主谓一致 (2).doc

.主谓一致一、并列主语的主谓一致1、两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如： Tom and Jack were close friends.2. 两个单数名词用and连接， 第二个名词前不加冠词，表示同一人、同一物或同一个概念，或表示不可分割的一个整体时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.3. 被every, each, many a, no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 Each boy and each girl has an apple. Many a teacher and (many a) student has seen the film. 4. 一个单数名词或不可数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如： Simple and plain living is a fine quality. English and American literature are appealing to her.5. 由and连接的两个what从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如： What he says and does do not agree. What he says and does does not concern me.6. 由or, nor, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also连接的并列主语，通常根据就近一致原则， 谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它临近的主语的数保持一致。如： One or two friends are coming this evening. A cigar or a cigarette is very enjoyable. Neither I nor he is in favor of her marriage. Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.7. “名词+with, along with, together with, as well as, rather, but, except等+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与第一个名词保持一致。如： Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. Dr. Smith, together with his wife, is to arrive on the evening.二、某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 1. 集体名词family, class, crew, team, group, audience, crowd, government, committee等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据主语所指的意义而定。当把集体名词当做一个整体来看待时，谓语动词常用单数形式；如果指其中各个成员时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如： The class consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girls. The class are doing experiments. 2. 有些集体名词，如cattle, folk, people, police, poultry(家禽)等作主语时，总是跟复数动词形式。如： The people hope to live a happy life. The police have caught the criminal.3. 由两部分构成的表示物体的名词，如trousers, pants, jeans, compasses, glasses, shorts 等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of 或two/three.pairs of 来修饰，谓语动词在数上要与pair保持一致。如： These trousers need cleaning. Your glasses are very nice. This pair of trousers is mine. Here are some new pairs of shoes. 三、“名词（或代词）+of+名词”作主语时的主谓一致1. 由“some of/plenty of/a lot of/lots of/the rest of/all of/half of/part of/the remainder of(或分数百分数+of)+名词”作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。如： The rest of the lecture is dull. The rest of the bicycles are on sale today. A mass/Masses of information has been revealed. A mass/Masses of books are kept in the library.注意：1）all单独做主语时，其谓语动词一致关系一般要遵循意义一致的原则。如： All was silent. 万籁俱寂。 All were silent. 大家都沉默着。 2）population表示“人口数量”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式；当它前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，它作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如： The population of Canada is about 29 million. About eight percent of the population of this country are peasants.2. 由“a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of+名词”和“名词+of this kind”，以及与kind意义相似的type, sort, form, part, piece, section等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。如： A kind of birds has been discovered by them. This kind of apples is expensive. Apples of this kind are expensive. 3. 当“a number of/a variety of/varieties of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。但当“the number of或the variety of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： A number of new houses have been built there. There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop. The number of the people who know the secret is very limited. The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising.4.“a large amount of/large amounts of +不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。“a large quantity of +可数名词复数/不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词根据所修饰名词来决定。 “large quantities of +可数名词复数/不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。 5. “the majority of +”作主语时，谓语用复数。the majority 单独作主语时，谓语既可以用单数形式，也可用复数形式。如：An average of 3,000 people come to visit this famous school every year. 6. “a total of +复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用，意思是“总共有.”; “the total of +复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用，意思是 “的总数”。如： A total of 300 letters were received last month. The total of letters received lat month was 300. 四、某些表示数量的名词作主语时的主谓一致 1、表示时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等的名词的复数形式作主语时，通常当做整体来看待，谓语动词用单数。如： Twenty years is a long time in ones life. Forty miles was covered in a single night. 20,000 dollars is not a small sum of money. 2. 表示数量的 “one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，其谓语动词用单数。如： One and a half bananas is left on the table.3.“a/an+单数名词+or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。“one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：A student or two has failed the exam One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon.4. “more+复数名词+than one” 作主语时，谓语常用复数 More members than one have protested against the plan. 5. 当 “many a/more than one +单数名词”作主语时，尽管其意义是复数概念，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose. More than one person is involved in the matter.五、复合句中的主谓一致1. 由what 引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。另外，当其他名词性从句或谓语动词短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：What he said leaves much for us to think about.That I shall work with you is a great pleasure.2. 定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词的单复数形式保持一致。 1）one of +复数名词+关系代词+动词复数形式 如： The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors. Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood. 2) the only one of +复数名词+关系代词+动词单数形式 The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen form the moon. Titanic is the only one of the wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.注意：not the only one of.=one of.如： Tom isnt the only one of the boys who have passed the exam. =Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam. 3) 当关系代词as与which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句内容时，若as与which做主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式，如： Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all. He has passed the college entrance examination, which makes his parents quite happy. 4) 其他情况： I, who am your teacher, will try my best to help you. To own a computer in families, which we thought was impossible twenty years ago, now becomes true. 实战演练： 一、填空 1. He is the only one of the students who _(have) passed the exam. 2. He is not the only one of the students who _(have) passed the exam. 3. I, who _(be)very busy, cant help them at the moment. 4. As _(be) known to everybody, Taiwan is part of China. We must unify it. 5. The idea, which I think _(be) reasonable, was brought up by Professor Li yesterday. 6. I still remember the teachers and the school that _(be) talked of yesterday evening. 7. All we need _(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. 8. The famous musician, as well as his students, _(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. 9. Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _(be) essential to their development. 10. All the scientific evidence _(show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ (be)damaging our health. 11. The basketball coach, as well as his team, _(be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. 12. One-third of the country _(be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _(be) black people. 13. It is reported that many a new house _(build) at present in the disaster area. 14. The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _ (suggest) that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. 15. Saving money _ (be) what you need to do before you walk out of the difficulty.二、改错题1. My friend Ann, together with me, are going to have a picnic.2. Our group is all going to visit the chimps in the forest.3. Three years in a strange country seem like a long time.4. The number of people dying of cancer have been increasing.5. The old is taken good care of in this country.6. The professor and writer are going to make a speech at the conference.7. Katia, like many other Ru