英语国家概况 美国 U10.ppt

DoYouKnow FocusIn 1GetReady main DoYouKnow WhatfamilyvaluescanbereflectedfromObama sfamilylife 1 1 DoYouKnow 1 1 video II GetageneralknowledgeaboutthelivingconditionsofAmericansKnowsomeofthebasicAmericanfamilyvaluesBeacquaintedwithAmericanleisureactivitiesBefamiliarwithAmericansportsUnderstandAmericans attitudetowardsleisure privatelife andsports FocusIn 1 2 2text main WhatisAmericans viewabouthouses WhatareAmericans majorhomeactivities WhatareAmericans majorleisurepursuits WhatarethemajorsportsactivitiesintheUnitedStates 1 Houseownership 2 1 1 Mostpeoplehaveanambitiontoowntheirownhouseonalittlepieceofproperty andverylargenumbersofthemhaveachievedthatambition Indeed amongwesterncountries Americaranksfirstintermsofthepercentageofpeoplewhoownthehouses andapartments theylivein Housesarenotexcessivelyexpensiveinrelationtotheirspaceandcomfort andpriceslookquitereasonableinrelationtotheaverageincomeAmericansmake Itisestimatedthatmorethantwo thirdsofallfamiliesintheUnitedStatesarehome owners thoughmanyofthemmayhaveborrowedmoney mortgages onthesecurityoftheirhousesandtheirjobstopayforthem 2 1 2 ComparisonofhouseaffordabilityamongAmericancities 1 Houseownership 2 1 2 2 Houselocation InmuchofthehistoryoftheUnitedStates Americanslivedinruralareas Then withthedevelopmentofindustrializationandurbanization particularlyafterWorldWarII Americansstartedtomovetocities However afterthearrivaloftheso calledpost industrialsociety thesuburbsstartedtogrowandkeptexpanding Populationincentralcitiesandsuburbs 2 1 2 3 Housetypes MostAmericansstilllivein single familydwellings thatis houseswhichusuallyhaveafrontandbackyard Contrarytopopularbelief onlyabout5percentofallAmericansliveinmobilehomes Single familydwellings WhatareAmericans majorhomeactivities 2 1 2 1Federalism1 Oneofthefirstactivitiesathomeistomakeandmendthings likedoingcarpentryworkinthebasementtomakeorrepairapieceoffurniture Then thereisendlessworkinthegardenorbackyard wheremostfamiliesplantflowersandvegetables InmanyAmericanfamilies childrenareexpectedtohelparoundthehouse Theyareassigned chores whichmayinclude forinstance vacuumingtherugs washingandwaxingfloors cleaningwindows mowingthelawn rakingtheleaves shovelingsnow runningerrands keepingthecar s clean lookingafterthepets takingthegarbageout 2 1 2 1Federalism1 out andsoon Also manyAmericanmiddle classfamiliesexpecttheirchildrentofindpart timejobs especiallyastheyentertheirteens Generallyspeaking Americansliketoinvitetheirfriendstotheirhomes evenforSundaybreakfast Partiesforchildrenandforgrown upsareconstantlyoccupyingtheirleisurehours usuallywithsomethingtodrink Whenanewfamilymovestoasuburbanhouse theneighborswillbecallingatoncetoseeiftheycanbeofanyhelp Toasignificantdegree theproblemofsocialbarriersbetweenfamiliesinthesame WhatareAmericans majorhomeactivities 2 1 2 1Federalism2 Thanksgivingfamilyparty WhatareAmericans majorhomeactivities sameneighborhoodhasbeenbasicallyovercome thoughracialbarriersstillremainatouchyprobleminmanypartsoftheUnitedStates WhatareAmericans majorleisurepursuits 2 1 2 4Checksandbalances1 MostAmericanstodayworknomorethaneighthoursaday fivedaysaweekattheirjobs andallschool agechildrenareusuallybackhomeatthreeorfourintheafternoon bothhavingplentyoftimetodothingsoutsidethehome Bothparentsandchildrenareinvolvedinvolunteerwork LeisurepursuitsintheUntiedStatesalsoincludeculturalactivitiesthatarebelievedtoimproveone smindandskill Everyyear millionsofAmericansgotosymphonyconcerts attendlivetheaterperformances 2 1 2 4Checksandbalances2 WhatareAmericans majorleisurepursuits visitmuseums listentolectures andparticipateinartisticactivitiessuchaspainting performingarts performingmusic anddancing Ofcourse formanyAmericans leisurelifewouldneverbecompleteifvacationsarenotincluded InthemindsofmostAmericans WaltDisneyWorld theYellowstoneNationalPark theGrandCanyon theNiagaraFalls andLasVegasalwaysremainhighontheirtouristdestinationlist 2 1 2 4Checksandbalances2 WhatareAmericans majorleisurepursuits Reductionofhoursofwork 1 Americanfootball 2 2 1 1 Unarguably today spreeminentspectatorgameinAmericaisfootball whichwasderivedfromtheBritishgameofrugby Apartfromtheuniversityfootballteams therearemanyprofessionalfootballteams andtheyplayinlargestadiumsonSaturdayafternoons Televisedprofessionalfootballisarguablythemostexcitingspectacleofanykindintoday sAmericanculture Insomepartsofthecountry highschoolfootballistheonlyreligionwithnodissenters andinsomeareasthestateuniversityfootballteamisthecommunity scommon 1 Americanfootball 2 2 1 1 commonbondandproudestboast Afirst classfootballgameisplayedinthemidstofanimmenseritual Halfanhourbeforethegamebegins bandswithmajorettesbeginmarchingandplayingmusiconthefield andtheirroutinesmakethepreparationsinmanywaysmoreinterestingthanthegameitself Supportersareurgedtocheerbycheer leaders whoarenormallygirlswearingdistinctiveuniforms Thus thefootballgameisnotmerelyanentertainmentforthespectators butalsoapageant usingmanyofthedeviceswhicharealsoemployedinpoliticalrallies 1 Americanfootball 2 2 1 1 Americanfootball 2 Baseball 2 2 1 1 Baseballisbasicallyasummergame adaptedbytheAmericansfromtheEnglishcrickettotheirowntastes ThisisamuchcruderandsimplergamethancricketasplayedinEngland andresemblesthegamecalledroundersoftenplayedbychildrenelsewhere Likefootball baseballenjoysimmensepopularityamongAmericans particularlyamongmen Professionalbaseballteamshaveenthusiasticfollowings andimportantbaseballgamesarousegreatinterestamongAmericansportsfans beingfollowedontelevisionallacross 2 Baseball 2 2 1 1 acrossthenation Likefootball baseballisalsoalarge scalecommercialenterpriseintheUnitedStates bringinghugefinancialrewardstoplayersandmanagement MorethananyotherAmericansport baseballlendsitselftolegend Thestatisticalrecordsgiveeachgameamythicdimensionasthehits runs errors andstrikeoutsarecarvedintotherecordbooks 2 Baseball 2 2 1 1 Baseball 3 Basketball 2 2 1 1 BasketballisauniquelyAmericansport Itoriginatedin1891whenJamesNaismith ayoungphysicaleducationteacherinSpringfield Massachusetts wasinstructedbyhisbosstoinventanewgamethatcouldbeplayedindoorsduringthecoldwintermonthstokeepthestudentsoccupiedandoutoftrouble Basketballgainedquicklypopularityduetoitssimpleequipmentrequirements indoorplay competitiveness andeasilyunderstoodrules Thefirstprofessionalbasketballleaguewasformedin1898 Today 2 2 1 1 3 Basketball Today theNationalBasketballAssociation NBA isthemajorprofessionalbasketballleagueintheworld withteamsintheUnitedStatesandCanada TheNBAnowhas29teamscompetingintwoconferences theEasternandWestern infourseparatedivisions SuperstarplayerslikeMichael Air Jordanincreasedthepopularityofbasketballinternationally In1992 aso calledDreamTeam madeupofthetopAmericanprofessionalbasketballplayers representedtheUnitedStatesinOlympicGamesforthefirsttime 2 2 1 1 3 Basketball Michael Air Jordan 2 2 1 1 4 Hockey IcehockeyisanotherpopularsportintheUnitedStates OriginatingfromCanada thesportiscommonlyreferredtosimplyas hockey IntheU S thegameismostpopularinregionsofthecountrywithacoldwinterclimate However sincethe1990shockeyhasbecomeincreasinglypopularintheSunBelt TheNHListhemajorprofessionalhockeyleagueinNorthAmerica with23U S basedteamsand7Canadian basedteamscompetingfortheStanleyCup Althoughhockeydoesnotenjoythesamepopularityasfootball baseballandbasketball 2 2 1 1 4 Hockey basketballintheU S oneofthenation sgreatesteversportingmomentscameduringthe1980WinterOlympicswhentheU S hockeyteambeattheSovietUnion4 3inthefirstgameofthemedalroundbeforegoingontobeatFinlandtoclaimthegoldmedal Thegamehassincebeencalledthe MiracleonIce Overthecourseofthelastfewyears manyAmericanshavebecomemorefamiliarwiththegreatexcitement speed andphysicalplayofhockey anditisgainingontheNBAintermsofpopularityandisslowlybecomingamorefamiliarsporttotheaverageAmericanfamily 2 2 1 1 4 Hockey TheU S icehockeyteam 3 main TrueorFalse MultipleChoice Discussion 1 MostAmericanshaveanambitiontoowntheirownhouseonalittlepieceofproperty butit sdifficultforthemtohavethatambitionmaterialized 2 Afterthearrivaloftheso calledpost industrialsociety Americansstartedtomovetothecity 3 MostAmericansliveinmobilehomeswhichfunctionasprefabricatedhousingunitsinstationarysettings F F TrueorFalse 3 1 1 F 4 ManypoorAmericanfamiliesexpecttheirchildrentofindpart timejobs especiallyastheyentertheirteens 5 Partiesforchildrenandforgrown upsareconstantlyoccupyingtheleisurehoursofAmericans 6 IntheUnitedStates high browartsgetmostofthefinancialbackingfromthegovernment T F 3 1 2 TrueorFalse F 7 IntheUnitedStates popularcultureoutshinesclassicalcultureinaudiencesizeandinpublicinfluence 8 Today spreeminentspectatorgameinAmericaisbaseball 9 AmericanfootballwasderivedfromtheBritishgameofsoccer 10 BaseballisadaptedbytheAmericansfromtheEnglishcrickettotheirowntastes F 3 1 3 TrueorFalse F T T 1 FormostAmericans oneofthefirstactivitiesathomeisto A watchTVB dorepairworkC surfontheInternetD drinkcoffee MultipleChoice 3 2 1 2 Thefollowingare chores assignedtothechildreninAmericanfamiliesEXCEPT A washingandwaxingfloorsB mowingthelawnC keepingthecar s cleanD babysitting MultipleChoice 3 2 2 3 Thefollowingarepart timejobsexpectedtobedonebyAmericanchildrenEXCEPT A mowinglawnsB deliveringnewspapersC taxidrivingD babysitting MultipleChoice 3 2 3 4 ThefollowingaretheleisureactivitiesoutsidethehomeforAmericanadultsEXCEPT A playingbowlingB playingsoccerC attendingpublicserviceactivitiesD attendingchurch relatedactivities MultipleChoice 3 2 4 5 ThefollowingaretheleisureactivitiesoutsidethehomeforAmericanchildrenEXCEPT A takinglessonsB travelingoverseasC horsebackridingD swimming MultipleChoice 3 2 5 6 Oneoutofevery Americansdonatessomepartoftheirtimeasvolunteers A 3B 4C 5D 6 MultipleChoice 3 2 6 7 Thefollowingbelongtohigh browcultureEXCEPT A classicalmusicB balletC operaD movies MultipleChoice 3 2 7 8 ThefollowingremainhighonthedomesticvocationaldestinationlistinthemindsofmostAmericansEXCEPT A WaltDisneyWorldB NewYorkC theYellowstoneNationalParkD theGrandCanyon MultipleChoice 3 2 8 9 Thefollowingarethe fourmajorsports intheUnitedStatesEXCEPT A basketballB footballC baseballD volleyball MultipleChoice 3 2 9 10 TheSuperBowlisagamefor A basketballB footballC baseballD volleyball MultipleChoice 3 2 9 TheAmericanDreamconsistsofmanyelements oneofwhichistoownahouseofone sown DiscussthesignificanceofhomeownershiptoAmericansinaculturalcontext Discussion 3 3 1 Homeownershipisameasureofsuccessinthemiddle class basedsociety Homeownershipisasignofindependence Homeownershipisasymboloffamilyhappiness Hints Discussion 3 3 1 Homeownershipisindicativeofone sresponsibilitytohimself herselfandhis herfamily Homeownershipassuresonesomedegreeofsecurityinanotherwiseinsecureworld TheAmericanDreamofHomeOwnershipHasBecomeaNightmareMortimerB Zuckerman 4 1 Thedisappearanceofhomeequityvalueisaleadweightontherecovery WhyhashousingbeensuchacoreelementinthestoryofAmericancivilization 4 2 Culturallyadecenthousehasbeenasymbolofmiddle classfamilylife Practically ithasbeenasecureshelterforthechildren alongwithaccesstoagoodfreeeducation Financiallyithasbeenregardedasasafestoreofvalue ashieldagainstthevagariesoftheeconomy andalong termretirementasset Indeed fordecades ahousehasbeenthelargestassetonthebalancesheetoftheaverageAmericanfamily Inrecentyears itprovidedboatloadsofmoneytohomeownersthrough throughrecoursetocash outrefinancing ineffectanequitywithdrawalfromtheironcerapidlyappreciatinghomevalues ThesedaystheAmericandreamofhomeownershiphasturnedintoanightmareformillionsoffamilies Theywakeeverydaytotherealityofahorribledeclineinthevalueofthehomethathasmeantsomuchtothem Thepressuretomeetmortgagepaymentsonhomesthathavelostvaluehasbeenespeciallyshocking andunjust 4 3 4 4 unjust forthemillionsofunemployedthroughnofaultoftheirown Forthebabyboomergeneration ahomeisnowseennotasthecornerstoneofadvancementbutaballandchain restrictingtheirabilityandtheirmobilitytomoveandseekoutajobatanotherlocation Theyjustcannotaffordtoabandontheequitytheyhaveintheirhomes andtheycan tsellinthismiserablemarket 4 5 Americanhomeownershaveexperiencedanunprecedenteddeclineintheirequitynetofmortgagedebt Theseeminglynever endingfallinpriceshasbroughtanaveragedeclineofatleast30percent Furthermore thecountryisnowgoingthroughanunprecedentednationwideslideinsales despitethefactthatlong termmortgageinterestratesnationwideplummetedrecentlytoarecordlowof4 3percentbeforerisingslightly Theresultisthathomeoccupancycostsfor 4 6 forhomepurchasesarenowdowntoroughly15percentoffamilyincome dramaticallylowerthantheconventional affordablefigureof25percentoffamilyincomedevotedtohomeoccupancycosts Yetnewhomesales pendinghomesales andmortgageapplicationsaredowntoa13 yearlow Theeconomicsofhomeownershipcouldhardlybemoredisastrouslyoppositetotheexpectationsofgenerationaftergeneration Millionsofhomeshavebeen 4 7 foreclosedupon About11millionresidentialproperties orabout23percentofsuchpropertieswithmortgages havemortgagebalancesthatexceedthehome svalue Giventhetotalinventory andtheshadowinventoryofemptyhomes manyexpertsexpectpricestofallanother5to10percent Thatwouldbringthedeclineto40percentfrompeak to troughandexposeanestimated40percentofhomeownerstomortgagesinexcessofthevalueoftheirhomes 4 8 Thegrowingriskofdisappearingequityinvitesmorestrategicdefaultsonmortgages Homeownerswithnegativeequityaretemptedsimplytomailintheirkeystotheirfriendlylendereveniftheycanaffordthemortgagepayment Banksdon twanttotakethedeflatedpropertiesontotheirbooksbecausetheywillthenhavetodeclareafinanciallossandstillhavetoworryaboutmaintainingtheproperties 4 9 Littlewonderforeclosurehasnotbeenenforcedonaquarterofthepeoplewhohaven tmadeasinglemortgagepaymentinthelasttwoyears Astaggering8millionhomeloansareinsomestateofdelinquency default orforeclosure Another8millionhomeownersareestimatedtohavemortgagesrepresenting95percentormoreofthevalueoftheirhomes leavingthemwith5percentorlessequityintheirhomesandthusvulnerabletofurtherpricedeclines Ahugepercentagewillneverbeabletocatchupontheirpaymentdeficits 4 10 Themortgagemarketdoesn thelp Itisvirtuallyonlifesupportfromthegovernment whichnowguaranteesabout95percentofthemortgagemarket Therareconventionallendersarenowactuallyinsistingonasubstantialdownpaymentandmakingothermorestringentfinancialrequirements Householdformationisalsoshrinkingnow downtoanannualrateofabout600 000 comparedtonethouseholdformationduringthebubbleyears whenitwasinexcessofamillionannually 4 11 annually Themostcriticalfactorsubduingthedemandforhousingisthathomeownershipisnolongerseenasthegreat long termbuildupinequityvalueitoncewas Soitisnottoodifficulttounderstandwhydemandforhousinghasdeclinedandwillnotreviveanytimesoon ThisisadisturbingdevelopmentforthosewhobelievethathousingisgoingtoleadAmericatoaneconomicrecovery asitdidduringtheGreatDepressionandthenthrougheveryrecessionsince Eachtime residential 4 12 residentialconstructionprecededtherecoveryinthelargereconomy Thistime intheGreatRecession aleadweightonrecoveryhasbeenthedisappearanceofsome 6trillionofhomeequityvalue alossthathashadadevastatingeffectonconsumerconfidence retirementsavings andcurrentspending Everyfurther1percentdeclineinhomepricestodaylowershouseholdwealthbyapproximately 170billion Foreachdollarlostinhousingwealth theestimateisthatconsumptionislowered 4 13 loweredby5centsor5percent Addtothisthefactthatwearebuildingamillion plusfewerhomesonanannualbasisfromthepeakyearsofthehousingbo