海上钢琴师——存在主义人生哲学的解析.doc

海上钢琴师存在主义人生哲学的解析摘要20世纪末，全世界出现了反思西方现代文明的高潮。受这这种思绪的影响，意大利导演朱塞佩托纳托雷创作了海上钢琴师，成功塑造了1900这个传奇人物形象，让他从海洋上看陆地，在自然处看文明。本文研究了电影海上钢琴师中蕴含的存在主义人生哲学思想。首先，文章介绍了故事发生时的历史背景，并分析了在这样的社会背景与存在主义人生哲学盛行的关系。文章简要叙述了影片的故事梗概，使读者对影片有进一步的认识。同时，分析了电影中的三个关键词。其次，介绍了两位重要存在主义哲学家的主要理论，并应用这些理论对电影进行进一步的分析。并且阐述了存在主义人生哲学中的积极方面。再次，分析不同的选择对于电影中人物命运的不同意义，以及不同人物的幸福观。最后，从存在主义的角度，结合作者对存在主义人生哲学的认识，对一些常见的困扰人们的问题提出了解决方法，指出了存在主义哲学独特的观点以及对我们的诸多启示，强调了其对人生的积极推动作用。 关键词：存在主义； 爱情； 自由； 选择；萨特； 海德格尔The Legend of 1900: An Analysis of the Existentialist Philosophy of Human LifeABSTRACTIn the end of the 20th century, the world reached the climax in the reflection of modern western civilization. The Italian director Giuseppe Tornatore created the movie named The Legend of 1900 which was impacted by this kind of thoughts and successfully created the legend image of 1900. The director let him observe the land from the ocean, and examine the civilization from the nature. And this paper analyzed the existentialist philosophy of human life in The Legend of 1900. Firstly, the paper introduced the historical background of the story and analyzed the relationship between the social background and the prevalence of the existentialist philosophy of human life. And at the same time, the author analyzed three key words in the film. Secondly, this paper introduced two important existentialist philosophers and their main theories, and applied these theories to films for further analysis. And this paper also gave the positive aspects on existentialist philosophy of human life. Thirdly, the paper analyzed the different significances for the fate of the characters in the movie based on the different options they made in their life, as well as the different concepts of Happiness in different people. And finally, from the existentialist point of view, the author gave some solutions to the common problems which people would have been encountered in the ordinary life. And these suggestions were combined with the authors understanding of the existentialist philosophy of human life. And at last this paper pointed out the unique characteristics of existentialist philosophy of human life as well as a lot of inspirations for us and emphasized its positive promoting role in human life.Key words: Existentialist； love； freedom； choice； Sartre；HeideggerContentsIntroduction . 1 Chapter 1. The Analysis of the Movie . 21.1 The Brief Introduction of The Legend of 1900 . 2 1.1.1 The Background of the Story . 21.1.2 The Introduction of the Hero . 31.2 The Analysis of the Key Words in This Movie . 5 1.2.1 Freedom . 51.2.2 Love . 6 1.2.3 Existence . 8Chapter 2. Analyze the Movie in the Theory of Existentialist Philosophy.92.1 The Brief Introduction of Existentialist Philosophy of Human Life . 92.1.1 Sartres “Three Principles of Existentialism” . 92.1.2 Heideggers Theories.112.2 The Positive Aspects in This Philosophy .13Chapter 3. The Signification of Different Choice in Fate andHappiness.14 3.1 The Fate of the Characters in the Film and the Signification of These Selections for Their Fate.143.2 Analysis of the Different Happiness in Different People.15Chapter 4. Solutions to the Problems .16Conclusion .17Bibliography .19Acknowledgements .2121IntroductionWhen people make decisions in life, it is just like choosing between the two sides of the same coin. One chooses one side, and he must give up the other side. The birth of tragedy lies in this unique and non-selective choice. In this sense, one will be more or less experience tragedy. And based on this practical situation, the discussion of the meaning of tragedy and our philosophy of life becomes more crucial and useful. The existentialist philosophy is human-centered. It respects the individuality and freedom of human being and interprets the problem in society, life and the development of human being in a new way. Although there are negative aspects, we can select the essence and take the responsibilities after the choices we make. In the movie The Legend of 1900, the fate of the different figures are glad or sad but these are their own choices, and everyone should take responsibilities by himself, no one can let others to bear the consequences.One can get a deeper thinking about life through the research on this issue. And as a kind of visual art, movie expresses a way of thinking in a more directly way. And the combination of theory and art practice can provide people a way to solve the life problems.This study will let people have a deeper understanding of this classical film and grasp the philosophy it wants to express. In this paper, the author revealed the contemporary human beings dilemma through different figures choices in the story based on the existentialist philosophy which is popular when the story took place. And the author tried to use the positive aspects of this philosophy to provide a new way of thinking about life.Chapter 1. The Analysis of the Movie1.1 The Brief Introduction of The Legend of 1900The movie The Legend of 1900 is adapted based on the Italian playwright Alessandro Bariccos drama. And the director is Giuseppe Tornatore who is also Italian. The story is written against the two world wars. These two world wars threatened the survival of human being and the human dignity had been trampled in the war. The post-war economic depression and various social problems deepen the psychological shadow of human and shaped a general sense of crisis. And the existentialist philosophy was started in Germany in 1920s and flourished after the Second World War. Existentialism was very popular in 1960s in Europe and has spread to 1970s. The time is very close to the youth of the original author and director; both of them were born in the late 1950s. It is very normal that great masters literature and art concepts were affected by this philosophy trend.1.1.1 The Background of the StoryIn 1890, the United States had become the worlds number one economic giant. And the per capita income in the United States was more than Europe in 1900; it had become one of the tyrants of the world economy. At the same time, the worlds scientific centers transferred from Europe to USA. The United States had become a paradise for dreamers and gamblers; they came from every corner of the world, looking for wealth.In 1900, nearly 14% of 76 million people were born abroad in USA. And the immigration was a crucial element to make the United States economy maintain strong. In the first decade of the 20th century, there were more than 100 million immigrants flew into the United States by sea each year. This is the background when the pianist was born; he was also an abandoned son of an immigrant.In the movie, the only friend of the pianist named Max asked him whether he was still playing in the war. And the war referred to the First World War. World War I broke out from August 4, 1914 and ended in November 11, 1918.In the First World War, the United States accepted orders from a large number of countries. From June 1914 to June 1917, the foreign trade surplus of the United States increased from 430 million U.S. dollars to 3.56 billion U.S. dollars. Up to 1919, there were more than 20 countries in the world borrowed money from the United States. The financial center of the world had begun to transfer from London to the Wall Street. In 1933, pianists friend Max went to pawn his trumpet. And the background was that the economic crisis had begun in the United States after the collapse of the stock market in New York, and quickly engulfed the entire capitalist world. Early in 1933, more than 18,000 banks deposited totally 41 billion U.S. dollars, while the inventory of cash were less than six billion U.S. dollars, and radically could not cope with depositors withdrawals. Up to early March, more than 6,000 banks went bankrupt and the American public was in a panic. Products had been piled mountain high and could not been sold at all. At the same time, there was a significant reduction in the number of the oversea immigrants. And this year, the pianist sacrificed his own life for the ship.Under the intensification of the economic crisis, a variety of basic contradictions begun sharpen increasingly. And in 1937, World War II broke out.1.1.2 The Introduction of the HeroA boy was abandoned in a steamship called Virginian and a kind black worker adopted him. That day was exactly the New Years Day in 1900, so the worker named the child T.D.Lemon 1900. As human living in society, our first and last name usually have profound historical and cultural backgrounds which including geographic, national, ethnic, family and so on and so fourth and to some extent marks the orders and rules forming in the gradually development of the community. But 1900 as a name is a great difference which is distinguished from all mortal beings in land. This name as a symbol has a special link with the whole 20th century.Born at sea and then abandoned, 1900 had no family, no residence and no nationality and the sea was his cradle. He was a person never exist to the people on land. 1900 had a kind foster father but died in a maritime accident and the 8-year-old 1900 became an orphan again.And one time, 1900 came to the French window of the first class dance hall involuntarily. He saw the piano, the instrument which intertwined with his whole life by the first time. From then on, Virginian carried 1900 and the music he played by his soul, voyaged between Europe and the United States.Max, another hero in the film, added to the accompaniment of the band in Virginian and met the legendary pianist. The two quickly became good friends. After competed with the legendary pianist named Jelly who was the inventor of jazz, 1900 got the zenith. Although Max encouraged 1900 to disembark and show his talent to the world over and over again, he had never set foot on the land. When 1900 recorded his first solo album, he saw a beautiful girl standing outside the window, and the sad moment she revealed was deeply fascinated him. He played the wonderful improvisation which was the most moving music in the entire film. 1900 wanted to give this album to the girl, but did not succeed because of the introverted personality. All the things he could do was just to see the girl disembark.Afterward, Max came to land to find happiness. And accidentally, he heard Virginian was to be destroyed because of the full service. Max guessed that 1900 must be still on board, so went to find him and the two old friends finally met each other. Although Max strongly persuaded, 1900 still wanted to stay with the ship. He said that, “Land is a ship too big for me. Its a woman too beautiful; its a voyage too long, a perfume too strong. Its a music I dont know how to make.” He could not see the end of the land. And finally, 1900 said goodbye to his best friend and sat calmly on the explosives, sacrificed his own life to the ship he never left from birth to die.1.2 The Analysis of the Key Words in This Movie1.2.1 FreedomThe exploration about the meaning of freedom was existed at every phase in the history of human thought. This is not only an inevitable outcome of the development of individual thought, but also the result of the thinking of the contradictions between individual and society which are promoted by the social conditions deeply. In the west, Sartres existentialist freedom impacted widely and the core idea was the free choice of human being. Sartre thought human are absolutely free. And in the traditional philosophy, freedom is the symbol that human gets the highest spiritual and aesthetic realm.In the early 20th century, the industrial civilization impacted peoples life greatly. Countless European immigrants displaced from their hometowns toward to the United States and to search for a better future with countless possibilities. People are always thirsting for freedom and the more difficult to possess the more precious. But people will never know the meaning of true freedom. True freedom is in our hearts.On one occasion, Max advised 1900 to disembark and 1900 replied “I think you land people waste a lot of time wondering why. Winter comes and you cant wait for summer. And in summer you live in dread of winter. Thats why you never tired of traveling and chasing some places far away where is always summer. ” Once the immigration on board who tried to escape from poverty, political oppression or mental shackles saw the Statue of Liberty, their hearts were full of happiness. And the joy they had shown was just demonstrated the hard living conditions. People are always imaging they can live in some else places and always searching for other peoples pursuit. They only want to go other places and finally lost the things real belong to them. While 1900 just stick to the ship and music and tenaciously defend the purity of his soul and the freedom of his heart.1900 was always able to foresee which person among the passengers on board would be the first one to see the Statue of Liberty. For many times, he saw the pleasure and joy when people had seen the Statue of Liberty. But people would never conscious that 1900 was the first person to see the Statue of Liberty because the liberty in his heart has always been accompanied with him. In our view, the freedom which 1900 got from music and ocean is unmatchable.1900 had a free, calm and confident disposition because of living on the boundless sea and the floating vessel. He held the attitude contempt for any social rules and regulations even the social civilization. From “fuck the regulations” to “fuck the jazz” and “fuck the war” until proved “fuck the land” by his death. His capacity as a traitor was gradually coming out. At first it was the contempt to the ways of the world and then gradually evolved into the reflection about music and art with the experience of his life constantly deepening and at last evolved into the interrogation of the war. And finally, he questioned the values of modern civilization by sacrificing his life.1.2.2 LoveIn The Prophet, Gibran wrote: “Love gives naught but itself and takes naught but from itself. Love possesses not nor would it be possessed; for love is sufficient unto love.” And similarly, the existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartres theory is that love is in the direction of possessing others freedom and love is the integration of two kind of different sense.Love in Sartres theory is based on the freedom that people can experience in the process of a love affair. And the understanding of Sartres philosophy of love will help us get a great inspiration to correctly treat love. Love is in the direction of possessing others freedom. This idea demonstrates clearly that the life of love is freedom. And freedom as the character of love requires us to constantly update the commitment of love. We should ensure that both sides in love can pursuit self-sustained development and safeguard each others sustainable development. This kind of love not only makes the two sides realize the personality, but also demonstrates the meaning of love, because it establishes the responsibility of freedom.There is such a plot in the movie that 1900 was cutting a disc and inadvertently saw a beautiful girl standing outside the window, the slight breeze blowing her blonde soft hair, so fresh and so pure. He gazed at the girl and the fingers moved lightly on the piano. And the music he played was so perfect and quiet and like the melody from Angels. The deep emotion came from 1900s heart was just like a little boys puppy love. But he did not tell the girl his feeling. People can not help asking, can not the wandering life afford for a love? In the movie, 1900 was just going to disembark and complete the expected love story. But he stopped because of that kind of life was certainly not the life belongs to him. He can not leave his world and only the sea, the piano and the music can express the love. In 1900s heart, this girl was just like a free angel came into his life. The secular trend is to possess the freedom of others and in this way, 1900 had to come to land to possess the girl. And if he disembarked, he would have to put himself in the secular affairs. He was used to the free life style and could not tolerate the worldly life. He said:“ Land is a ship too big for me, Its a woman too beautiful, a bridge too long, perfume to strong, music I dont know how to play. I can never get off this ship. At best, I didnt step off my life. After all, I dont exist for anyone. ”1.2.3 ExistenceWhy do human exist? What is the meaning of this existence? As Milan Kundera said in The Unbearable Lightness of Being, human can never know what he wants, because human can only live once, and neither can compare with the previous life, nor revise it in the next life. Some people say that 1900 is too weak to try things in life unknown, because the unknown is not always necessarily horrible and ugly, yet there is probably something better, for example, the beautiful love between 1900 and the girl and the pure friendship between 1900 and Max. These things are people looking forward in life. 1900 hesitated whether he should stay on the ocean or go to the land, but finally he did not disembark, because there is no comparison of past life and no amendments in the next life. 1900 heard the voice from the soul and made the selection. F