九年级英语期末语法总复习提纲.doc

九年级英语期末语法总复习提纲一. 现在完成时 1、already / yet 已经 already一般用于肯定，与完成时态和进行时连用，也可以用于疑问句，表惊讶。 I have already finished my work. yet一般用于否定或疑问句。 Has she gone to school yet ? His parents havent been to Paris yet. 2、表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的时间状语：already，so far，never，just，before，recently，I have lost my key.(结果是我的笔丢失了，我现在没有钢笔了)-Have you found your watch yet ? -No , I havent found it yet. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。for+一段时间，since+一段时间 How long.? 这类动词有work 工作, live生活,study学习,teach教书,know认识等 I have lived here for 10 years . 我已经在这里住了10年（可能还会继续住下去） 3、结构： 肯定句：主语+ have / has +V过分 疑问句：Have /Has + 主语+ V过分 否定句：主语+ havent / hasnt + V过分 4、时间状语 yet, already, recently , just, once, never, ever, so far, these days. since +过去的时间点/过去时态 for + 一段时间 in the last(past) + 一段时间 5、延续和非延续动词。 在现在完成时中，有些动词不能与一段时间搭配，所以在与for , since 引导的肯定句搭配时，要用其他动词替代： buy-have borrow-keep die-be dead go/leave/move-be away (from) begin/start-be on fall asleep-be asleep finish/end-be over join-be in/ be a +名词 come-be here open-be open close-be closed Ive left the school for 3 years. ( ) Ive been away from the school for 3 years. ( ) 6、辨析 have / has been to , have /has gone to , have has been in have/ has been to 曾经去过某地，现在已经回来 I have been to Paris 3 times. have/has gone to 去了某地，现在还没回来，可能还在路上。 -where is your father ? - he has gone to Shanghai. have/has been in 已经在某地（呆了多久） My family have been in Chengdu for 20 years 二.过去完成时 1、过去完成时表示过去某个时间以前好或过去某个动作以前，已经发生的动作或状态。（过去的过去） When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at hone. By the time she got to class, the teacher had started teaching. 2、结构：had + V过分 3、时间状语 ：by the time + 表示过去的时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时。 By the time we arrived at the shop, the bus had left. 三. 宾语从句 宾语从句的语态。 宾语从句要用陈述语态 - Do you know _ for Shanghai last night? A. what time he leaves B. what time did he leave C. what time he left. 主句与从句时态一致。 1、如果主句用现在的某个时态，宾语从句视实际情况而定。 I wonder if you can help me. 我想知道你是否能帮我。 2、主过- 从过 He told me that he would take part in English club. 他告诉我他将参加英语俱乐部。 He asked me if I used his bike. 他问我是否我用过他的自行车。 3、 如果是客观事实，宾语从句用一般现在时。 Jim told me that the earth is round. Jim告诉我地球是圆的。 连接词 1、that可省略，that作主语时不能省。 2、what , which , who, whose, whom He asked me whose the book is. 3、when, how, where, why Could you tell me where the restaurant is. Do you know how to get to the bank? 4、 if / whether 是否 以下情况只能用 whether : 与or not 连用 Can you tell me whether we go or not. 作介词后的宾语从句 Im worried about whether we should study each other, 跟不定式to do Have you decided whether to go with us. 四. 定语从句的用法 定语从句中只能使用that的情况 1.当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用“that”。 例：Is there anything that I can do for you?(我能给你做点什么吗？) 2.当先行词为all，any，much，many词时，只能使用“that”。 例：Tom told her mother all that had happened.(汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。) 3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”。 例：This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. (这是我度过的最美好的时光。) 4.当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”。例： He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。 5.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，只能使用“that”。例：This will be the last chance that he can get.(这将会是他得到的唯一机会。)He is the only person that can help you out.(他是唯一能帮你的人。) 6.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that”。 例：They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.(他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。) 7.当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“that”。 例：Which is the book that he bought from the library yesterday?(哪本是你们昨天从图书馆借的书？) 注意：指物时，在介词后只能用which，而不能用that. 定词从句修饰代表地点、时间的先行词时,要看代表先行词的关系词在定语从句中是否作谓语动词的宾语.如作动词的宾语,就要用关系代词that 或which引导定语从句.反之,要用关系副词 where（表地点）或 when（表时间）,在定语从句中作状语. 如:Mary would never forget the evening when she lost the book. Ive been to the city that you visited last week. 五、被动语态注意事项 构成 被动语态表明一个被动性动作，它由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。 一般现在时 am/is/are + pp. 一般过去时 was /were + pp. 一般将来时 will be + pp. am/is/are going to be+ pp. 情态动词 may/ can/ must/ should be + pp. 被动语态否定式为be not + pp.， 情态动词被动语态否定式为情态动词not be + pp. 主动语态变为被动语态时，通常将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语；主动语态的主语变为由介词by引导的宾语；谓语动词变为被动语态“be +过去分词”形式，例如： Everyone likes the interesting film. (主动语态) The interesting film is liked by everyone. (被动语态) They used knives to cut things. (主动语态) Knives are used to cut things. (被动语态) 某些动词可以跟双宾语如give、pass、bring、write；buy、make等，在变为被动语态时如果直接宾语变为被动语态中的主语，则间接宾语通常由介词to、for引出。例如： My sister gave me a nice watch for my birthday. A nice watch was given to me by my sister for my birthday.我过生日时收到了姐姐的一块手表。 They have bought us many books. Many books have been bought for us by them. 很多书都是由他们给我们买的。 感官动词和使役动词make、hear、see、watch等在主动语态中，其宾语补足语要求用不带to的不定式。但在变为被动语态时to 要还原。如：He made us clean the classroom after school. We were made to clean the classroom after school. 我们被迫在放学后打扫教室。 I saw him come into the room. He was seen to come into the room. 人们看见他进了屋子。 在主动语态中如果谓语动词是含有介词或副词的短语动词，变为被动语态时不能丢掉该介词或副词。如： They must take good care of the children. The children must be taken good care of. 孩子们必须小心照看。 英语中某些动词如sell、lock、draw、smell、touch、feel、sounds、write、be worth doing、sth. needs doing等可以用主动表示被动意义。如：This kind of books sells well. 这种书畅销。 The door wont lock. 门锁不上。六、非谓语动词 动词不定式 1、 结构 to + V原 / not to +V原 2、 用法 作主语 To + V作主语用单数 To speak English is not easy for us. 作表语 My job is to clean the room. 作宾语 He likes to play soccer. 作宾语补足语 She asked me not to speak loudly. 作后置定语 Have you got anything to eat ? 作状语 I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 注： 作宾语的不定式如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加介词。 I dont have enough time to study for the test , so I have something to worry about. I need a room to live in 不定式作宾语：want, refuse, wish, need, choose, hope, agree, would like, offer, expect, decide, ask + to do sth I hope to find a good job after graduating from school. 不定式作宾补：tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage + sb (not) to do sth My mother asks me not to play computer games before finishing homework. 不带to 的不定式: why not + do ? Had better (not) do sth. Would better (not) do Could/Would/Will you (not) do.? 另外，有些感官动词和使役动词也不带to Hear, see, watch, notice, feel, let, make, have + sb (not) do .但变为被动时，要加 to The boss made them work the whole day. They were made to work the whole day. （被动） 七.虚拟语气表示与事实情况相反的一种假设，即表示说话者的一种愿望，假设，建议，猜测等，且不能实现，或不可能实现，通常出现在主语从句，宾语从句中。与现在事实相反，从句：If +主语+动词过去式（be用were） 主句：主语+would/might/could+动词原形与过去事实相反，从句：If+主语+had+动词过去分词 主句：主语+would/should+have+动词过去分词与将来事实相反，从句：If+主语+动词过去式（be用were） 主句：主语+would/should/could+动词原形八、动词、短语辨析 1、dress , put on , wear dress sb / oneself (in) 给某人穿衣。 She dressed her baby in a red skirt. dress up 打扮、装扮 The girl dressed herself up ant went to the party. Put on （动作）穿上 Its cold outside , put on your coat. wear = be in 穿着、戴着 Lily wears T-shirt every day. = Lily is in T-shirt every day. 2、arrive , get , reach arrive + at / in +地点 When did you arrive in Chengdu ? get to +地点 How do you get to school ? reach +地点 When she reached the supermarket , her mother is shopping. 3、die , dead , death , dying die（动词）死亡（过去时）died His friend died 3 years ago. dead（die的过去分词，用于完成时，与for, since搭配） His friend has been dead for 3 years. death（名词）死亡 His death is the loss（损失） of China. dying 垂死的 The poor man is dying. 4、 lose, forget, leave lose 丢失、失去 forget 忘记 forget to do sth / forget doing sth leave + 地点 “把某物落在某地） 5、 以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用 must， 否定回答用 neednt -Must I finish the work today ? -No, you neednt. -May I come in? -No, you musnt. 九、状语从句 时间状语从句 when, while , as, before, after, since, until, as soon as. (1) 当主语是一般将来时或祈使句或有情态