四级翻译范文.doc

精品文档红色在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系。然而，红色并不总是代表好运与快乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。1. 象征：symbolize2. 长寿：longevity3. 春节：the Spring Festival4. 喜庆场合：happy occasions5. 现金：cash6. 装在红色信封里：enclosed in a red envelope7. 中国革命和共产党：Chinas revolution and the Communist Party8. 代表：mean/stand for9. 死者：the dead/dead people10. 冒犯：offensive高分版：In Chinese culture, red symbolizes good luck, longevity and happiness. Therefore, red can be seen everywhere on the Spring Festival and other happy occasions. Cash is often enclosed in a red envelope when given as a gift to family members and close friends. Another reason why red is popular in China is that people connect it with Chinas revolution and the Communist Party. However, red does not always mean good luck and happiness because in the old days, names of the dead were written in red, and thus writing Chinese names in red is considered an offensive act.普通版：In Chinese culture, red means good luck, long life and happiness. Red can be seen everywhere on the Spring Festival and other happy occasions. People give cash to family members and close friends. The cash is often put in a red envelope. There is another reason why red is popular in China. People connect it with Chinas revolution and the Party. However, red does not always mean good luck and happiness because in the past names of dead people were written in red. Writing Chinese names in red is thought to be impolite.黄色在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。在封建（feudal）社会中，它象征统治者的权力和权威。那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。在中国，黄色也是收获的象征。秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收。1. 象征意义：symbolic meaning/signify2. 统治者：rulers3. 权力和权威：power and authority4. 皇帝：the emperor5. 皇家宫殿：the royal palace6. 漆：paint7. 皇袍：the imperial robe8. 收获：harvest9. 成熟：ripe/mature10. 田野：field11. 丰收：good harvest高分版：In Chinese culture, yellow is a very important color because of its unique symbolic meaning. In feudal society, it symbolizes the rulers power and authority. At that time, yellow was the color for the emperor. The royal palace was entirely painted yellow and the imperial robe was always yellow too, but common people were forbidden to wear yellow clothes. In China, yellow also symbolizes harvest. When crops are ripe in autumn, fields turn entirely golden. People celebrates the good harvest happily.普通版：In Chinese culture, yellow is a very important color because of its special symbolic meaning. In feudal society, it shows the emperors power and authority. At that time, yellow was the color for the emperor. The royal palace was entirely painted yellow and the emperors clothes were always yellow too, but common people were not permitted to wear yellow clothes. In China, yellow also means harvest. When crops are ripe in autumn, fields turn entirely golden. People celebrates the good harvest happily.白色随着中国的改革开放，如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。新娘在婚礼上穿着白色婚纱，因为白色被认为是纯洁的象征。然而，在中国传统文化中，白色经常是葬礼上使用的颜色。因此务必记住，白花一定不要用作祝人康复的礼物，尤其不要送给老年人或危重病人。同样，礼金也不能装在白色信封里，而要装在红色信封里。1. 改革开放：the Reform and Opening-up2. 西式婚礼：western wedding ceremonies3. 新娘：the bride4. 白色婚纱：white wedding gown5. 纯洁：purity6. 葬礼：funerals7. 康复：recovery8. 危重病人：patients in critical conditions9. 礼金：cash gift10. 装在信封里：packed in the envelope高分版：With the Reform and Opening-up of China, many young people nowadays like to hold western wedding ceremonies. The bride wears white wedding gown because white is considered to symbolize purity. However, in tradition Chinese culture, white is the color for funerals. So, do bear in mind, white flowers should not be used as a gift to celebrate someones recovery, especially not for the aged or those who are seriously ill. Similarly, cash, as a gift, should be enclosed in red envelopes rather than white ones.普通版：With the Reform and Opening-up of China, many young people today like western wedding ceremonies. The lady wears white wedding dress because white is thought to mean purity. However, in tradition Chinese culture, white is the color used when people die. So, remember, white flowers should not be used as a gift for someones recovery, especially not for old people or those who are seriously ill. Also, when cash is used as a gift, it should not be put in white envelopes but in red ones.【翻译原文】我们的身体夜晚需要休息，白天需要清醒。大多数人每晚需要8到8.5个小时的睡眠才能正常运转。找到更多的时间、更好的睡眠方法可能是个挑战。科学家已经确认了80多种不同的睡眠紊乱症(sleep disorders)。有些睡眠紊乱症是遗传的。但是，许多睡眠紊乱症是由于熬夜，经常跨时区旅行以及上夜班而引起的。【参考译文】Our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives.Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleeping disorders are genetic. But many problems are caused by staying up late and by traveling frequently between time zone or by working nights.【重点表达】正常运转 function properly找到更多的时间、更好的睡眠方法 find ways to get more and better sleep熬夜 stay up late经常跨时区旅行 travel frequently between time zone上夜班 work nights四级翻译预测（三）：三国时期三国（公元220-280年）时期，魏、蜀、吴三足鼎立。为了进一步将这三国与同时期的其他几国区分开来，历史学家们为三国各添加了一位相关人物：魏又为曹魏，蜀即为蜀汉，吴亦称东吴。各国最终的统治者并不是皇帝，而是自称是汉朝合法继承人的君主们。14世纪，罗贯中著有三国演义，被誉为中国古典四大名著之一，八十万字，一百二十章，描写的正是这段时期的历史风云。重点词组：三足鼎立：a tripartite division between合法继承人：the legitimate successor中国古典四大名著：Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature被誉为：be acclaimed as这段时期的历史风云：the events in the turbulent years of that period教研解析：Back to the time of the Three Kingdoms (AD 220280), there was a tripartite division between the states of Wei, Shu, and Wu. To further distinguish the three states from others during the same period, historians have added a relevant Chinese character to their names: Wei is also known as Cao Wei, Shu is also known as Shu Han, and Wu is also known as Dong (or Eastern) Wu. Each state was ultimately headed not by a king, but by an emperor who claimed to be the legitimate successor to the Han dynasty. Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. With a grand total of 800,000 words and 120 chapters, the novel has depicted the events in the turbulent years of that period.四级翻译预测题（二）：20年前，很多人对创业者（entrepreneur）的态度是不理解和不信任。但是现在，这个形势已经发生了根本的变化。不仅人们对创业者的态度发生了变化，同时在政策上有很多扶持，也有很多的奖项来表彰创业者。现在如果一个有志青年去创业，他会受到很多赞许的目光，我们会为他鼓劲、加油。一些扶持政策也会帮助他成功创业，在社会舆论环境上，方方面面都给现在的创业者提供了一个非常好的一个平台。教研参考译文：20 years ago, many people did not understand or trust entrepreneurs. But now the situation has radically changed. Not only has peoples attitude towards entrepreneurs changed, but also there are a lot of support in terms of policy and many awards to commend their achievements. Now if an aspiring young person wants to start a business, he or she will receive a lot of praise. People will cheer for him or her. He or she will get policy support as well. In terms of public opinion environment, besides many other favorable aspects, a very good platform has been created for entrepreneurs today.教研词句点拨：政策上有很多扶持：a lot of support in terms of policy表彰创业者：commend their achievements有志青年：aspiring young person社会舆论环境：public opinion environment四级翻译预测（四）：中国医疗改革我国已经织起了世界上最大的基本医疗保障网，2015年，城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险、新型农村合作医疗3项基本医疗保险参保人数超过13亿，参保率保持在95%以上，较2010年提高了3个百分点。2015年新农合、城镇居民医保人均筹资增加到500元左右，其中政府补助标准提高到380元，比2010年（120元）增长了2.2倍。2014年3项基本医疗保险住院费用政策范围内报销比例均达到70%以上。实施城乡居民大病保险，全面建立疾病应急救助制度。教研解析：China has woven the largest basic health care network in the world. In 2015, over 1.3 billion people participated in Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance, Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance, and New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance. The insured rate remained at more than 95 percent, increasing by 3 percentage points compared with that of 2010. In 2015, NRCMI and URBMI per capita funding increased to 500 yuan, with an increase to 380 yuan in government subsidies, which has grown by 2.2 times compared to the figure in 2010 (120 yuan). In 2014, more than 70 percent of hospitalization expenses were reimbursable under the three basic medical insurances policy. Critical illness insurance program for urban and rural residents has been implemented. Disease emergency relief system has been full established.四级翻译预测题 （一）：请将下面这段中文翻译成英文：中国土地广阔，人口众多。尽管全国都讲汉语，但是不同地区的人说汉语的方式不同，这被称为方言。方言一般被称为地方话，是汉语在不同地区的分支，只在特定地区使用。汉语方言非常复杂。它们有以下三方面不同：发音、词汇和语法。发音的区别最为显著。2000多年前，中国人发现社交时应该使用同一的语言。和方言相比，普通话能被所有人理解。普通话有利于不同种族、地区人民之间的信息传递和文化交流。教研参考译文：China has a vast land and a large population. Even though the Chinese language is spoken all over the country, people in different areas speak it in different ways, which are called dialects. Generally called local languages, dialects are branches of the Chinese language in different regions, and are only used in certain areas. Dialects of the Chinese language are very complicated. They differ from each other in three aspects: pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. And the difference in pronunciation is the most outstanding. Over 2000 years ago, Chinese people realized that a common language should be used in social activities. Compared with dialects, mandarin can be understood by all people in China. The use of mandarin can contribute to information transmission and cultural exchange between ethnic groups and people in different places.教研词句点拨：1、中国土地广阔，人口众多China has a vast land and a large population2、A在不同地区的分支branches of A in different regions3、信息传递information transmission4、文化交流cultural exchange5、社交活动social activities请将下面这段中文翻译成英文：中国五年前根本没有高速铁路。但是现在高铁列车(high-speed trains)的票经常很快就售罄，尽管发车间隔比较短。人们能够很方便地以两倍于美国火车最髙速的速度在全国周游。高速铁路系统的运菅非常成功，它运载的乘客是全国民航 (civil aviation)系统运载的乘客的两倍。中国有世界上最先进的、低排放的快速运输系统之一，而做到这一点仅仅用了五年。参考译文：China didnt have a high-speed rail five years ago.But now the tickets of high-speed trains are usually sold out very quickly, even though the departure interval is quite short.And people can conveniently travel around the nation at a speed that doubles the speed of the fastest American train.The operation of high-speed rail system is very successful; it carries twice as many passengers as the nations civil aviation system.China has one of the most advanced rapid transit systems with low emissions in the world, and it only takes five years to achieve this.词句点拨1. 但是现在高铁列车的票经常很快就售罄，尽管发车间隔比较短:“售罄”可译 为sell out，意为“卖完了，卖光了”；“发车间隔”译为departure interval。2. 人们能够很方便地以两倍于美国火车最高速的速度在全国周游:“以.的速度”可译为at a speed.，speed意为“速度”;“两倍于”即“是.的两倍”，可译为double,也可译为twice。3. 高速铁路系统的运营非常成功，它运栽的乘客是全国民航系统运载的乘客的两倍:“运栽”可用carry来表示。“倍数+as+many/much/large等形容词+(比较的内容)+as”为英语中表达倍数时常用的结构，中间的形容词根据比较的内容来定，如比较大小则用as large as,表示“是.的两倍大”则为twice as large as。请将下面这段中文翻译成英文：据说如果地球上真有人间仙境，九寨沟(Jiuzhaigou Valley)定是其中之一。它有梦境般的风景：蓝色的湖泊、瀑布、翠绿的森林、白雪皑皑的山脉，还有藏族和羌族人民(the Tibetan and Qiang peoples)的民间习俗。九寨沟不仅仅有壮观的景色，还是九个藏族村寨的居住地，还有超过220种鸟类以及许多濒临灭绝的动植物物种。它在1992年被联合国教科文组织宣布为世界文化遗产。九寨沟一年四季的美景使它成为中国最著名的景点之一。参考译文：It is said that if there should be wonderlands on the earth, Jiuzhaigou Valley must be one of them. It has dreamlike scenery, which combines blue lakes,waterfalls, verdant forests, snow-covered mountains, and the folk customs of the Tibetan and Qiang peoples. More than just spectacular scenery, Jiuzhaigou Valley is home to nine Tibetan villages, over 220 bird species as well as a number of endangered plant and animal species. Jiuzhaigou Valley was declared a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site in 1992. It provides spectacular scenery throughout four seasons of the year, making it one of Chinas most well-known scenic sites.词句点拨1.据说如果地球上真有人间仙境，九寨沟一定是其中之一:该句前半句的“如果”可判断出它表示与现在的事实相反，所以要用现在时的虚拟语气，即should+do的形式。其中“人间仙境”可译为wonderlands on the earth。2.九寨沟不仅仅有壮观的景色，还是九个藏族村寨的居住地，还有超过220种鸟类以及许多濒临灭绝的动植物物种：其中“不仅仅有”可译为more than,是“超过，多于”的意思。“的居住地”可以理解为“是的故乡”，故可用be home to表示，这是英语中常见的表达方式，如：China is home to the panda.(中国是熊猫的故乡。）3.九寨沟一年四季的美景使它成为中国最著名的景点之一:“一年四季的美景”可以翻译为所有格的形式，但译为it provides spectacular scenery throughout four seasons of the year,会使译文增色不少。后半句部分因前半句出现了谓语动词provide,所以可用making it来引导后半句，作句子的伴随状语。请将下面这段中文翻译成英文：国画(Chinese painting)是世界上最古老的艺术传统之一。绘画时用毛笔蘸黑墨或彩墨在纸张或丝绸上作画。根据表现手法，国画可分为写意派(the Xieyi school)和工笔派(the Gongbi school)两大类。写意派以自 由表达和形式夸张为特点；工笔派则注重以精细的笔法描绘细节。山水画被公认为国画的最高形式。纵观历史，不同时期的国画都相应地反映出人们的社会意识。参考译文：Chinese painting is one of the oldest artistic traditions in the world. The painting is done on paper or silk with a brush dipped in black or colored ink. According to the means of expression, Chinese paintings can be divided into two categories which are the Xieyi school and the Gongbi school. The Xieyi school is characterized by free expression and exaggerated forms, while the Gongbi school attaches importance to detail with fine brush work. Landscape painting is widely regarded as the highest form of Chinese painting. Throughout history, the Chinese paintings paintings at different times mirror peoples social consciousness accordingly.词句点拨1.第2句为无主语句，翻译时可补充出主语0ne，译作When painting, one uses a brush to dip it in black ink.，但这种译法显得较为繁冗。此处宜把时间状语“绘画时”转换成主句is done,“用毛笔蘸黑墨.”处理成方式状语，用介词短语with a brush dipped in black.来表达，这样句子更简洁、逻辑关系更强。2.在第3句中，“可分为几大类”可译为短语be divided into.categories；“写意派和工笔派”则可用定语从 句which are.来表达。3.第4句含有对比的并列结构，可用表对比的连词while来连接。该句中的“注重描绘细节”译成attach importance to detail即可达意，省译“描绘”；“以精细的笔法”是方式状语，可用介词短语with fine brush work来表达，置于句末。4.在最后一句中，定语“不同时期的”较长，可将其处理成后置定语，表达为at different times/periods。【翻译原文一】信息技术(information technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。【参考译文一】with full speed development of the information technology, chinese citizens pay more and more attention to it. some schools even take the information technology as a required course. for this phenomenon, different people have different opinion. some people argue that it is not necessary to do this since the traditional courses are supposed to be learned. while some others hold the opposite view, they believe that china should keep pace with the times. no matter how, it is a good thing that information technology has drawn attention of the people.【参考译文二】as china citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of information technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. regarding to this phenomenon, people hold different views. some people think it is not necessary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. another part of people think it is a need, because china should keep pace with the times. anyway, it is a good thing that information technology aroused public concern.【翻译原文二】“你要茶还是咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题。许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。【参考译文一】“would you like tea or coffee?” this is a question which the dining people are frequently asked. some westerners tend to choose coffee, while the chinese usually choose tea. there is a legend that one chinese emperor found tea 5,000 years ago and used it to cure illnesses. during the ming and q ing dynasties, tea houses were widespread throughout china. tea-drinking was spread to japan in the 6th century but to europe and america until the 18th century. nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. tea is the treasure of china, and it is also an important part of the chinese tradition and culture.【参考译文二】as for the dinning people, ”tea or coffee?” is a question frequently asked. coffee is usually the westerns first choice, while tea is the preferment of chinese. tradition has it that tea is found by one chinese emperor, who lived in 5000 years ago. at that time, tea is used to heal sickness. during ming-qing dynasties, teahouses are across the country. tea drinking spread into japanese as early as in the 6th century, yet it did not spread into europe and america until the 18th century. nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages all over the world. tea is the treasure of china and the important component of chinese tradition and culture.【翻译原文三】中国结(the chinese knot) 最初是由手工艺人发明的。经过数百年不断的改造，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚。中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。这种形式的手工艺(handcraft)代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。【参考译文】the chinese knot is originally invented by the handicraftsman. after several hundred years innovation, it has evolved into an elegant and colorful art and craft. in ancient times, it was used for recording events, while now it is mainly a decorative handicraft art. in chinese, knot means love, marriage and reunion. the chinese knot is often used as a gift to express good wishes or a talisman to ward off evil spirits. the handcraft has passed on for generations and become more and more popular in china and the world.-【翻译原文四】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。【参考译文】most people like chinese food. in china, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art. the well-prepared chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. although cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of china, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly chinese food is delicious as well as healthy.【翻译句子】对于一名女子来说，传统美是她的唯一标志。她的皮肤应该天生丽质，没有皱纹，没有疤痕，没有瑕疵。她的身材应该消瘦苗条，通常高挑个，双腿修长，其中青春年少则是首要条件。所有在电视广告中出现的“花容月貌”的靓女都符合这个标准。这种形象是认为的，是可以人工塑造的。许多妇女尽其所能来摆布和修改自己的容貌体态。【答案解析】翻译:to a w