2010年职称英语试题及答案完型填空部分.doc

大家论坛第0篇 Obtaining Drinking Water from Air HumidityNot a plant to be seen, the desert ground is too 1 . But the air contains water, and research scientists have found a 2 of obtaining drinking water from air humidity. The system is based completely on renewable energy and is therefore autonomous.Cracks permeate the dried-out desert ground and the landscape bears testimony to the lack of water. But even here, where there are no lakes, rivers or groundwater, considerable quantities of water are stored in the air. In the Negev desert1 in Israel2, for example, annual average relative air humidity is 64 percent - in every cubic meter of air there are 11,5 milliliters of water.German research scientists have found a way of converting this air humidity autonomously into drinkable water. The process we have developed is based exclusively on renewable energy sources such as thermal 3 collectors and photovoltaic cells, which makes this method completely energy-autonomous. It will therefore function in regions 4 there is no electrical infrastructure, says Siegfried Egner, head of the research team. The principle of the 5 is as follows3: hygroscopic brine saline solution which absorbs moisture - runs down a tower-shaped unit and absorbs water from the air. It is then sucked into a tank a few meters 6 the ground in which a vacuum prevails4. Energy from solar collectors heats up the brine, which is diluted by the water it has 7 .Because of the vacuum, the boiling point of the liquid is 8 than it would be under normal atmospheric pressure. This effect is known from the mountains: as the atmospheric pressure 9 is lower than in the valley, water boils at temperatures 10 below 100oC. The evaporated, non-saline water is condensed and runs down through a completely filled tube in a controlled manner. The gravity of this water column continuously produces the vacuum and so a vacuum pump is not needed. The reconcentrated5 brine runs down the tower surface 11 to absorb moisture from the air.The concept is suitable for various water 12 . Single-person units and plants 13 water to entire hotels are conceivable, says Egner. Prototypes have been built for both system components air moisture absorption and vacuum evaporation and the research scientists have already 14 their interplay on a laboratory scale. In a further step the researchers intend to develop a demonstration 15 .词汇：autonomous adj.独立的 thermal adj.热的 permeate v.遍布 photovoltaic adj.光电的 hygroscopic n.吸湿的infrastructure n.基础设施brine n.盐水 interplay n.相互作用 saline adj.含盐的注释：1. Negev desert：内盖夫沙漠（位于以色列南部的沙漠地区，占以色列国土面积一半以上）。2. Isreal：以色列 3. as follows：如下4. in which a vacuum prevails：水箱里是真空状态。Which 指代的是前半句的 tank。 Prevail 意为“占上风”。5. reconcentrated：重新浓缩的。练习：答案与题解：1. A第一段说的是，沙漠没有河流、湖泊等，所以缺水。但空气中含有水汽，可以从空气 中吸取水。根据上下文的意思，dry 是答案。2. B 前面的句子说，虽然沙漠缺水，但空气含有水汽，人们可以从中吸湿制水。最后一句 的意思显然是，科学家已经找到从空气中吸湿制水的方法。在四个选项 route（ 路 线 ）， way（方法），channel（途径）和 road（道路）中，只有 way 最合适。3. D renewable energy（可再生能源）是解题的重要线索，oil/wood/coal 不是 renewable energy，只有 solar energy 才是 renewable energy。4. C 这套吸湿制水机靠太阳能驱动，他可以自主独立工作，适合于没有发电厂提供电能的 地区使用。there is no electrical infrastructure 是定语从句，修饰地点名词 regions，连接词应该选 where.5. D 本句说明吸湿制水机的工作原理，promise（答应），progress（进展）或 prospect（前景）都与句意不符，只有 process（工作过程，方法）最合适。6. C of the ground 和 with the ground 与句意接不上，below the ground 不合逻辑，因 为从空气中吸湿制水的设备不可能安装在地面之下。Off the ground（离开地面），置 设备于离开地面若干公尺的空气之中就合理了。7. A 同一段的前面句子中出现 absorbs moisture 和 absorbs water from the air，这是 吸湿制水机工作过程的第一阶段（第二阶段是用蒸馏法脱盐以获取淡水）。所以， absorbed 是合乎逻辑的选择。8. D 本段第二句由 “ as the atmospheric pressure is lower than in the valley”，这是解题的重要线索。此外，根据科学常识，大气压力降低，水的沸点也 随着降低。所以，lower 是答案。9. B 根据上下文的意思，可以判断出，答案是 there，因为这里的意思是“那儿的大气 压”。10. B 首先要知道四个选项英语单词的词义。gradually（逐渐地）below 100，necessarily below 100（必须地）或 possibly（可能地） below 100，都不符合“大气压力降 低，水的沸点也随着降低”的原理。所以。只有选 distinctly 最合适。11. A 从上下文判断，只有 again 才是答案。其余三个选项填入句子中都说不通。12. A 后面句子的 single-person（units）和 hotels 是吸湿制水机的用户，提示了本题的 答案是 users.13. C 本句的意思是：适合个人使用的吸湿制水机及可供整间酒店用水的吸湿制水厂是有望 制造成功的。Supplying 是答案。吸湿制水机或吸湿制水厂本身不会“使用”（using） 水。Obtaining（获得）后接 from，而本句用的是 to，所以不是答案。Cleaning 也不是 答案，因为若吸湿制水机或吸湿制水厂为酒店清洁用水，cleaning 后要接 for，而不是 to。14. D 从上下文判断，再加上 on a laboratory scale 的提示，本题要选 tested。15. C 本题前面的句子谈到，科学家已经制成了吸湿制水机的原型并在实验室中进行了试验运行，下一步该做什么呢？demonstration 提供了线索，答案应该是（demonstration） facility（示范设备）。第一篇 Captain Cook Arrow LegendIt was a great legend while it lasted，but DNA testing has _1_ ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook_2_ died in the Sandwich Islandsin 1779.“There is _3_ Cook in the Australian Museum，museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of CookS bone.But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its_4_，“Uncovered：Treasures of the Australian Museum,” which_5_include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalaniopuu in 1778.Cook was one of Britains great explorers and is credited with_6_ the“Great South Land，_7_ Australia, in 1 770.He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands，now HawaiiThe 1egend of Cooks arrow began in 1 824 _8_ Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams，a London surgeon and relative of Cooks wife，saying it was made of Cooks bone after the fatal_9 _ with islanders.In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued _10_ it came face=to-face with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cooks bone but was more _11_ made of animal bone。said Philp.However, Cooks fans _ 1 2 _ to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered.as they say there is evidence not a11 of Cooks body was _1 3 _ at sea in 1 779.“On this occasion technology has won，”said Cliff Thornton，president of the Captain Cook Society, in a _14_ from Britain.“But I am _15_ that one of these daysone of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.词汇：DNA n.脱氧核糖核酸Hawaiian adj.夏威夷的Uncovered adj.被发掘的cape n.斗篷credit v.把归功于club v.用棍棒打1. A. finally B. firstly C. lately D. usually2. A. whose B. who C. which D. what3. A. some B. none C. neither D. no4. A. cinema B. exhibition C. shop D. market5. A. must B. did C. has to D. does6. A. discovering B. visiting C. traveling D. using7. A. then B. now C. past D. previously8. A. how B. where C. when D. that9. A. conversation B. fight C. meal D. dance10. A. however B. until C. after D. whenever11. A. helpfully B. usefully C. likely D. readily12. A. refuse B. return C. regain D. reply13. A. collected B. washed C. stored D. buried14. A. statement B. suggestion C. proposal D. guess15. A. safe B. weak C. sure D. lucky在线作业参考答案：Captain Cook Arrow Legend1. A. 分析：借助搭配“.地已经结束了.”直接判断A(最终地)2.B.分析：考察定语从句，从句需要主语，且该主语指代Captain James Cook，所以B合适。3 D。 分析：考察否定副词。借助搭配特点空格后直接出现了名词，所以D是答案(no否定名词)4. B. 分析：借助句子中的相关词语museum(博物馆).display(陈列)直接猜测答案为B(展览会)5. D. 分析：借助上文时态一般将来时，及与空格处的搭配结构“考古发现：澳大利亚博物馆的宝藏”包括.直接判断D为答案该题考点：上下文时态和定语从句。6. A。分析：借助句子中出现的词语：explorers (探险家)Great South Land，判断A(发现)是答案。7. B。分析：该题考察插入语结构(插入语结构往往是对前面的名词/代词进行描述，或补充说明，该结构往往以定语(定语从句)，状语(状语从句)，或同位语的语法结构形式出现)8. C.分析：空格前出现典型时间词1824，空格后是句子，所以直接判断when 可能是答案。 考察：定语从句结构。9. B. 分析：该题考察上下文内容的呼应：前面出现“被棍棒打死”，所以这里选择B(打仗)最合适。10. B.分析：借助空格所在结构的特点和搭配结构含义(持续到.)直接判断答案B(直到)。11. C.分析：分析：根据空格相关结构含义(不是由cook的骨头制成，而是更.是由动物的骨头制成)判断C是答案。12.A. 分析：直接借助搭配结构特点(v. + to 引导的不定式结构)判断A是答案。13.D.分析：借助上文句意和该句句意(不是所有的cook的尸体都在1779年被。海里)判断D(埋葬)是答案。14.A.分析：借助被选项的关系：suggestion和 proposal是近义词，且用法接近，所以相互排除掉，比较A和D，判断A(来自伦敦的)声明)正确。15.C.分析：借助语感(I am sure.)直接猜测答案。第二篇 Avalanche and Its Safety An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are 1 the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property. All avalanches are caused by an over=burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope 2 supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is 3 to cause an avalanche, 4 a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors. Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low 5 of avalanche. Snow does not 6 significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not7 easily on fiat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snows angle of rest 1is 8 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb2 is: A slope that is9 enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. Additionally3, avalanche risk increases with 10 ; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur. Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry4 is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous 11 , including route selection and examination to the snowpack, weather 12 , and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also 13 the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid 14 to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are 15 or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche. 词汇： avalanche n.雪崩 trigger v. 引起，激发 snowpack n. 积雪场 incidence n.发生（率） terrain n. 地形，地势 ski v.滑雪 steep adj.险峻的，陡峭的 complexity n. 复杂性 注释: 1angle of rest：这里指积雪保持静止的角度。 2rule ofthumb：指“a broadly accurate principle，based on experience or practice rather that theory”，即“通用法则，经验法则”。 3Additionally：是一个副词，用来引人新的事实或论点，意为“此外”。 4backcountry：人烟稀少的地区。 练习: 1. A among B of C to D in 2. A when B that C who D whose 3. A mostly B likely C clearly D surely 4. A are B will be C is D was 5. A weight B form C risk D work 6. A fall B flow C roll D gather 7. A fall B flow C roll D gather 8. A among B between C with D for 9. A thick B thin C flat D rocky 10. A use B time C snow D rain 11. A journey B trip C fact D process 12. A conditions B reports C forecast D event 13. A increase B reduce C improve D remove 14. A price B effort C attention D money 15. A missing B grown C big D fresh 答案与题解： 1A表达“雪崩是山上可能发生的最大危险之一”的意思，因此应该选择among(在之 中)。 2B从该句的语法结构上来看，此处需要一个关系代词，代替slope，所以that是最佳选择。选项A、C、D均不符合语法。 3B选项A不符合语法，c和D符合语法，但不符合常识：过度的雪的积压可能导致雪崩， 而不是必定导致雪崩。所以，B是最佳答案。 4C该句的主语是Determining the critical load，从上下文来看应该使用一般现在时，所以C是正确答案。 5C要确定本题答案的一个有效的方法是排除法。a10w weightform work of avalanche都不合逻辑，只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。下面的句子解释了low risk of avalanche的道理，更证实了选risk是正确的。 6D第6和第7题可以一起考虑。整个句子的意思是：在坡度大的坡上，雪不会大量堆积。 在较为平坦的坡面，雪不会轻易滑动。 7B(见6) 8B理解了句子的意思就不难判断选项：雪在静止状态下，角度在35_45度之间，最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。between：在之间。 9C这个句子说明的是什么样的山坡最易发生雪崩，即，A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski。flat在此做“平坦”解，与后面的steep形成反义。 10A句中的that is表明，后半部分是对前半部分的进一步说明。所以，这里的选择要根据下文的意思判断。use是最佳选择，整个句子的意思是：山坡被滑雪者使用的越多，雪崩就越可能发生。 、 11D尽管选项A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，从全段的内容判断，只有process是最佳选择，因为该段描写的是如何防备雪崩，及如何做好安全措施等一系列问题。 12A选项A、B、c都可以与weather搭配，但是根据上下文，只有A最为符合文章的内容。 13B选项A不符合句子的意思；c不能和risk搭配；D也不符合句子的意思，因为不可能完全消除雪崩的隐患。 14C该句主句使用的是被动语态，第二个动词是pay attention t0的被动形式。l选项A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。 15A该句是作者给出的一系列忠告之一，即，认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。选项8、C、D均不符合句义。 第3篇 Seeing Red Means Danger AheadThe color red often means danger - and by paying attention, ( 1 ) can be prevented. At railroad crossings, flashing red fights warn cars to stay back. A red light at a traffic intersection tells cars to stop, so ( 2 ) dont run into other cars.In the future, the color red also may help prevent danger ( 3 ) construction sites. Thanks to1 new work by engineers, bridge supports2 - or other kinds of materials - could one day contain a color-changing material. It will turn red ( 4 ) a structure collapses or falls ( 5) . A tiny molecule may make a big difference in future warning systems.A polymer ( 6 ) a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore turns red seconds before it snaps3. The technology may one day allow damage to materials or structures4 to be easily ( 7 ) .The secret behind the color-changing material is a particular type of molecule. A molecule is a group of atoms held together by ( 8 ) bonds. Molecules come in all shapes and sizes, and make up ( 9 ) you can see, touch or feel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains, and how theyre held together.When a polymer containing a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore is about to breaks, it produces a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes injured or ( 10 ) , one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. Its a really simple detection method, says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. Were ( 11 ) up this one bond, and it changes color. Sottos and her team tested the color-changing polymers in their lab. The test ( 12 ) proved encouraging.There is a way to get rid of the red color: ( 13 ) . When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixedrn and the red color disappears. This self-healing may be a problem for engineers. They need to use the color-changer in big construction projects that will be ( 14 ) , in sunlight. And sunlight will make the mechanophores warning system useless.Sottos and her fellow scientists still have ( 15 ) work to do before the color-changing molecules can. be used outside the lab.词汇：crossing n.十字路口 mechanophore n.机械响应性聚合物 intersection n.交叉路口molecule n.分子 snap v.折断，断裂 polymer n.聚合物 atom n.原子注释：1. Thanks to：多亏，由于2. bridge supports：桥梁支柱3. seconds before it snaps：聚合物断裂前几秒钟。Seconds 修饰状语从句 before it snaps。It 指代 polymer。4. damage to materials or structures：材料或建筑物的损坏。to 是介词。介词短语 to materials or structures 修饰 damage。5. is about to break：即将断裂。be about to ( V)意为“刚刚，行将”。6. get rid of：除去。7. the broken bond is fixed：断裂的键被修复。Fix 意为“修理，修复”。练习：1 A measures B accidents C actions D collapses2 A they B it C some D most3 A with B over C at D in4 A before B after C once D while5 A together B behind C down D apart6 A contacting B conducting C containing D considering7 A controlled B spotted C repaired D changed8 A technical B electronic C physical D chemical9 A everything B something C nothing D anything10 A weak B strong C tough D soft11 A using B opening C turning D finishing12 A laws B theories C tools D results13 A air B electricity C light D sound14 A aside B beside C inside D outside15 A a part of B a pair of C a piece of D a lot of答案与题解：1. B 从第一句的“The color often means danger” 和“.can be prevented”所表达 的意思判断，accidents 是答案。因为存在 danger,就有可能出现 accidents。因为有了红 色预警信号，accidents 就有可能 prevented。2. A 本题的测试点是代词。代词所要指代的词是 cars，它是复数，所以代词 they 是唯一 选择。3. C construction sites 前面的介词要用 at。with, over 和 in 都不合适。4. A 这两段说，把一种能变色的化学物质加在建筑材料中，当建筑物断裂之前，变色材料 会显示红色。所以，after 与上下文逻辑相悖。用了 once，句意变成“一旦建筑物断裂，变 色材料会显示红色”，这不合逻辑，断裂后才变色就是去了预警作用。While 也说不通，因 为“It will turn red while a structure collapses”的意思是“在建筑物倒塌期间，变 色材料会显示红”，断裂后才显示红色已经没有意义了。所以，只有 before 才是答案。5. D 要选 apart。fall apart 意为“破碎，破裂”。Collapses or falls apart 中的 or意为“即”，所以，fall apart 与 collapse 同义。6. C 从上下文所表达的意思判断，本次要选的词是 containing，即“含有(变色材料的 聚 合物 )”。其余三个选项，即 contacting(接触)，conducting(进行)，considering(考 虑)都与句意搭不上。7. B 建筑物断裂之前，变色材料会显示红色。这种新技术的预警性很明显，人们见到建筑 物出现红色就知道有险情。所以，spotted(发现，认出)是答案。8. D 本段对变色材料为什么会变色的原理做出解释，句中出现 atoms，molecule 等。所以 变色是一种化学反应，不会是一种物理、电子或技术反应。9. A 本句的意思是：分子的大小和形状构成世界万物，所以应选 everything(每样东西， 即万物)。10. A 本句的意思是：含有 mechanophore 分子的聚合物“受伤”时，mechanophore 中的一 个键就会断开，于是它便呈现红色。句中的 or 意为“即”，也就是说，紧接在 or 后面的词 应该是 injured 的同义词，所以要选 weak。转自 职称英语考试网11. B Sottos 和她的研究组进行了实验，断开 mechanophore 的一个键，让其呈现红色。 Opening up 是“打开，断开”的意思，与上下文意思相符，所以选 opening 是答案。Using up(用完)，turning up(出现)或 finishing up(做完)与 bond 连用，意思都不对。12. D 上文说到，Sottos 和她的研究组进行了实验，所以 test 后面的词应该是 results。 最后一个词是 encouraging，也提示了 results 是答案。13. C 本段第二句说，当明亮的光线射到被断开的化学键上，化学键就会被修复，于是红色预警信号就消失了。第二句的 light 提示了第一句缺失的关键词就是 light。14. D 大型建筑物一半均是露天的。句末的 sunlight 提示了要选 sunlight。15. D 红色预警信号在阳光下是不会出现的。所以，如何能使红色预警信号在室外也能显现 ， 这是科学家今后研究的课题，而且研究的难度和工作量还很大。四个选项中，只有 a lot of 与上下文的意思对得上号。A part of(一部分)和 a pair of(一双)明显不合适。A piece of(一件)也不合逻辑。第四篇 Animals “Sixth Sense”A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals, _1_, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that I they possess a “sixth sense” for _2_, experts said.Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean islands coast clearly _3_ wild beasts, with no dead animals found.“No elephants are dead, not _4_ a dead rabbit. I think animals can _5_ d