环境工程英语ppt+3.ppt

Unit6EffectsonClimateandEcologicalEnvironment AfterUnit6 thstudentsshouldunderstand thesourcesandtypesofgreenhousegases theconceptofgreenhousegaseffect effectsofgreenhouseeffectonclimatechange theinternationaleffortsincontrollinggreenhouseeffect IGreenhouseeffect1 isanaturalwarmingprocessoftheearth Whenthesun senergyreachestheearthsomeofitisreflectedbacktospaceandtherestisabsorbed Theabsorbedenergywarmstheearth ssurfacewhichthenemitsheatenergybacktowardspaceaslongwaveradiation Thisoutgoinglongwaveradiationispartiallytrappedbygreenhousegasessuchascarbondioxide methaneandwatervapourwhichthenradiatetheenergyinalldirections warmingtheearth ssurfaceandatmosphere 2ConsequencesofthegreenhouseeffectSealevelsrise possiblyasmuchastwofeet bytheendofnextcentury Risingtemperaturescouldleadtochangesinregionalwindsystemswhichwouldinfluenceglobalrainfalldistributionandleadtotheredistributionandfrequencyoffloods droughtsandforestfires Windstormsandhurricanescouldbecomemorefrequentandmoreintense Increasedseatemperatureswouldcausecoralbleachingandthedestructionofcoralreefsaroundtheworld Climatechangewouldcreatefavorableconditionsforgrowthininsectpopulations Thiswouldlikelyhaveanegativeeffectonagricultureandhumanhealth andresultinaspreadofmalariaandothertropicaldiseases Watersupplieswouldbecomedisruptedinsomeregions particularlyinalreadyvulnerable aridareas IINewWordsandExpressionsCO2induced CO2引起的climaticmodel气候模型 naturalfluctuationinclimate气候的自然波动 tobewellrecognized得到很好认可 tobecharacterizedas表示 特性 刻画 性格 tobecharacterizedby具有 特征 intheshortterm longterm短期 长期 takeintoaccount考虑 contributeto贡献 withsomethinginmind记住IIIKyotoProtocol 1992 theWorldSummitonEnvironmentandDevelopment 153nationssignedTHEUNITEDNATIONSFRAMEWORKCONVENTIONONCLIMATECHANGE effectivein1995 1997 KyotoProtocol outcomeof1997 morethan160nationsmetinKyoto Japan tonegotiatebindinglimitationsongreenhousegasesforthedevelopednations pursuanttotheobjectivesoftheFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeof1992 Commitment thedevelopednationsagreedtolimittheirgreenhousegasemissions relativetothelevelsemittedin1990 Maingreenhousegases CO2 CarbondioxideCH4 MethaneN2O NitrousoxidePFCs Perfluorocarbons 全氟化碳 HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons 氟化烃 SF6 Sulphurhexafluoride 六氟化硫 CDM1 WhyCDMisneeded Duethedifficultyofactualreductions theProtocolallowsfortheuseofseveralmarket based flexibilitymechanisms thatallowAnnexIcountriestosupplementtheirdomesticeffortswithinvestmentsinemissionsreducingactivitiesabroadincludingJointImplementation theCleanDevelopmentMechanism andemissionstrading Ofmostrelevancetodevelopingcountries withoutformalemissionsreductionobligationsundertheKyotoProtocol CDMcontents industrializedcountriesandcompaniescanpursueclimatemitigationprojectsindevelopingcountriesandreceiveoffsetcreditsthatcanbeappliedagainsttheirownemissionstargets Morespecifically TheCDMallowsgovernmentsorprivateentitiesinindustrializedcountriestoimplementemissionreductionprojectsindevelopingcountriesinordertomeettheiremissionobjectives Theseindustrializednationsreceivecreditfortheseprojectsintheformofcertifiedemissionsreductions CERs identifyCDMprojects IVQuizforUnit61Whichofthefollowingcanincreasetheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere automobileexhaustb deforestationc alloftheseanswersarecorrectd industrialburningoffossilfuels 2ThenaturalheatingofEarth ssurfacebytheatmosphereiscalled a thegreenhouseeffectb ozoneholec ELNinod globalwarming 3Thereareseveraldifferenttypesofairpollutants whichoneisthemostprevalentinChongqing a Ozone O3 b respiratoryparticulatec Nitrogendioxide NO2 d SO24Whichofthefollowingadversehealthconditionis are relatedtoairpollution a Bronchitisb asthmac lungcancerd alloftheabove 5Atoxicologistsearchesforarelationshipbetweena airpollutantsb doseandresponsec cancersandnon cancerousdiseased sicknessandhealthVTranslationexercises1重庆发电厂对重庆的大气排放削减贡献了50 mosphericemissions ChongqingPowerPlantcontributed50 toreduceat 2可持续发展理论在国际上得到广泛认可Theoryofsustainabledevelopmentiswidelyrecognizedintheinternationalcommunity 3CO2排放量每年以20 递增 Carbondioxideemissionsincrementsby20 eachyear 4重庆常常被描绘成大农村Chongqinghasoftenbeendescribldinruralareas 5CO2不断上升的趋势可望在2010得到改变Therisingtrendofcarbondioxideisexpectedtobechangedin2010 Unit7ConventionalControlofAirPollutionControl Afterthisunit thestudentsshouldbeableto tounderstandprincipalsmeansforcontrolofparticulateemissions describeanequipmentortechnology IBackgroundinformationtoairpollutioncontrolmeasures1IPPC optimizeindustrialstructureandindustrialarrangement improveenergyefficiency thedevelopmentandutilizationofrenewableenergy industrialpollutioncontrol enhanceairqualitymanagement 2EmissionAbatement1twocategoriesofabatementoptions technological socio economic2EmissioncontrolandemissionpreventionEmissioncontrol operatesmainlyonthesupplysideofenergysectorandgenerallyproceedsviatheapplicationofadds ontreatment suchascoalwashing orendofpipetechniques suchasfluegasdesulfurization Emissionprevention operatesasmuchasthedemandsideasitdoesonthesupplysideandcanleadtoeconomicsavingintheeconomyasawhole 3Emissionpreventionmeasures rationalplanningandarrangement suchasenvironmentalplanningandEIA environmentalmeasurement1 environmentallegislation basis 2 environmentalmonitoring tools3 environmentalprotectionadministrationinstitutions undertakers economicmeasures1 increasetheinvestmentratioinGDP2 polluterpaysandconsumerspaysprincipal marketestablishment tradepermit resourcequota environmentalstock chargesystem pollutioncharge financialoptional subsidesforpollutioncontrol lowinterestloan greenfund liabilitysystem penalty legalresponsibility incentives refund 4forestation5environmentalawareness 6Technologicalmeasures cleanerproduction implementationofsustainabledevelopment1 energyplanningandmanagement2 energysavingandenergyefficiency3 cleancoalminingandcleancoaltechnology4 developmentofnewandrenewableenergy5 integratingindustrialbase IINewwordsandexpressionscentrifugalforce离心力 conventional传统 inletgas入口气体 outletwaterquality出水浓度 collectionefficiency捕集效率 pressuredrop压力降 electrode电极 absorption吸收 adsorption吸附 concentrationgradient浓度梯度 oxygenated充氧的emissionabatement排放削减 Environmentallyfriendly environmentallysoundtechnology environmentalprofessionals experts tofindwideapplication themainobjectivesofthepresentpaperis theavailabletechnologies datebackto researchon studyon atlowcost adetaildescriptionofasystem technology equipment aresearch investigationconducted undertakenby advantagesover intheplanningstageIIIConventionalTechnologyofParticlesPollutionControlTechnology 1Cyclones principal gravity centrifugalforce performance highefficiencyonparticles 50micron 90 collectionefficiency application sawmills detergentmanufactureasphaltplants2fibricfilter principal filter performance highefficiency 99 5 application cementfactory smeltingoperations3WetScrubber principal increasetheparticlessizebycombinationwithliquiddroplets gas water lowandhighenergyscrubber 1 Spraytower lowenergy 2 Venturiscrubber highenergy performance highefficiency 90 95 forSpraytower 99 5 forVenturi application hightemperatureandhumiditygas Spraytowerforincinerator Venturiforsteelfurnance4Electrostaticprecipitator principal1 electricalchargingofthesuspendedparticles 2 Collectionofthechargedparticlesonagroundedsurface3 Removaloftheparticlesfromthecollectingsurfacebymechanismscrubbingorflushingwithliquids performance 99 collectionefficiency application fineparticles VQuizforUnit71Whichofthefollowingis are regardedasacomponentofbaghousefilter a groundedsurfaceb hopperc spraytowerd fiber2Whichofthefollowingsisthemosteffectivetoremovefineparticles s wetscrubberb cyclonec electrostaticprecipitatord fibricfilter3Absorptionisaprocesstotreata gaseouscontaminantsb aerosolcontaminantsb waterpollutantsd solidwastes 4Whichofthefollowingis are theobjectiveofLifeCycleAnalysisa workshopb aproductc anorganizationd ahousehold5Theobjectiveofcleanproductionis are a energyefficiencyb emissionabatementd decreasedrawmaterialused alloftheabove Unit8NewTechnologyofAirPollutioncontrol AfterUnit8 thestudentsshouldbeableto understandtheconceptofbiofiltrationanditsapplication understandsoilfiltermedia sadvantagesovercompostmedia IBiolfiltration1Definition Biofiltrationistheremovalandoxidationoforganicgasfromcontaminatedairbybedsofcompostorsoil biofiltermedia 30yearsexperienceinforeigncountries firstusedinodorcontrol nowusedinorganicgaspollutantcontrol2theprincipalofbiofiltration Biofiltrationusesmicroorganismstobreakdownorganiccompounds ortotransformsomeinorganiccompounds intocarbondioxide waterandsalts Whenthebiofilterisbuilt themicroorganismsarealreadyonthematerialthatisusedasafilterbed Thefiltermaterialisingeneralpeat soil compostorheather butgranularactivatedcarbonandpolystyrenecanalsobeused Thechoiceofthefiltermaterialisveryimportantbecauseithastosupplythemicroorganismsinnutrients tosupportbiologicalgrowth andtohaveagoodsorptioncapacity Thebiologicalprocessisanoxidationbymicroorganisms andcanbewrittenasfollows OrganicPollutant Oxygen CO2 H2O Heat BiomassThemostimportantcomponentofabiofiltrationsystemisitsmedia 3Parametersforbasicdesign MoistureContent Themoisturecontentisessentialforthebiofiltertoworkatthebestofitsefficiency Microorganismsneedamoistenvironment Temperature Microorganismsoperatebestbetween30degreesCand40degreesC OxygenLevel Sincemostofthedegradationsareaerobic theoxygenlevelisveryimportantinabiofiltrationprocess pH ThepHwherethemicroorganismsarethemostefficientisaround7 ThusthepHofthecontaminatedgashastobemaintainedaroundthisvalue 4Biofilterschematic 5Applicationofbiofiltration1 avarietyofindustriesandpublicsectorsources landfillgas chemicalstorage paintingandcoatingoperations wastewatertreatment2 odour organicandinorganicairpollutants VOC UNIT9EffectsofAirPollution AftercompletionofUnit9 thestudentsshouldbeableto understandtheeffectsofairpollutiononhealth plantsandanimalsIBackgr