新世纪大学英语课文翻译--1-.docx

新世纪大学英语课文翻译第一册Unit 1 A Language Teachers Personal Opinion Will Pidcroft 一名语言教师的个人看法 Every day I see advertisements in the newspaper and on the buses claiming that it is easy to learn English. According to these advertisements, with very little effort on the students part, he will be able to speak the language fluently in three months or even ten days. There is often a reference to Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to encourage him even more. When I see advertisements like this, I dont know whether to laugh or cry. If it were as easy to learn English as they say, I would have to look for another job, because very few qualified teachers would be needed. But a large number of people must believe these ridiculous claims, or else the advertisements would not appear. 我每天都会在报纸上、公共汽车上看到各种广告，声称轻轻松松就能学好英语。这些广告号称，学生不必费什么力气，要说一口流利的英语只需短短3个月，甚至10天就行。广告还常常提到威廉莎士比亚和查尔斯狄更斯等英语文学大师的名号来增强吸引力。每当看到诸如此类的广告时，我真是哭笑不得：如果学英语真像这些广告所说的那么轻松，我恐怕得另谋出路了，因为不需要那么多合格的英语教师了。但是肯定有许多人相信这些可笑的噱头，不然的话这些广告也不可能出现。 It is natural for students to be attracted to methods that will teach them as quickly and efficiently and cheaply as possible. But it is difficult for anyone to explain in simple language why one method is better than another, and it is no use pretending that anyone has discovered a perfect way of teaching English in every possible situation. Some experts even argue that there are many good methods of teaching a language as there are good teachers, because every teacher is an individual with his own personality. No doubt this is true to a certain extent, but it is not very helpful to students. 学生们喜欢实惠的速成学习方法也在情理之中，但要用浅显易懂的语言去解释为什么某一方法比另一方法更有效并不是一件简单的事，而且也无需装模作样地声称有什么人已经找到了一个万能的适合所有学习环境的教学方法。一些专家甚至认为，有多少个好老师就有多少种好的教学方法，因为每一个老师都有其自身的特点。这种说法无疑是有几分道理的，但对学生来说不是很有帮助。 For a long time people believed that the only way to learn a language was to spend a great deal of time in a country where it was spoken. Of course it is clear that students who go to England to learn English have a great advantage over others, but a larger number of students cannot afford to do so. Some students go to the opposite extreme and think they can teach themselves at home with dictionaries. But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language and vice versa, and it is impossible for any translation method to provide students with the natural forms of a language in speech, let alone produce good pronunciation and intonation. 有很长一段时间，人们认为要学好一门语言，只有去使用那种语言的国家待上一段时间。当然去英国、美国、或者澳大利亚等国家学英语的学生肯定比那些不能去的学生具有很大优势，但是很多学生支付不起那笔费用。有些学生走向另一极端：他们认为可以借助词典在家自学。如果你认为英语中的每一个词在另一语言中都有完全对等的词（或反之亦然），那就错了。通过翻译法来给学生讲解口语的自然形式是不可能的，更不要说做到语音、语调地道了。 A great deal of teaching is still based on behaviourist psychology. Behaviourists are fond of making students repeat phrases and making them do exercises where they continually have to change one word in a sentence. If we were parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successful. A large number of theorists seem to think it is a pity we arent, because it would make it easier to use their methods. 现在大量的教学活动还是建立在行为主义心理学的基础之上。行为主义者热衷于让学生复述短语，不断做一些只需更换句中某个词的练习。假如我们是鹦鹉或黑猩猩，那这些方法或许能奏效，可惜我们不是，这似乎让很多理论家引以为憾，否则他们提出的那些方法用起来就会容易得多了。 In my personal opinion, no one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested in it. Human beings, unlike parrots and chimpanzees, do not like making noises unless they understand what the noises mean and can relate them to their own lives. It is worth remembering that language is a means of communication. What people want to say and write in another language is probably very similar to what they want to say and write in their own. What they listen to and read cannot be a formula. It must be real. 我个人认为，假如没有兴趣，任何人都不可能学好英语或其他任何语言。与鹦鹉或黑猩猩不同，人类不会无缘无故地发出噪音，除非他们明白这些声音是什么意思，并且能将其与自己的生活联系起来。值得牢记的是：语言是一种交际手段，人们在母语中怎么说怎么写，用另一种语言表达时也大同小异。因此，人们所听所读的不应该是程式化的东西，听的读的材料必须真实自然。 There is another relevant point worth mentioning here. We need other people to talk to and listen to when we communicate. If what we are learning is strange to us, it will be helpful if there are other students around us who can work with us and practise the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life in real language. 还有一个相关的问题值得一提：在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。在学习较生疏的内容时，如果有其他学生和我们在实战中一起学习和练习那些陌生的语言形式，用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活，那一定会受益匪浅。Unit 2 The Doctors Son Harold EppleywithRochelle MelanderMy parents moved toVermontwhen I was still aninfant. Asoft-spokenman, my fathersettled quietly intohis medical practice in a small town calledEnosburg. Soon thelocalpeople accepted him as one of their own.Word passes quickly in smallVermonttowns.They know good people when they meet them. Around town the neighbors greeted my father as Doc Eppley. And I soon learned that as long as I lived in Enosburg I would always be known as Doctor Eppleys son. On the first day of school, my classmates crowded around me because I was the doctors son. If youre anything like your father, youll be a smart boy, my first-grade teacher said. I couldnt stop Beaming. Somewherein themidstofmy teenage years, however, something changed. I was sixteen years old and the neighbors still called me Doctor Eppleys son. They said that I was growing up to be an honorableandindustriousyoung man, living an honest life just like my father. I groaned whenever I heard their compliments. I wondered how I would everfit in withmy teenage friends.I hated being followed by my fathers good name.And so when strangers asked me if I was Doctor Eppleys son, I replied emphatically, My name is Harold. And I can manage quite wellon my own. As an act of rebellion, I began to call my father by his first name,Sam. Why are you acting sostubbornlately? my father asked me one day in the midst of anargument. Well, Sam, I replied, I suppose that bothers you. You know it hurts me when you call me Sam, my father shouted. Well, it hurts me when everybody expects me to be just like you. I dont want to be perfect. I want to be myself. I survivedmy last years of high school until finally I turned eighteen.The next fall Ienrolledin college. I chose toattenda school far from Enosburg, a place where nobody called me Doctor Eppleys son.One night at college I sat with a group of students in thedormitoryas we shared stories about our lives. We began to talk about the things we hated most about ourchildhoods. Thats easy, I said. I couldnt stand growing up in a town where everybody alwayscompared me with my father. The girl sitting next to mefrowned. I dont understand, she said. Id be proud to have a father whos so well respected. Her eyes filled with tears as she continued,Id give anything tobe called my fathers child.But I dont know where he is. He left my mother when I was only four. There was anawkwardsilence, and then I changed the subject. I wasnt ready to hear her words. I returned home for winter break that year, feeling proud of myself. In four months at college, I had made a number of new friends.I had become popularin my own right, without my fathers help. For two weeks I enjoyed being back in Enosburg. The maintopicof interest at home was my fathers new car.Let me take it out for a drive, I said. My father agreed, but not without his usual warning,Be careful. I glaredat him. Sam, Im sick ofbeing treated like a child. Im in college now. Dont you think I know how to drive? I could see the hurt in my fathers face, and I remembered how much he hated it whenever I called him Sam.All right then, he replied. Ihoppedinto the car and headed down the road,savoringthe beauty of the Vermont countryside.My mind waswandering.At a busyintersection, I hit the car right in front of mine before I knew it. The woman in the car jumped out screaming: Youidiot!Why didnt you look where you were going? I surveyedthe damage. Both cars hadsustainedseriousdents. I sat there like aguiltychild as the woman continuedcomplaining. Its your fault, she shouted. I couldntprotest. My knees began to shake. Ichokedbackmy tears. Do you haveinsurance? Can you pay for this? Who are you? she kept asking. Who are you? I panickedand, without thinking, shouted, Im Doctor Eppleys son. I sat t here stunned. I couldnt believe what I had just said. Almost immediately, the womans frown became a smile ofrecognition. Im sorry, she replied, I didnt realize who you were.An hour later, I drove my fathersbatterednew car back home. With my head down and my knees still shaking, Itrudgedinto the house. I explained what had happened. Are you hurt? he asked. No, I replied. Good, he answered. Then he turned and headed toward the door. Harold, he said as he was leaving, Hold your head up. That night wasNew YearsEve, and my family attended a small party with friends to celebrate the beginning of another year. When midnight arrived, people cheered and greeted each other. Across the room I saw my father. I stepped toward him. My father and Irarelyhug. But recalling the days events, I wrappedmy arms around his shoulders. And I spoke his real name for the first time in years. I said, Thank you, Dad. Happy New Year.医生的儿子 我还是个婴儿的时候，我的父母亲搬到了佛蒙特州。我那温文尔雅的父亲在一个名叫伊诺斯堡的小镇上毫不张扬地开业行医了。很快，当地人就把他当成了自己人。在佛蒙特州的小镇上，消息传播得很快。人们分得清谁是好人。邻居们都称我的父亲为埃普利医生。我很快意识到，只要我住在伊诺斯堡镇，我就永远只是“埃普利医生的儿子”。 入学的第一天，同学们就簇拥着我，因为我是医生的儿子。“要是你多少有点像你父亲的话，你就会是个聪明的孩子。”我的一年级老师这么说。我忍不住眉开眼笑。 可是在我十几岁的时候，事情起了变化。我都十六岁了，邻居们还是称呼我“埃普利医生的儿子”。他们说我长大了一定会是一个可敬又勤劳的年轻人，会像我父亲那样过着体面的生活。每当我听到这些赞美，我都很不以为然地哼哼几声。 我不知道自己怎样才能融入我那些少年朋友的圈子。我讨厌父亲的好名声像影子一样跟着我。所以当陌生人问起我是不是埃普利医生的儿子时，我会带着强调的口气说：“我叫哈罗德。我自己能管好自己的事。”出于反叛，我开始对父亲直呼其名，不叫他“爸爸”，而叫他“萨姆”。 “你最近为什么这么犟？”有次争吵时，我父亲这样问我。 “哼，萨姆。我想你难过了吧！” “你知道的，你叫我萨姆让我很伤心。”我父亲大声地说。 “哦，那人人都指望我像你