文献综述--浅析《儿子与情人》中的恋母情结.doc

精品文档An Analysis of Oedipus Complex in Sons and Lovers浅析儿子与情人中的恋母情结Literature ReviewAbstract: David Herbert Lawrence is one of the greatest English novelists in the 20th century, who leaves a lot of precious works to us. Sons and Lovers is the first famous work of Lawrence. During many years, people outside and inside have made many researches on Sons and Lovers from different aspects, such as the character of Mrs. Morel, the reasons of Pauls love tragedy, the tragic fate of the father Walter Morel under the industrialization process of the western society, the feminism in this work, and so on. This article tries to analyze the author, work and others comments and points out the significance of study on this paper. 摘要：大卫赫伯特劳伦斯是20世纪英国最伟大的小说家之一，他给后人留下了许多宝贵的文学著作。儿子和情人是劳伦斯第一部著名作品。多年来, 古今中外从不同角度对儿子与情人的研究颇多，比如关于莫瑞尔太太的性格，保罗爱情悲剧的原因，在西方工业化进程下的父亲瓦特莫瑞尔的悲剧命运，作品中的女性主义，等等。本文通过对作者，作品和外界的评论分析，指出自己目前所研究课题的意义。David Herbert Lawrence, born in 1885, is one of the greatest English novelists in the 20th century. He was born and spent his formative years in the coal mining town of Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom. His birthplace, in Eastwood, 8a Victoria Street, is now a museum. He was the fourth child of a struggling coal miner who was a heavy drinker. His mother, a primary school teacher who was born in a noble family was a woman of strong character and refinement. Lawrences life was dominated by poverty and friction between parents. Growing up in a poor and broken family, the young Lawrence was physically weak and full of illness. He had a deep feeling with his mother which was different from normal one. In 1912, Lawrences mother died and he helped her die by giving her an overdose of sleeping medicine. After his mothers death, Lawrence began to write. During his life-long literary career, he had written more than ten novels, several volumes of short stories and a large number of poems.Sons and Lovers in 1913 was his first important novel and later it established his literary reputation in English literature. In 1915, he created The Rainbow, which represents the pursuit of the perfect, natural and harmonious family relationship. In 1928, he finished his last novel Lady Chatterleys Lover. The core content of these novels is related to sexual life, and Lawrence regards human beings sexual intentions as the root of all life phenomena. Lawrence also have other genre of novels like Aarons Rod (1922), Kangaroo (1923), and poetries like Love Poems and Others (1913), The God (1916), Best Cost (1929), etc. Lawrences works have more descriptions about explicit gender relationships and sex. Because of too much porn in the Lawrences works, his works received fierce criticism. But in his works, he makes every effort to explore the depths of the soul, and successfully use the touching artistic description. Therefore, from the time of his death until now, his works have always been paid great attention in the literary world.As the first famous work of Lawrence, Sons and Lovers has swept the world literature in the 90s, and so far its attraction has not been reduced. It has a strong autobiography color and tells a story of the coal mine worker Morels family under the background of a mining area nearby Nottingham. Pauls mother did not get on well with his father after marriage so she turned to seeking her sons love. The emotion beyond the normal maternal love became the center which controlled and occupied sons feelings, and let Paul produce a kind of the abnormal psychology of “Oedipus complex” in Freud psychology. When Paul was in love with two women, his mother Mrs. Morel was afraid that she might lose him so she did her best to make them apart. It was not only until the mother died that the son began to find his true love earnestly. In this book, Lawrence expresses three main ideas. Firstly, Lawrence laments and protests against pollution of the natural environment caused by industrial development. Secondly, it is the strong inferiority complex to social status and the determination to throw off the yoke of his class. Thirdly, this novel embodies Lawrence depression that he can not correctly treat the contradiction between marriage and sexual life.Since the late 19th century, many critics and scholars at home and abroad did all kinds of research for the novel. Some scholars analyzed this work by linking the tragic fate of the father Walter Morel with industrialization process of the western society. Zhang Jun and Lin Xi think, the tragedy of Morels family is inseparable from the industrial civilization of capitalism. Although British capitalist industrialization process in the 19th century improves the human material civilization, it also severely damages the harmony among peoples natural relations, and makes labor lost its fun and become a tool of making a living. For livelihood, most of Laborers have to do a large number of mechanical and heavy manual works. Industrial civilization seriously depresses instinct of human nature, making huge destruction to peoples body and mind. Mr. Morel in this novel is a typical victim of industrial civilization. The mechanical and heavy works under the mine and the heavy burden of the family gradually destroy Mr. Morel, pushed him to the brink of collapse and make the dissimilation of his character. And he further destroys his wife and family. The bursting of Family affects the growth of children. The root cause of this a series of chain reaction is the capitalist industrial civilization. From this sense, the family tragedy of Mr. Morel is also the tragedy of Victorian society in Britain.Some scholars invent a new way of studying Sons and Lovers is. They study Mrs. Morels narcissism. Wang Zimin thinks, the cause of Mrs. Morel narcissistic trauma lies in the disillusionment of the marriage life. She indulges in herself and shows contempt for her husband. She is proud and has extremely strong acquisitiveness that she is desperate to grab the mans love. When knowing Paul falls in love with Miriam, Mrs. Morel makes no disguise of her jealousy and her words is becoming sharper. She constantly pesters and tortures him like an abandoned woman. Lawrences descriptions make readers believe that Mr. Morel should bear full responsibility while Mrs. Morel is a noble woman, a loving mother and an unfortunate wife. But after reading the novel, we can find a lot of examples to show the other side of Mr. Morel, such as his ingenuity, his consideration to family and has no affectation. At the same time, he is totally a loser in front of his intelligent, self-righteous wife. Chen Guiyan points out, Mr. Morel is the pillar of the family, but he has no status at home and become a useless man. In the fight between Mrs. Morel and her husband, she makes her husband lose dignity of being human. She fights over children with her husband and wants to occupy monopoly her sons feelings. She even encourages children to object against, despise and hate their own father. In the end, Mr. Morel is unbearable. Indeed, marriage is a thing of two personal. Mrs. Morel is self-centered and always thinks she suffers the greatest harm. In fact, it is her narcissistic psychology that causes this whole family tragedy. From the deeper level, Lawrence, using artistic techniques, describes the lasting and restless battle between parents as not only a conflict between husband and wife, but a class struggle between the bourgeoisies. At the same time he profoundly reveals that the inhumane working conditions and living conditions in the capitalist society destroy normal relationship between people and society, man and nature, hinder the development of mental health of people, and make the persons personality distorted.There are also some scholars analyzing the novel from the perspective of women tragedy. Zhao Chunhui, and Zhou Litian were studied. They think, Sons and Lovers actually describes three forms of love, love between Paul his mother, love between Paul and Miriam, love between Paul and Clara. The first is a mothers love, the second is a kind of spiritual love, and the third is sexual love. In a mothers love, the mother is an initiator who dominates the Pauls spiritual world. In spiritual love, Miriam is the symbol of spirit and Pauls energy of art creativity. In sexual love, Clara is the symbol of the body and the material basis that Paul perfects his human nature. Lawrence took pains to construct three love stories to emphasize the power of the female and their great influence on males course of growing up. But under the surface of the three kinds of love, we can find the tragedy of the women, and even can see British womens self-awakening and struggle, and their failure at the beginning of the 20th century. In fact, the three women of Sons and lovers are unwilling to be at the mercy of life and show the preliminary awakening and struggle consciousness, but they choose the wrong direction and wrong way, and eventually walk to the same fate of failure.In conclusion, it can be seen that our predecessors have studied this novel and its characters from different perspective and also studied thoroughly. Based on these peoples researches and views, this paper offers its own views on the novel. In this papers introduction, this paper introduces the present research situation and this papers main task and purpose. And then it gives a brief introduction to the author and his works Sons and Lovers, and the origin of Oedipus complex. In the main body, includes the second and third parts, Pauls Oedipus complex and its reasons are analyzed materialistically and objectively. The last part is the conclusion of this paper, which illustrates negative effects of Oedipus complex in modern life with real examples, and finds ways to solve it correctly. In a word,