短缺的； Light-hearted 心情轻松的；narrow-minded 心胸狭窄的；cold-blooded 冷血的；Deep-seated 牢固的；good-tempered 脾气好的；old-fashioned 老式的。11.hold the festival 举行美食节；hold a meeting 举行会议；hold on 继续；抓住不放；（打电话）不挂断；hold ones breath屏息，不出声；hold ones head high 趾高气扬；hold out 伸出；提供；hold with 赞同；赞成；12. send to 把送到；send for 派人去请； send sb. In 派某人去（应付困难局面）； Send up 发射；发出；把送上去。 2）in + 一段时间，意为多久之后，用于将来时。 词组：in a minute 一会儿，立刻 ；in a short while 不久；in a hurry 匆匆忙忙；in danger 在危急中；in front 在前面；in front of 在.的前面；in full 全部的；in line 排成一行；In public 当众；公开地；in surprise 惊奇地；in time 及时；in the end 最后；in the open air 在户外；in trouble 处在困难中13. the results were worth the effort 付出总有回报；14.go well 进展顺利；go ahead 开始，继续；go back 返回，追溯到；go by 经过（时间，地点）；go down 下降，降低；go on 发生，继续；go out 出去，离家；go over 查看，仔细检查；go through 经受，经历；15.1）be worth sth. 值钱，相当于.的价值； 2） be worth doing sth. 值得做某事；16.副词的比较级 1.规则变化：1).单音节词和少数双音节词. 一般情况在词尾加-er ，-est 如：Hard harder hardest fast faster fastest . 以字母e 结尾的，只加-r ，-st 如：late later latest . 以辅音字母加y 结尾的，先改y 为I ，再加 er ，-est 如：early earlier earliest 2)多音节和部分双音节词，在词前加 more most 如：quickly more quickly most quickly slowly more slowly most slowly 注意：由形容词通过加后缀-ly 派生出来的副词的比较级和最高级加 more most 。2.不规则变化：如：well better best far further furthest 17. （1）副词原级的用法：甲+谓语（行为动词）+as+副词的原级+as +乙 Tom studies as hard as jim 汤姆和吉姆学习一样努力。 （2）副词比较级的用法：甲+谓语（行为动词）+副词的比较级+than +乙Lily wrote more carefully than lucy 莉莉写得比露西更认真A 副词的比较级前也可以用：even， still ，a lot，far ，much ， a little，等副词修饰。 Liping ran much faster than liming 。李平比李明跑的快得多。B 表示“越越.”时用“the +副词比较级，the +形（副）词比较级”The more regularly we eat ，the healthier we are。我们吃的越有规律，我们就越健康。(3) 副词最高级的用法：主语+谓语（行为动词）+副词的最高级+in/of范围。 Kangkang cuts the most finely （of all）.康康切的最精细。 （4）副词最高级转换成比较级时，被比较的对象应用“any other +单数名词”或“the other +复数名词”，排除主语本身。如：mark works hardest in his class。马克在班上学习最刻苦。Mark works harder than any other student in his class。马克在班上学习最刻苦。Mark works harder than the other students in his class。马克比他班上其他学生学习刻苦。18. better late than never 迟到总比不来的好 It is never too late to mend 改过不嫌晚19. too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，反义词组为too little 太少。 He ate too much food 。他吃得太多。 Too many 太多，修饰可数名词。20. it is said that 意为据说或听说.It 代替that 从句，it 在这里是形式主语，无词义。 It is known that 众所周知；it is reported that 据报道；it is believed that 人人都相信；it is though that 人们认为21. not 与all ，everything ，everyone ，everybody ，both 引导词连用时，表示部分否定，而非全否定。 若表示全否定，则可用none ，nothing ，no one ，nobody ，neither 等。 Unit 8 topic 11. 1）so that 如此以至于.，that 引导的是结果状语从句，其结构是so +形容词或副词+that 从句。 2）sothat 可以换成such +（a/an）+形容词+名词。2. would like 作为一个固定结构后接名词，代词，不定式作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾补，表示想要的意思。 1）would like sth. 想要某物；I would like some rice and pork 。我想要一些米饭和猪肉。 2）would like to do sth. 想要做某事。 3）would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事。Would like = want 想要4. be 为助动词，made 是及物动词make 的过去分词，of 后接宾语，be made of 的主语通常为成品。Be made from 后的原材料则看不出，be made in 主语是成品，介词in 后为产地，be made into 主语为原材料，介词into 后接成品。The table is made of wood 。这桌子是由木头制成的。（可以看出原材料）Paper is made from wood 。纸是由木材制成的。（看不出原材料）The comb is made in hong kong 。这把梳子是香港制造的。Iron is made into knives 。铁可以制成小刀。5. afford 常接在can ，could ，be able to 之后，意为担负的起（的费用，损失，后果等）；抽的出（时间）。Afford 还有提供，给予，出产的意思。6. on sale 上市；折价出售，减价出售。 For sale 待售，供出售。7. （1）though 是从属连词，引导让步状语从句，和连词but 不能连用，但翻译时需译为但是。如：though Australia is very larger ，the population is quite small。虽然澳大利亚面积很大，但是人口却很少。 （2）such as 像，诸如，例如（用于举例）。 Opportunities such as this did not come every day 。这样的机会不是天天都有的。8. （1）.like 是名词，意为喜好，爱好，反义词为dislike We all have different like and dislike ，我们各有不同的好恶。 （2）depend on 意为依靠，依赖，随而定，取决于。 The country depend on its tourist trade 。这个国家主要依靠旅游业。 It/that depends （口语）那得看情况。 Depend on sb./sth. 。依靠某人，信赖某人某事 Depend on sb.to do sth./doing sth.。指望某人做某事。 Depend on = depend upon 9. generally 通常，一般的，一般放在句首。 While 用于对比两件事物，意为然而 The same as 与一样 10. catch ones eye 引起某人的注意。 11. it is said that 据说 12. star doing sth. 开始做某事 star to do sth. 开始去做（另外）某事Begin doing sth. 开始做某事 Begin to do sth. 开始去做某事Remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 Remember to do sth. 记得要做某事Forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 Forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事Try doing sth. 试着做某事 Try to do sth. 努力去做某事Stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Stop to do sth. 停下来去做（另外的）某事 13. protect sb. /sth. From sth. 保护使免于 14. （1）keep sb. /sth. +adj. 保持某人或某事怎么样 Please keep the windows open 。请让窗户开着 keep sb. /sth. Doing sth. 让某人持续做某事；让某事持续进行。 Ill try not to keep you waiting 。我会尽量不让你就等。（2）keep （on）doing sth. 继续或重复做某事。 I keep forgetting to mail this letter 。我老是忘记寄出这封信。Keep at 继续做；keep away from 不接近；keep in 抑制，隐瞒；keep from 阻止，克制；Keep company with 与在一起；keep in mind 记住；keep in tough with 与.保持联系Keep up 保持；keep on 继续；keep off 使不接近；keep an eye on 照看，注意；Keep ones promise 信守诺言；keep ones temper 不发火；keep peace with 齐头并进。15.more than +adj. ，不只是；比.更多。 Topic 21. make sth.制作某物。Did you make that dress yourself ？那件衣服是你自己做的吗？Make 与do 的区别：两者都有“做”的意思。Make 表示做出以前并不存在的事物如：paper is made from wood 。纸是由木材做成的。而do 是强调动作。如:What are you doing ?你在做什么？2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。allow doing sth. 允许做某事。3. it is +adj. +that 从句。4. show sth. 展示某物。Show sb. sth.= show sth. to sb. 把指给.看，出示。5. agree with 同意；agree to do sth. 同意去做某事；agree that 同意6. stop from doing sth. 阻止做某事，相当于keep/preventfrom doing sth.7. take off 脱下，脱掉，起飞your socks are very dirty ，please take them off 。你的袜子很脏，请脱下来。The plane will take off in an hour。飞机将在一个小时后起飞。8. it is +adj. +that 从句，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是由that 引导的从句。9. on every occasion 在每一个场合，occasion 为可数名词。10. dress 给穿上衣服。Put on 表示穿（戴）上的动作，wear 后接衣、袜、鞋、帽或手表、眼镜、饰物等；have on不能用进行时；be in 接服装、材料、颜色等；in 还可作定语；dress sb /oneself 给别人/自己穿衣服；dressed sb in 给某人穿上衣服；dress up （sb.）（in）着装，打扮，可分开用。11. but 除之外，常用于all ，no，nobody，nothing ，anywhere ，what ，who，where 之后，意为除外什么也没有。12. but 和except 的区别：两者用法大体相同，可互换使用，但当介词短语放在句首或句尾时，通常用except 。 在anybody ，anything ，anywhere 之后，but 的语气比except 强。13. protect 是及物动词，后可直接跟名词或代词，意为保护，防护。I will protect your child when he is in danger 。当你的孩子遇到危险时，我会保护他。 14. 比较see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事. See sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事了. 如: I saw the boy climbing the wall. 我看见小孩在爬墙.(强调爬墙的情景) I saw the boy climb the wall. 我看见小孩爬墙了.(强调爬墙这件事) 15. write (a litter)to sb. 给某人写信 ; 16. give sb. some advice 给某人一些建议. 17. follow / take sb. s advice 听从/采纳某人的意见. 18.tell sb. about /of sth. 告诉某人关