2013年高三高考英语词汇句型.doc

高考英语必备经典句型4高考英语常用词汇分类变化第一节 动名词动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。时态/语态主动被动一般式writingbeing written完成式having writtenhaving been written6.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语 1）作主语。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语 a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如：admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免complete完成consider认为delay 耽误deny 否认detest 讨厌endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢escape 逃脱fancy 想象finish 完成imagine 想象mind 介意miss 想念postpone推迟practice 训练recall 回忆resent 讨厌resume 继续resist 抵抗risk 冒险suggest 建议face 面对include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解forgive 宽恕keep 继续例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如：admit toprefertobe used tolead todevote oneself toobject tostick tono goodno usebe fond oflook forward tobe proud ofbe busycant helpbe tired ofbe capable ofbe afraid ofthink of burst outkeep oninsist oncount onset aboutput offbe good attake upgive upbe successful in3）作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如：Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。比较：She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 4）作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如：a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如：boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机6.2 worth 的用法 worth, worthy, worthwhile都是形容词，意为值得。1. worth： be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时，表示 值得 常见的有It s worth while to do./ It s worth（someones）while doing be worth doing sth.某事值得被做The question is not worth discussing again and again. 这问题不值得反复讨论。2. worthy：be worthy of +n.当名词为抽象名词时表示值得 be worthy to be done 某事值得被做The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again.3. worthwhile：be worthwhile to do sth 值得做某事It is worthwhile to ask him to join the club.值得邀请他加入俱乐部。典型例题It is not _ to discuss the question again and again.A. worth B. worthyC. worthwhileD. worth while答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worthwhile to do sth.。选C。6.3 动名词不定式、分词练习1.I was _ work last week, but I changed my mind.a. to start b. to have started c. to be starting d. to have been starting2.I intended _ the matter with you, but I had some guests hen.a. discuss b. discussing c. having discussed d. to have discussed3.Dont let me catch you _.a. do that again b. to do that again c. doing that again d. done that again4.There are many kinds of metals _.a.each has its special properties b. one has its special propertiesb. each having its special properties d. having its special properties5.Its pay-day, and theyre waiting _.a. for paying b. to be paid c. to be paying d. to have paid 6._ trouble, Im going to forget the whole affair.a. Then rather cause b. Rather causing c. Rather than cause d. Rather than caused7. The brilliance of his satires was _ make even his victims laugh.a. so as to b. such as to c. so that d. such that8.Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined _ high levels of self-confidence.a. possess b. have possessed c. to possess d. possessing9.The worker is _ in repairing the machine to notice my coming.a. too busy b. enough busy c. busy too d. busy enough10.“What did you do in the garden?”“I watched my father _ his motorbike.”a. to repair b. repaired c. repairing d. repairs11.We must have an engineer _ the workers build the house.a. to see b. see c. seeing d. seen12.Induction means _ a general conclusion from special facts.a. to come to b. to coming c. coming to d. came13.Im not going to ask the teacher why he gave me that grade; I intend _.a. to let rest the matter b. the matter to be let restingc. letting the matter to rest d. to let the matter rest14.I have tried _ worrying about it.a. to stop consciously b. to consciously stopc. to conscious stopping d. to stopping consciously15.“Do you want to give a talk on that subject?”“I prefer _ .”a. not want b. not wanting c. to not giving d. not to16.I _ the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests.a. cannot but admit b. cannot help but to admitc. cannot but admitting d. cannot help but admitting17.Since she is angry, we _. a. had better leaving her alone b. should leave her alonec. might as well leave her alone d. had rather leave her alone18.I dont allow _ in my office and I dont allow my family _ at all.a. to smokesmoking b. smokingto smokec. to smoketo smoke d. smokingsmoking19.You should remember _ from the point when you are writing a composition.a. dont wander b. not to wander c. no wandering d. not wander20.Grace advised us to withdraw _. a. so as to get not involved b. so as not to get involvedc. so that to get not involved d. as not to get involved21.He ran all the way up to the station _ that the train had left fifteen minutes before.a. in order to find b. so as to find c. only to find d. such as to find22.George went hunting for a week but still he didnt find a room _.a. to live b. to live in c. for living d. to be living in 23.You should really avoid _ at home alone as he is old and ill.a. your father stay b. your father to stay c. your fathers staying d. your father who stays24.John didnt want to risk _ wet as he had only one suit.a. getting b. to get c. being got d. to be gotten25.Im disappointed with the new officers elected in our club, but there is no point _ about it.a. to worry b. in worrying c. with us worrying d. if we worry26.It wont be any use _ to borrow any more money.a. you to try b. of your trying c. trying you d. your trying27.The law requires all cars _ for safety and efficiency.a. being tested regularly b. to be regularly testedc. be regularly tested d. regularly tested28.I remember _ to the zoo by my father when I was little.a. being taken b. taking c. have been taken d. to have taken29.I completely forgot _ the front door last night and feel fortunate that nothing is stolen.a. locking b. being locked c. to lock d. to have locked30.I regret _ you that your application has been refused.a. informing b. being informed c. to be informed d. to inform31.I didnt mean _ anything, but these apples looked so good I couldnt resist _ one.a. to eattrying b. to eato trying c. eatingto try d. eatingto trying32.I know it isnt important but I cant help _ about it. a. but to think b. thinking c. think d. to think33.The ship, _ to a shapeless wreck, was hardly recognizable.a. being reduced b. reducing c. reduced d. having been reducing34.The young doctor could not sleep at night, his thoughts _ him no peace.a. gave b. giving c. being given d. to give35.After a long walk on a hot day, one feels _.a. exhaustive b. exhausting c. exhaust d. exhausted36.Those relatives of his are _ . I dont want to have any dealings with them.a. boring people b. bored people c. people having bored d. people having boring 37.You must follow the directions exactly and if you become _, you must take the time to go back again and reread them.a. to confuse b. confusing c. confuse d. confused38.There is something wrong with my TV set, I must have it _.a. checking b. check c. to check d. checked39.He was just about to jump up when he felt something _ near his feet.a. to move b. move c. moving d. moved40._ with the corresponding period of last year, the output of chemical fibers in the first quarter rose by 15%.a. Comparing b. To compare c. Compared d. Compare41.“Was the rally successful?“No, because the number of _ was smaller than we had expected.”a. people who attend b. attended people c. people attending d. attendance of people42.Uncle Dick has already arrive. Do you expect _ to see him?a.Going b. go c. to go d. that you go43.From the electric refrigerator Dick takes a carton of cream, another of fresh milk and a can of _ orange juice.a.frozen b. froze c. freezing d. freezed44.He felt bad for _ a chance to study abroad.a. having not given b. not having givenc. having not been given d. not having been given45.In some countries there are already a number of firms _ computer programming.a. specialize in b. specialized in c. specializing in d. specializes in 46.The young man who saw the car _ into the river telephoned the police station.a. plunge b. plunged c. was plunging d. to plunge47.While she was shopping, she kept _ the list to make sure she hadnt forgotten anything.a. checked b. checking c. to check d. check48.Youd better _. a. to have your shoes mended b. to have mended your shoesc. have your shoes mended d. having your shoes mended49.The machines are made _ at full speed.a. work b. working c. to work d. to be worked50.It is certain that men will never stop _ new energy sources to power their growing industry.a. finding b. to find c. having found d. found答案 1B19B37D2D20B38D3C21C39C4C22B40C5B23C41C6C24A42C7B25B43A8C26D44D9A27B45C10C28A46A11B29C47B12C30D48C13D31A49C14B32B50A15D33C16B34B17D35D18D36A第二节 名词变形容词英语中，有时在名词之前或末尾加上不同的前缀或后缀就可以变为形容词。如：sleep（睡觉） asleep （睡着的） sleepy （瞌睡的，困乏的）, help（帮助）helpful （有帮助的）等。本文拟就名词变为形容词的构成方法归纳如下:一、 名词加-y构成形容词。如： rain （雨水） rainy （多雨的） wind （风） windy （多风的，风大的） cloud （云） cloudy （多云的，阴天的） snow （雪） snowy （多雪的） sun （太阳） sunny （多阳光的，明朗的） 特别提醒：别忘了双写n luck （运气） lucky （幸运的） noise （嘈杂声） noisy （嘈杂的，喧闹的） 特别提醒：别忘了去掉e health （健康） healthy （健康的） 二、 名词加-ful构成形容词，表示肯定。如： use （使用） useful （有用的，有益的） help （帮助） helpful （有帮助的，有益的） harm （伤害，损害） harmful （有害的） forget （忘记） forgetful （健忘的） beauty （美丽） beautiful （美丽的） 特别提醒：别忘了把-y变成-i，再加-ful care （关心，小心） careful （小心的，仔细的） pain （疼痛） painful （疼痛的） wonder （惊奇，感到奇怪） wonderful （极好的） color （颜色） colorful （彩色的；色彩艳丽的） thank （感谢） thankful （感激的，欣赏的） 三、 名词加-less构成形容词，表示否定。如： use （用处） useless （无用的） care （关心，小心） careless （粗心的） harm （伤害，损害） harmless （无害的） help （帮助） helpless （无能的，无用的） 四、 名词加-ly构成形容词。如： friend （朋友） friendly （友好的） love （爱） lovely （可爱的） month （月份） monthly （每月的） live （生活，居住） lively （充满生气的） day （天） daily （每日的） 五、 在有些国名后加上-ese构成形容词，表示“国的”。如： China （中国） Chinese （中国的） Japan （日本） Japanese （日本的） 六、 在某些以元音结尾的名词后加-n构成形容词。例如： Asia（亚洲）Asian （亚洲的） America （美国） American （美国的） Australia （澳大利亚） Australian （澳大利亚的） 七、 在某些名词后加-ous构成形容词。如： danger （危险） dangerous （危险的） fame （名声，名望） famous （著名的） 特别提醒：别忘了去掉e 八、 名词加-en构成形容词。如： wool （羊毛） woolen （羊毛的） wood （木头） wooden （木制的） gold （金子） golden （金子般的） 九、 在某些以元音结尾的名词后加-an构成形容词。如： Europe（欧洲）European （欧洲的） 十、 在某些名词后加-ish构成形容词。如： fool（傻瓜） foolish（愚蠢的） Spain（西班牙） Spanish（西班牙的）第三节 形容词变副词 1.一般情况下直接加“ly”，如quick-quickly 2.以“y”结尾的,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”，如happy-happily 2、少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。例如：true-truly等。 但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如：polite-politely, wide-widely 形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀： 一般直接加，“元e”去e加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y。 分别举例如下： quickquickly, truetruly, happyhappily, possiblepossibly. 另外： 一、在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; hopeful-hopefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly 二、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily 三、某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。 如: terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently 另外,副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来, 如:loud (adj.)- aloud (adv.) 此外,部分名词加后缀也可变成副词, 如:part-partly。 例句: It is partly her fault. 有部分是她的错。 需注意: friendly; motherly; lovely等词是形容词而非副词。 再看转化副词。在英语中,有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词,如early, much, fast, little, wide, loud等。 由于这类词词性虽不同,但词形却一样,这就需要大家学会在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。例句:Thank you very much. (adv.) 多谢。There is much water in the river. (adj.) 河里有很多水。The music is too loud. Please turn it down. (adj.) 音乐声太大,请调低点。He speaks loud enough. So everyone in the room can hear what he said. (adv.) 他说话的声音很大,所以房间里每个人都能听到他的话。 另外,还有一类副词和形容词词义相同,但拼写却不同,如well和good。例句He speaks good English. 他讲一口流利的英语。He speaks English well. 他英语讲得不错。 多音节y结尾的词 将y改为i后加ly easy-easily happy-happily heavy-heavily 单音节y结尾的词 直接加ly gay-gayly (gaily) sly-slyly (slily) 以ve结尾的词 去e加ly true-truly 以le结尾的词 去e加y gentle-gently possible-possibly 其他以e结尾的词 一律加ly nice-nicely wise-wisely polite-politely 以ll结尾的词 只加y full-fully 以ic结尾的词 加ally automatic-automatically energetic-energetically 其他形容词 均加ly careful-carefully glad-gladly简析also, too, as well和either用法also, too, as well, either,作“也”讲，为副词。下面分别讲述：一. too, also, as well：都用于肯定句，表示前者怎样后者也怎样。too：一般放在句尾，可用逗号和前面的句子隔开，也可不用；also：其位置大多放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前；as well：其位置一般放在句尾，三者可以作同义句转换。例如：You need to go shopping and I need to go shopping, too.=You need to go shopping and I also need to go shopping.=You need to go shopping and I need to go shopping as well.二. either：用于否定句中，表示前者不，后者也不，其位置一般放在句尾。例如：He doesn”t want any coffee, and I don”t want any, either.You don”t know the way and I don”t know it, either.巩固训练1. He is _saying,“I don”t want any bread, _A. too, also B. also, tooC. either, too D. also, either2. I _ study English and Russian .A. too B. also C. either D. as well3. Not only the children but _their father is in town.A. too B. also C. either D. as well4. John _ believes that bears hibernate in winter_.A. also, either B. too, as well C. also, as well D. as well, too5. The foreigner can speak English, he can speak French _.A. neither B. also C. either D. as well【参考答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D第六节 形容词和副词一、考点聚焦1、形容词、副词的作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high（2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。（3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you.（4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。（5）enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。（6）几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点时间。如：We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.（7）频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。（8）副词作定语，定语后置。如：The person there is waiting for you.（9）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（大小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。如：a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,the mans first tow interesting little red French oil paitings（10）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。表愿意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：dead完全，绝对be dead asleep deadly非常be deadly tired pretty相当be pretty certain that prettily漂亮地be prettily dressedclose近Dont sit close. closely密切地Watch closely! late晚、迟arrive late, come late lately最近I havent seen him lately(recently). 2、复合形容词的构成（1）形容词 + 名词 + edkind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的(2)形容词 + 形容词red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的（3）形容词 + 现在分词good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的（4）副词 + 现在分词hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的（5）副词 + 过去分词hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的（6）名词 + 形容词life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的（7）名词 + 现在分词peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的（8）名词 + 过去分词snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的（9）数词 + 名词 + edfour-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的（10）数词 + 名词（名词用单数）ten-year 10年的,two-man两人的3、形容词和副词的比较等级（1）原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so (as)high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times as large as that one.（2）比较级和最高级的构成。掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。（3）比较级的用法。对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如：This picture is more beautiful than that one.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如： This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。如：He works even harder than before.He found he got 2cm higher than one year before when he measured himself yesterday.Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting.A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如：She is better than she was yesterdayPlease come earlier tomorrow.另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller