全国英语等级考试四级模拟试题完型填空.doc

完型填空模拟试题Passage 1The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is 41 the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of 42 breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may 44 unfavorable reactions in the listener 45 interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down. 46 inaccurate or indefinite words may make 47 difficult for the listener to understand the 48 which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49 to explain or describe in a 50 that can be understood by his listeners.41A of B at C for D on42A inaccessible B timely C likely D invalid43A encourages B prevents C destroy D offers44A pass out B take away C back up D stir up45A who B as C which D what46A Moreover B However C Preliminarily D Unexpectedly47A that B it C so D this48A speech B sense C message D meaning49A obscure B difficult C impossible D unable50A case B means C method D wayPassage 2Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all well understood, but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 . The new experiments, such as these 44 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM sleep.For example, it has long been known that total sleep 46 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, 47 examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now 48 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 49 bacterial infections of the blood, 50 their immune systemsthe selfprotecting mechanism against diseaseshad crashed.41A Either B Neither C Each D Any42A intended B required C assumed D inferred43A subtle B obvious C mysterious D doubtful44A maintained B described C settled D afforded45A in the light B by virtue C with the exception D for the purpose46A reduction B destruction C deprivation D restriction47A upon B by C through D with48A paid attention to B caught sight of C laid emphasis on D cast light on49A develop B produce C stimulate D induce50A if B as ifC only if D if onlyPassage 3Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.They do not provide energy, 41 do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for 42 foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if 43 is missing a deficiency disease becomes 44 .Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 45 nitrogen. They are different 46 their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin 47 one or more specific functions in the body. 48 enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 49 vitamins. Many people, 50 , believe in being on the “safe side” and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs.41. A) either B) soC) norD) never42. A) shifting B) transferring C) altering D) transforming43. A) any B) someC) anything D) something44. A) serious B) apparent C) severe D) fatal45. A) mostly B) partially C) sometimes D) rarely46. A) in that B) so that C) such that D) except that47. A) undertakes B) holds C) plays D) performs48. A) Supplying B) Getting C) Providing D) Furnishing49. A) exceptional B) exceeding C) excess D) external50. A) nevertheless B) therefore C) moreover D) meanwhilePassage 4Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the worlds largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people 41 into the offices and factories of America, seeking a days work for a days pay. One day at a time. 42 industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive 43 reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming. 44 its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This “ 45 ” work force is the most important 46 in American business today, and it is 47 changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 49 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of 50 that came from being a loyal employee.41. A) swarmB) strideC) separateD) slip42. A) For B) Because C) As D) Since 43. A) from B) in C) on D) by44. A) Even though B) Now that C) If only D) Provided that45. A) durable B) disposable C) available D) transferable46. A) approach B) flow C) fashion D) trend47. A) instantly B) reversely C) fundamentally D) sufficiently48. A) but B) while C) and D) whereas 49. A) imposed B) restricted C) illustrated D) confined50. A) excitement B) conviction C) enthusiasm D) importancePassage 5Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 41 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 42 man. But they insisted that its 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, 47 , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 48 history and economics, have 49 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 50 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.41. A admitted B believed C claimed D predicted42. A plain B average C mean D normal43. A momentary B prompt C instant D immediate44. A bulk B host C gross D magnitude45. A On B With C For D By46. A broadly B thoroughly C generally D completely47. A however Bmeanwhile C therefore D moreover48. A at B in C about D for49. A manifested B approved C shown D speculated50. A noted B impressed C labeled D markedPassage 6Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies 41 low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42 and active. When the work is well done, a 43 of accident-free operations is established 44 time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.Successful safety programs may 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by 46 rules or regulations. 47 others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety 48 . The fewer the injury 49 , the better the workmans insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 50 or at a loss.41. Aat BinConDwith42. AaliveBvividCmobileDdiverse43. AregulationBclimateCcircumstanceDrequirement44. AwhereBhowCwhatDunless45. AalterBdifferCshiftDdistinguish46. AconstitutingBaggravatingCobservingDjustifying47. ASomeBManyCEvenDStill48. Acomes offBturns upCpays offDholds up49. AclaimsBreportsCdeclarationsDproclamations50. Aan advantageBa benefitCan interestDa profitPassage 7If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 42 he produces a surplus.He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45 the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation 46 and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47 . He must either sell some of his property or 48 extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 49 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable.41Aother than Bas well asCinstead ofDmore than42Aonly ifBmuch asClong beforeDever since43AforBagainstCofDtowards44AreplaceBpurchaseCsupplementDdispose45AenhanceBmixCfeedDraise46AvesselsBroutesCpathsDchannels47Aself-confidentBself-sufficient Cself-satisfiedDself-restrained48AsearchBsaveCofferDseek49AproportionBpercentageCrateDratio50AgenuinelyBobviouslyCpresumablyDfrequentlyPassage 8The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 38 sufficient control. 39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges, he said.Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts.31A as to B for instance C in particular D such as32A tightening B intensifying C focusing D fastening33A sketch B rough C preliminary D draft34A illogical B illegal C improbable D improper35A publicity B penalty C popularity D peculiarity36A since B if C before D as37A sided B shared C complied D agreed38A present B offer C manifest D indicate39A Release B Publication C Printing D Exposure40A storm B rage C flare D flash41A translation B interpretation C exhibition D demonstration42A better than B other than C rather than D sooner than43A changes B makes C sets D turns44A binding B convincing C restraining D sustaining45A authorized B credited C entitled D qualified46A with B to C from D by47A impact B incident C inference D issue48A stated B remarked C said D told49A what B when C which D that50A assure B confide C ensure D guaranteePassage 9Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21 . As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 28 . It is important to do so.It is generally recognized, 29 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s,radically changed the process, 31 its impact on the media was not immediately 32 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal too, as well as 33 , with display becoming sharper and storage 34 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much 36 .It was within the computer age that the term “information society began to be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 39 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits have been weighed 40 “harmful outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.21. A between B before Csince D later22. A after B by C during D until23. A means B method C medium D measure 24. A process B company C light D form 25. A gathered B speeded C worked D picked26. A on B outC over D off 27. A of B for C beyond D into28. A concept B dimension C effectD perspective29. A indeed B henceC however D therefore30. A broughtB followed C stimulated D characterized31. A unlessB sinceC lest D although32. A apparent B desirable C negativeD plausible33. A institutionalB universal C fundamental D instrumental34. A abilityB capabilityC capacity Dfaculty 35. A by means ofB in terms of C with regard to D in line with36. A deeperB fewer C nearer D smaller37. A context B range C scope D territory38. A regardedB impressedC influencedD effected39. A competitiveB controversial C distracting D irrational40. Aabove B upon C against D withPassage 10Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring bo