材料英文文献翻译.doc

The development of plastic mouldChinas industrial plastic moulds from the start to now, after more than half a century, there has been great development, mold levels have been greatly enhanced. Mould has been at large can produce 48-inch big-screen color TV Molded Case injection mold, 6.5 kg capacity washing machine full of plastic molds, as well as the overall car bumpers and dashboards, and other plastic mould precision plastic molds, the camera is capable of producing plastic mould , multi-cavity mold small modulus gear and molding mold. -Such as Tianjin and Yantai days Electrical Co., Ltd Polaris IK Co. manufactured multi-cavity mold VCD and DVD gear, the gear production of such size precision plastic parts, coaxial, beating requirements have reached a similar foreign the level of product, but also the application of the latest gear design software to correct contraction as a result of the molding profile error to the standard involute requirements. Production can only 0.08 mm thickness of a two-cavity mold and the air Cup difficulty of plastic doors and windows out of high modulus, and so on. Model cavity injection molding manufacturing accuracy of 0.02 to 0.05 mm, surface roughness Ra0.2 m, mold quality, and significantly increase life expectancy, non-hardening steel mould life up to 10 30 million, hardening steel form up to 50 10 million times, shorten the delivery time than before, but still higher than abroad,and the gap between a specific data table.Process, the multi-material plastic molding die, efficient multicolor injection mould, inserts exchange structure and core pulling Stripping the innovative design has also made great progress. Gas-assisted injection molding, the use of more mature technologies, such as Qingdao Hisense Co., Ltd., Tianjin factory communications and broadcasting companies, such as mold manufacturers succeeded in 29 34-inch TV thick-walled shell, as well as some parts on the use of gas-assisted mould technology Some manufacturers also use the C-MOLD gas-assisted software and achieved better results. Prescott, such as Shanghai, such as the new company will provide users with gas-assisted molding equipment and technology. Began promoting hot runner mold, and some plants use rate of more than 20 percent, the general heat-thermal hot runner, or device, a small number of units with the worlds advanced level of rigorous hot runner-needle device, a small number of units with World advanced level of rigorous needle-hot runner mould. However, the use of hot runner overall rate of less than 10%, with overseas compared to 50 80%, the gap larger. In the manufacturing technology, CAD / CAM / CAE technology on the level of application of a new level to the enterprise for the production of household appliances representatives have introduced a considerable number of CAD / CAM systems, such as the United States EDS UG , the United States Parametric Technology Pro / Engineer, the United States CV CADS5 company, the British company DOCT5 Deltacam, HZSs CRADE Japan, the companys Cimatron Israel, the United States AC-C-Tech Mold Company and Australias MPA Mold flow Mold analysis software, and so on. These systems and the introduction of the software, although a lot of money spent, but in our country die industry, and achieving a CAD / CAM integration, and to support CAE technology to forming processes such as molding and cooling, such as computer simulation, and achieved certain The technical and economic benefits, promote and facilitate Chinas CAD / CAM technology. In recent years, Chinas own development of the plastic mould CAD / CAM system has achieved significant development, the main guarantor Software Engineering Institute, is the development of CAXA, Huazhong University of Science HSC5.0 development of the system and injection mold CAE software, and so on, these Die of domestic software with the specific circumstances in the application of computer and lower prices, and other characteristics, in order to further universal CAD / CAM technology has created good conditions.In recent years, China has been more extensive use of some new plastic mold steel, such as: P20, 3Cr2Mo, PMS, SM , SM , and the quality of life of mold has a direct significant impact on the overall use of the still less . Plastic Moulds standard model planes, such as standard putter and spring has given more applications, and there have been some of the commercialization of domestic hot runner system components. However, at present China Die level of standardization and commercialization in the general level of below 30 percent and foreign advanced industrial countries has reached 70 percent compared to 80 percent, still a large gap. Table 1, at home and abroad plastic mould technology comparison table，Domestic projects abroad cavity injection model accuracy of 0.005 0.010.02mm 0.05mm cavity surface roughness Ra0.01 0.05 mRa0.20 m non-hardened steel die life 10 to 60 million 10 30 million hardened steel die life 160 300 million of 50 100 million hot runner mould overall utilization rate of more than 80 per cent less than 10 per cent level of standardization of 70 80% less than 30% of medium-sized plastic mould production cycle about a month 2 4 months in the mold industry in the amount of 30 to 40% 25 to 30% According to the parties concerned forecast, the markets overall vigorous mold is a smooth upward, in the next Die market, the development of plastic mould faster than the other Die, die in the proportion of industry will gradually improve. With the continuous development of the plastics industry, put on the plastic mold growing demands is a normal, and so sophisticated, large-scale, complex, long-life plastic mould development will be higher than the overall pace of development. At the same time, imports in recent years because of the mold, precision, large, complex, long-life die in the majority, therefore, reduce imports perspective, in the mold of such high-end market share will gradually increase. The rapid development of the construction industry so that the various Profile Extrusion Die, PVC plastic pipe fittings Die Die market become a new economic growth point, the rapid development of highways, car tires also put a higher demand, radial tire Die, Die particularly active pace of development will also be higher than the overall average level of the plastic and wood, plastic and metal to make plastic molds in the automotive, motorcycle industry in the demand for huge household appliances industry in the 10th Five-Year Plan period ave greater development, especially refrigerators,air-conditioners and microwave ovens, and other parts of the great demand for plastic moulds, and electronics and communications products, in addition to audio-video products, such as color televisions, laptop computers and set-top boxes will be given a wider network development, which are Plastic Mold market is the growth point. Chinas industrial and technological plastic mould the future direction of the major developments will include: 1, raising large, sophisticated, complex, long-life mold design and manufacturing standards and proportion. This is due to the molding plastic mould products increasingly large, complex and high-precision requirements, as well as requirements for high productivity and the development of a multi-mode due. 2, in the design and manufacture of plastic mould fully promote the use of CAD / CAM / CAE technology. CAD / CAM technology has developed into a relatively mature technology common in recent years CAD / CAM technology hardware and software prices has been reduced to SMEs generally acceptable level of popularity for further create good conditions; based on network CAD / CAM / CAE system integration structure the initial signs of emerging, and it will solve the traditional mixed CAD / CAM system can not meet the actual production process requirements of the division of collaboration; CAD / CAM software will gradually improve intelligence plastic parts and the 3-D mold design and prototyping process 3-D analysis will be in our plastic mould industries play an increasingly important role. 3, promote the use of hot runner technology, gas-assisted injection molding technology and high-pressure injection molding technology. Using hot runner mould technology can improve the productivity and quality of parts and plastic parts can be substantial savings of raw materials and energy conservation, extensive application of this technology is a big plastic mould changes. Hot Runner components formulate national standards, and actively produce cheap high-quality components, the development of hot runner mold is the key. Gas-assisted injection molding product quality can be guaranteed under the premise of substantially lower cost. Currently in the automotive and appliance industries gradually promote the use of the Chiang Kai-shek. Gas-assisted injection molding of the ordinary than the traditional injection of more parameters need to identify and control, and its more commonly used in large, complex products, mold design and control more difficult, therefore, the development of gas-assisted molding flow analysis software It seems very important. On the other hand in order to ensure precision plastic parts to continue to study the development of technology and high-pressure injection molding and injection-compression molding mould and die technology is also very important. 4, the development of new plastics molding technology and rapid economic mold. To adapt to more variety, less volume of production. 5, and improve standardization of plastic mould standard parts usage. Chinas mold and die level of standard parts standardization still low, the gap between the large and foreign, to a certain extent constraining the development of industries in our country die, die to improve quality and reduce manufacturing costs Die, Die standard parts to vigorously promote the application. To this end, first of all, to formulate a unified national standards, and in strict accordance with the standards of production, secondly it is necessary to gradually scale production, to improve the commercialization of the standard of quality, and reduce costs again it is necessary to further increase the standard specifications of varieties. 6, Die application quality materials and advanced surface treatment technology for improving the quality of life and mold it is necessary. 7, research and application of high-speed die measurement technology and reverse engineering. CMM-use 3D scanner or reverse engineering is the realization of plastic moulds CAD / CAM one of the key technologies. Research and Application of diversity, adjustment, cheap detection equipment is to achieve the necessary precondition for reverse engineering.塑料模具的发展中国塑料模工业自从开始到现在，已经经过了半个多世纪，有了非常伟大的发展，模具水平有了很大的提高。在大型模具方面已经能够生产48英寸大屏幕彩电塑壳注射模具、6.5kg大容量洗衣机全套塑料模具以及汽车保险杠和整体仪表板等塑料模具;精密塑料模具方面，已能生产照相机塑料件模具、多型腔小模数齿轮模具及塑封模具。例如天津津荣天和机电有限公司和烟台北极星I.K模具有限公司制造的多腔VCD和DVD齿轮模具，所生产的这类齿轮塑件的尺寸精度、同轴度、跳动等要求都与国外同类产品的水平差不多了，而且还采用了最新的齿轮设计软件，纠正了由于成型收缩所造成的齿形误差，达到了标准渐开线齿形要求。还能够生产厚度仅仅为0.08mm的一模两腔的航空杯模具和难度较高的塑料门窗挤出模等等。注塑模型腔制造精度可达0.020.05mm，表面粗糙度Ra0.2m，模具质量、寿命明显提高了，非淬火钢模寿命可达1030万次，淬火钢模达501000万次，交货期比较以前来讲缩短了，但和国外相比较而言仍然有较大的差距，具体的数据请见数据表。在成型工艺方面，多材质塑料成型模具、高效多色注射模具、镶件互换结构和抽芯脱模机构的创新和设计方面也取得了较大的进展。气体辅助注射成型技术的使用也更加趋向于成熟，例如青岛海信模具有限公司、天津通信广播公司模具厂等等厂家成功地在2934英寸电视机外壳以及一些厚壁零件的模具上运用了气辅技术，一些厂家还使用了C-MOLD气辅软件，取得了很好的效果。例如上海新普雷斯等公司就能为用户提供气辅成型设备及技术。热流道模具开始推广，有的厂采用率达20%以上，一般采用内热式或者外热式热流道装置，少数单位采用具有世界先进水平的高难度针阀式热流道装置，少数单位采用具有世界先进水平的高难度针阀式热流道模具。但在总体上热流道的采用率还达不到10%，与国外的5080%相比，差距较大。 在制造技术方面，CAD/CAM/CAE技术的应用水平上了一个新台阶，以生产家用电器的企业单位作为代表，陆陆续续引进了相当多数量的CAD/CAM系统，例如美国EDS公司引进的UG、美国Parametric Technology公司引进的Pro/Emgineer、美国CV公司引进的CADS5、英国Deltacam公司引进的DOCT5、日本HZS公司引进的CRADE、以色列公司引进的Cimatron、美国AC-Tech公司引进的C-Mold以及澳大利亚Moldflow公司引进的MPA塑模分析软件等等。这些系统和软件的引进，虽然花费了大量资金，但在我国模具行业中，实现了CAD/CAM的集成，并能支持CAE技术对成型过程，如充模和冷却等进行计算机模拟，取得了一定的技术经济效益，促进并且推动了我国模具CAD/CAM技术的发展。近些年来，中国自主开发研制的塑料模CAD/CAM系统有了很大程度的发展，主要的有北航华正软件工程研究所开发的CAXA系统、华中理工大学开发的注塑模HSC5.0系统以及CAE软件等，这些软件具有适应国内模具的具体情况、能在微机上应用且价格较低等特点，为进一步普及模具CAD/CAM技术创造了良好的条件。近些年来，中国国内已经较为广泛地采用一些新的塑料模具钢，如:P20、3Cr2Mo、PMS、SM、SM等，对模具的质量和使用寿命有着直接并且重大的影响，但是总体来说使用量仍然比较少。塑料模具标准模架、标准推杆和弹簧等越来越广泛地得到应用，并且出现了一些国产的商品化的热流道系统元件。但目前我国模具标准化程度和商品化程度一般在30%以下，和国外先进工业国家已达到的70%-80%相比之下，仍然有很大的差距。表一，国内外塑料模具技术比较表，项目国外国内注塑模型腔精度0.0050.01mm，0.020.05mm，型腔表面粗糙度Ra0.010.05m，Ra0.20m，非淬火钢模具寿命1060万次，1030万次淬火钢模具寿命，160300万次，50100万次，热流道模具使用率80%，以上总体不足10%标准化程度7080%小于30%中型塑料模生产周期一个月左右24个月在模具行业中的占有量3040%，2530%据有关方面预测，模具市场的总体趋热仍然是平稳向上的，在未来的模具市场之中，塑料模具的发展速度将远远高于其它种类的模具，在模具行业之中的比例将逐步提高。随着塑料工业的不断发展，对塑料模具提出越来越高的要求也是