初中课标解读.ppt

新课标理念与初中英语教材教法研讨 Michelle2011 3 14 Definitionofcurriculum syllabus seeGreenb 1 Blueb 2 4 国家课程标准是教材编写 教学 评估和考试命题的依据 是国家管理和评价课程的基础 它体现了国家对不同阶段的学生在知识与技能 过程与方法 情感态度与价值观念等方面的要求 规定各门课程的性质 目标 内容框架 提出教学和评价建议 摘自 基础教育改革纲要 试行 转引自 光明日报 2001年6月7日 Acurriculumcontainsabroaddescriptionofgeneralgoalsbyindicatinganoveralleducational culturalphilosophywhichappliesacrosssubjectstogetherwithatheoreticalorientationtolanguageandlanguagelearningwithrespecttothesubjectmatterathand Acurriculumisoftenreflectiveofnationalandpoliticaltrendsaswell Asyllabusisamoredetailedandoperationalstatementofteachingandlearningelementswhichtranslatesthephilosophyofthecurriculumintoaseriesofplannedstepsleadingtowardsmorenarrowlydefinedobjectivesateachlevel fromCourseDesignbyDubin Olshtain 2002 34 35 he sbluebookp2 3 Theterm curriculum itselfcanbeusedintwoways Inonesense itreferstotheprogramofstudiesofaneducationalinstitution forexample theschoolcurriculuminthedistributionofsubjectsandactivities Inamorerestrictedsenseweusethetermcurriculumtodescribethesubstanceofwhatistaughtinagivensubject It usuallyinvolvesatleastthreeaspects a definingobjectives b determiningcontent and c indicatingsomesortofsequenceorprogression fromIssuesandOptionsinLanguageTeachingbyH H Stern 1992 19 20 he swhitebookp4 5 Definitionofteachingmaterialswhat whyneed function role Redb 29 Tgmaterials conceptsofeducationResourcesfortg lg knowledgetransferringToolsoftg lg studentcenterMediabetw Lger knowledge curriculum lgers tgers constructivismSum Tgmaterialsincludingkeyknowledge wayoflg tg finecasesofinteractionTask Lookatyourtextbookandidentifyeachoftheabovefunctionsrepresentedinit highlightitssurfacefeaturesandimplicationsunderlined Greenb Whiteb Blueb 综合语言运用能力 情感态度 学习策略 文化意识 语言技能 语言知识 国际视野祖国意识合作精神自信意志兴趣动机 交际策略资源策略调控策略认知策略 跨文化交际文化理解文化知识 话题功能语法词汇语音 写读说听 Unittitles U 1Hello What syourname U 2Nicetomeetyou U 3Canyouspellit U 4NumbersinEnglish U 5What sthisinEnglish U 6Howoldishe U 7Isthisyourpencil box U 8Mainlyrevision U 9Thenewstudents U 10Whereisit U 11Comeandmeetthefamily U 12Whatcanyousee U 13Whatcolourisit U 14That smine U 15What sthetime U 16Mainlyrevision U 1Myname sGina U 2Isthisyourpencil U 3Thisismysister U 4Where smybackpack U 5Doyouhaveasoccerball U 6Doyoulikebananas U Reviewofunits1 6 U 7Howmucharethesepants U 8Whenisyourbirthday U 9Doyouwanttogotoamovie U 10Canyouplaytheguitar U 11Whattimedoyougotoschool U 12Myfavoritesubjectisscience U ReviewofUnits7 12 96 04 Curriculum Textbooks Underlinedtheory Curriculum syllabus Textbook Exercises activities Itispreciselyinthenatureofclassroomtasksthatmaterialsdesigners assumptionsaboutthebestroutetolanguagelearningbecomeclearandinconsequence teacherandlearnerrolesbecomedefined Itisalsothroughananalysisoftasksthatwecanmosteffectivelytestoutthevariousclaimsmadeforthematerials Littlejohn 1998 p200 Linear spiralsequencing ordering whitb 89 93 LineargradationInatypicallinearlyorderedcoursetheitemsarepresentedonebyoneinastrictlylinearsequencewhichismaintainedthroughoutthecourse Eachitemisdiscussedindetail andtheaimistoattaincompletecommandoftheitembeforeproceedingtothenextitem Cyclicgradation spiralsequencingThefeaturecyclicreferstothepresentationofapointinawayleadingtogradualfamiliarizationbyreturningtoitatdifferentintervalsinthecourseofinstruction Inthecyclicapproachmasteryisachievedbysuccessiveapproximationtoagivenstandard 摘自AppliedLinguisticsandtheTeachingandLearningofForeignLanguages GradationofCourseContent byTheoVanetal 1884 226 228 SequencingintermsofGrammarknowledge demonstrationof attributiveclauseinsrj07 VocabularyknowledgeTopic content titlesincontentableofpxbz04 whitb WorkshopObservetheunitlistandgrammarknowledgesequenceof04srjIdentifysomelanguageitemsequencinginyourtextbook Newcurriculumconceptsinnewtextbooks AimingatdoingthingsinEnglish moduletask languagegoal 1R VerbsLang knowledgegowithlang Skill and ing attentiontowhatVideo scanning7 20 dictagloss 27Contentisclosetolger slifeU 1R 3R my your 2W cluster email justforfun way tolearn learningtolearn Howtotg GrammarHowtotg VocabularyWordchunkbuildupmeaningincontextcome back give 1 Listenforthestressedwordsintheconversation 2 Writethenextnumbersinwords 2 4 6 3 Putthewordsintothreelists4 Readthethreestoriesandtrytoguesswhatthelastwordsare5 Addsomewordsfrom a tomake5negativesentences6 Whatphrasesgowith best whatwordscomeafter best 7 Whichwordfitallthespaces 8 Canyouhearthewordsthatmissedoutoftheoraltranscript 9 Whichwordscouldbeusedtoreplacethewordsthatareunderlined 10 Lookatthetext findout13morewordsendsin s andputthemincategories 11 ThisstoryhappensinAmerica readitandfindwhatwordsaremissing 12 Whatotherwordscanyouthinkoftoputintothisspider 词汇联想图 13 Whatwordsorphraseswouldyouchangeoraddtomakeitmorewelcoming 14 Howmanywordsfortime colour doyouhaveinyourownlanguage 15 Trytoworkoutthemeaningofthesewordsbeginningwith over 16 Whatwordswouldyousayfor mygoodness inyourownlanguage 何红书46 7页 国外教材词汇学习活动指令语摘抄 课堂教学改革的突破口 要改变课程实施过于强调接受学习 死记硬背 机械训练的现状 倡导学生主动参与 乐于探究 勤于动手 培养学生搜集和处理信息的能力 获取新知识的能力 分析和解决问题的能力以及交流与合作的能力 摘自 基础教育改革纲要 试行 转引自 光明日报 2001年6月7日 课堂教学应改变以教师为中心 单纯传授书本知识的教学模式 教师应帮助学生发展探究知识的能力 获取信息的能力和自主学习的能力 转引自 高中课标 2003 1 18 一 体验 参与 合作 探究的学习方式的特点是什么 1 体验式 参与式学习 Experientiallearning 的特点是 learninglanguagethroughexperiencingitinuseratherthanthroughfocusingconsciousattentiononlanguageitems 即让学生通过用目标语去做事来体验该语言的形式和使用规则例如 通过阅读英语小故事 连环画 听唱英文歌来识记英语中经常使用的单词和句型 参与一些小项目活动 亲自动手收集材料制作的英文贺卡或者给外国同龄人朋友用英文email通信等等 2 探究式 发现式学习 inquiryanddiscoverylearning 的特点是 involvelearnersininvestingenergyandattentioninordertodiscoversomethingaboutthelanguageforthemselves 即要学生自己动脑筋 花力气去寻找和发现语言的特点和规律而不是由老师首先介绍语言规则或给出答案 例如 让学生通过观察一批实例来总结英语的直接引语和间接引语的形式区别 要求学生在阅读英文小故事的时候留意是什么人在什么时候会使用情态动词must 在听日常英语对话录音时留意说话者在什么情况下可以使用省略句等等 3 体验 参与 合作 探究的学习方式的特点归纳 1 有问题的提出 但没有现成的 或唯一的答案 2 有用英语做事的过程 观察 收集 归类 分析 解释 3 有明显的结果并进行交流 对不同的结果展开讨论 说明理由 二 什么学习活动可以体现出这种学习方式 个案1 语法课段 说说 国际词 个案2 阅读教材 蝴蝶的故事个案3 课堂活动 人物描写 Myfriend Johnwasborninasmallvillageandstudiedinaschoolinatown Theschoolwasnotfarandhealwayswalkedthere Hisfatherboughtabikeforhimbuthedidn tliketouseit Threeyearsago whenJohnwasnine hisfatherfoundworkinthecity Hedroveacartothefactory Andhisfamilymovedthere ThisyearJohnbegantostudyinamiddleschool Heworkedhardathislessonsandalltheteachersandstudentslikehim Nowheenjoyslivingthere Onedayateachersaidinclass Ithinkyou reacleverboy John Doyouwanttoanswertwoeasyquestionsoradifficultone Adifficultone sir Well saidtheteacher wheredidaneggcomefrom Ahenlaidit Andwheredidthehencomefromthen Itisthesecondquestion sir saidJohn Pleaseanswerfivequestionsaccordingtothepassage WasJohnborninacityorinavillage Howdidhegotoschool Wheredidhisfatherfindajob HowdidJohnstudy WhatwasthedifficultquestiontheteacheraskedJohn 个案1 语法课段 说说 国际词 internationalwords 课段描述 1 要学生例举几个 国际词 名词 2 让学生听听几个英国人如何谈论 国际词 link1 3 让学生读读这段录音的文字材料 挑出里面的 国际词 并与自己原先例举的进行对比 link2 4 留意 国际词 后面的反馈语 把所有带that的句子划出来 link3 5 按照that在句子中的位置和前后搭配词特点进行分类 link4 点评 真实生活中的英语 熟悉简单的词 句 易懂形式归类组合 观察学生通过亲身体验和参与 构建起对that的使用知识 对比传统课本中的Thisisapen Thatisapencil 1 通读故事 link5 2 回答事实性问题 link6 3 回答推理性问题 link7 4 回答评价性问题 link8 点评 小故事的语言简单 但内容寓意深刻问题的设计有层次 观察 理解和探究的过程由浅入深 从易到难学生不但回答what 还要思考why 个案2阅读教材 蝴蝶的故事 Butterflies 录像观摩5分钟 link9 人物描写的3个层面 一般介绍 相貌衣着 喜好 与人关系 评价 link10 3 做事的策略指引 跳读式阅读 从图画变文字 超越课文信息 语言表达方式 创设合作学习环境 点评 有教师的帮助和指引有合作交流的过程从关注内容到关注语言形式 个案3课堂活动 描写插图故事中的人物 1 通过三个案例分析1 从生活话语中总结that的句型 2 对蝴蝶故事的三个层次提问 3 合作式的写作活动体验与参与 从被动学习到主动参与发现或构建知识的过程探究和发现 从简单的重复 记背到深入观察 理解2 自我反思 你能分出教材里阅读或听力理解练习题的深浅吗 你在堂上的提问有没有要求学生说说答案的理由 如果学生对于开放型的问题有不同答案 你会组织他们进一步探讨吗 三 小结与反思 新课程理念与初中英语课程改革 何安平主编 东北师范大学出版社 2002 68 79 高中英语课程改革理论与实践 何安平编著 东北师范大学出版社 2004 158 169 参考资料 THEEND Pizza Pizza Mhm Hamburger Mhm Mhm Whatabouttaxi Ohyes that sagoodone Erm Picnic Whataboutthat Ohyes that sagoodone Whatabout weekend Mhm Yes Hamburger Howaboutthat 英语本族语者谈 国际词 的录音文字片断 Ah we vedonethatone Gotthat Oh we vegotthat sorry Hotel Yes Hotel That sagoodone Stop Stop Mhmmhm Whataboutfootball Ohyes that sagoodone yes Ohyes definitely Ohdear Inthesamewaytennis Yes yes Ithinkthat s Andrugby Yeah Olympics That sGreek 英语本族语者谈 国际词 的录音片断 续 BACK Pizza Pizza Mhm Hamburger Mhm Mhm Whatabouttaxi Ohyes that sagoodone Erm Picnic Whataboutthat Ohyes that sagoodone Whatabout weekend Mhm Yes Hamburger Howaboutthat Ah we vedonethatone Gotthat Oh we vegotthat sorry 找出名词 Hotel Yes Hotel That sagoodone Stop Stop Mhmmhm Whataboutfootball Ohyes that sagoodone yes Ohyes definitely Ohdear Inthesamewaytennis Yes yes Ithinkthat s Andrugby Yeah Olympics That sGreek 找出名词 续 BACK Pizza Pizza Mhm Hamburger Mhm Mhm Whatabouttaxi Ohyes that sagoodone Erm Picnic Whataboutthat Ohyes that sagoodone Whatabout weekend Mhm Yes Hamburger Howaboutthat 找出带 that 的句子 Ah we vedonethatone Gotthat Oh we vegotthat sorry Hotel Yes Hotel That sagoodone Stop Stop Mhmmhm Whataboutfootball Ohyes that sagoodone yes Ohyes definitely Ohdear Inthesamewaytennis Yes yes Ithinkthat s Andrugby Yeah Olympics That sGreek 找出带 that 的句子 续 BACK 1 2 3 Howaboutthat We vedonethatone Ohyes that sagoodone Whataboutthat We vegotthat That sagoodone yes GotthatThat sGreek BACK 学生的归纳结果 Thegrandmotherplaitedhergranddaughter shairandthenshesaid Getyourlunch Putitinyourbag Getyourapple Youcomestraightbackafterschool straighthomehere Listentotheteacher shesaid Dowhatshesay Hergrandfatherwasoutonthestep Hewalkeddownthepathwithherandoutontothefootpath Hesaidtoaneighbor Ourgranddaughtergoestoschool Sheliveswithusnow She sfine theneighborsaid She sterrificwithhertwoplaitsinherhair Andclever thegrandfathersaid Writeseverydayinherbook She sfine theneighborsaid Thegrandfatherwaitedwithhisgranddaughterbythecrossingandthenhesaid Gotoschool Listentotheteacher Dowhatshesay 蝴蝶的故事 Whenthegranddaughtercamehomefromschoolhergrandfatherwashoeingroundthecabbages Hergrandmotherwaspickingbeans Theystoppedtheirwork Youbringyourbookhome thegrandmotherasked Yes Youwriteyourstory Yes What syourstory Aboutthebutterflies Getyourbook then Readyourstory Thegranddaughtertookherbookfromherschoolbagandopenedit Ikilledallthebutterflies sheread Thisismeandthisisallthebutterflies Andyourteacherlikeyourstory didshe Idon tknow Whatyouteachersay 蝴蝶的故事 续1 BACK Shesaidbutterfliesarebeautifulcreatures Theyhatchoutandflyinthesun Thebutterfliesvisitalltheprettyflowers shesaid Theylaytheireggsandthentheydie Youdon tkillbutterflies that swhatshesaid Thegrandmotherandgrandfatherwerequietforalongtime andtheirgranddaughter holdingthebook stoodquitestillinthewarmgarden Becauseyousee thegrandfathersaid yourteacher shebuyallhercabbagesfromthesupermarketandthat swhy 蝴蝶的故事 续2 BACK 第一层次 事实性问题 BACK 第二层次 推理性问题 BACK 第三层次 评价性问题 BACK 教师的指令语 Firstpoin