英语意群划分.doc

_英语和汉语一样，人们在朗读或讲话时，为了生动、清楚地表达自己的意思，或作稍微短暂的呼吸换气，将意思表达完整，往往需要在语言表述的某些地方加以停顿。在英语教学中常遇到学生朗读或讲话时对停顿无所措的情况，直接影响着教学进程和效果。和汉语一样，讲话者不得随意乱停。若停顿的不正确，不仅无法准确地表达意思，而且可能引出许多笑话或误会来。譬如，汉语中人们常说的这样一则笑话：“我是总经理”、“派来的”。就是因为停顿上的错误，让人误解，觉得滑稽可笑。一、停顿（P）英语语法规定根据阅读或讲话句子长短情况，可按意群进行停顿。在同一意群的各个词之间不能停顿，而应一口气读完，以便整体意思不致中断，使人能完整地理解讲话人的意图和目的。例如：did not see Mary / at the party . Changjing is the longest river / in our country . A child begins / to speak / the moment it opens its lips / to utter any acknowledged sound.注：意群和意群之间并非一定要停顿，根据情况，有些可停也可不停。例如：上例 就可不停。 did not see Mary at the party . Changjing is the longest river in our country . 上例 也可少停一次。 A child begins to speak / the moment it opens its lips / to utter any acknowledged sound.现已知停顿的规则，但要准确地运用还必须弄清楚英语中的意群及其划分。二、意群（Sense-groups）。意群指句子可以按照意思和语法结构分为若干段落，每一个段落就称为一个意群。它是在意思上相对完整，在语法上密切联系，不能再分的一个词组。例如 1 .下列句子可分为两个意群： We study hard / for our country . There are only two windows / in that room .2.下列句子可分为三个意群： I will be glad / to meet you again / next year. He said / that he would do better / in his English study.3.下列句子可分为四个意群： We worked / with the workers there / and learned a lot / from them. The forest had been green / in the summer / when we had come / into the town.三、意群的划分。一般规则如下：1.冠词与名词划为同一意群。 There isan English novelon the bookshelf. The filmwe saw last night is very interesting.2.形容词与名词划为一个意群。 Please pass methat red-blue pencil. I have notenough moneyto buy it.3.系动词与表语划为一个意群。 How to go thereis a problem. To rise earlyis his custom.4.介词短语划为一个意群。 There are some tall treesin front of the building. Keep him in the darkabout the matter.5.动词不定式短语划为一个意群。 I refusedto believe the evil rumor. Because he is ill , he feels unableto do it to it6分词短语化为一个意群。 They lived in a roomfacing the south. A letter posted todaywill reach him the day after tomorrow.7.动名词短语划为一个意群。Seeing him happymade me happy too. Have you finishedcorrecting the studentspapers?8.动词及其主语或宾语划为一个意群。We can sing a songin EnglishI received a letter from him after a long silence.9.副词与动词放在一起划为一个意群。 Hehas been working hardsince he came here.Now that you are a big boy, youmust behave better.10.关系词与从句、连词与其后面部分划为一个意群。 W should strikewhile the iron is white hot.Take the medicinebefore you go to bed. He saidthat he would come to see you soon. Do you knowwhose pen it is? She told a storywhich moved us deeply. We should never pretend to knowwhat we do not know. You can go either by boator by train.I awoke one morningand fou