牛津高中英语模块一Unit.doc

牛津高中英语模块一Unit 2【教学内容与教学要求】 一、 教学内容： 牛津高中英语模块一Unit 2 二、教学要求： 1学习谈论青少年经常遇到的问题 。 2学会戏剧脚本。 3了解英语口语和书面语的差别。 4语法：定语从句5了解英语语调的作用。 6学会写感谢和建议信。 7学习编写、表演对话。 【知识重点与学习难点】 一、 重要单词： act(n), scene, curtain, trash, garbage, charge, adult, , behavior, teenager, punish, period, argument, relationship, force, unpleasant, character, explain, slam, vet(veterinarian), style, mess, thumb, vs(versus), plus, competition, sink, fault, boring, upset, sincerely, insist, chat, valuable, period, argument, freedom, relationship, suggest, spare, unloving, forbid, tone, frustrated, express, volume, stress, pause, exact, emotional, mood, gist, merely, regular, solve, column ,columnist, resource, proofread, version, nervous. 二、重点词组： common to对来说很普遍, turn up调高声音, 出现 a waste of 浪费, no more不再, spare time空余时间, force.to强迫（某人）做 , cant wait to. 迫不及待地要 , be supposed to被期望或要求, 本应该， do with 处置, 忍受， 需要 be a mess/ in a mess乱成一团, leave sb in charge 委托 .负责, act like行为举止象 , go unpunished不受惩罚, go out熄灭, have ones arm crossed双臂交叉抱在胸前, deserve to值得去做,常用否定形式表示“不配” be hard on对某人苛刻, now that既然, in the form of以 的形式, than ever before比以前任何时候都, be angry at对某事生气, even if即使, treat sb like象 一样对待 , argue about为 而争吵, the cause of起因, differ in many ways在许多方面不同, fit badly非常不合身, rising/falling tone升调、降调, talk show谈话节目, main point要点, supporting information辅助性信息, a diary entry一篇日记, be proud of为.感到骄傲, stay up late熬夜, mix up混淆, after all毕竟, take ones advice接受建议, miss doing sth怀念以前做的某事, keep in mind记住, get it tidied up把它整理好, clean up打扫干净, make a difference要紧, provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb为某人提供, provided that假如, to ones surprise使某人惊奇的是, as though就好像, insist on doing坚持要做, allow him his freedom允许给他自由, send sb to bed叫某人去睡觉, forbid sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事, assign roles to分派角色, argue about sth with sb为某事和某人争吵。【难点讲解】 1. Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly. 埃里克跟着球跑进来，后面跟着一条大狗，狗走得很慢。 这句话里有两个不同层面上的状语：过去分词短语“followed by a big dog” 是谓语“runs in”的伴随状语，而现在分词短语“walking very slowly”描述的是大狗跟随埃里克进来的行走方式，是动词“follow”的状语。 伴随状语通常由现在分词短语、过去分词短语或介词短语承当。当伴随动作由主语发出时，用现在分词，当伴随动作由其他人或物发出时用过去分词。例如： He ran after the thief, shouting angrily. She sat nervously in the grand sitting room, watched closely by the butler. The soldiers stood silently along the pass, rifles in hand. 2. You werent supposed to come home until tomorrow. 你们应该明天才回家的。 be supposed to do sth:被期望或要求去做, 本应该去做。例如; You are supposed to hand in your articles this Friday. Girls are supposed to behave more quietly in this country. 在肯定句中until 必须和持续性动词连用时，在否定句里它主要和短暂性动词连用也可以和持续性动词连用，表示直到某时某个动作才开始。Until 还可以用在强调句中。Not until 放在句首时，句子要倒装。例如: He slept until 8 oclock. He didnt wake up till e8 oclock. It was not until 8 o”clock that he woke up. Not until 8 oclock did he wake up. I wont be free till Friday. 3. The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone, but Spot looks so hungry. 本该用来买狗食的钱不见了，但斑点狗看起来饿得厉害。 “with which you were to buy dog food” 是定语从句, 当关系代词是介词宾语时,介词常放在关系代词之前。例如: the village we used to live inthe village in which we used to live 主语be动词+不定式表示“按计划将要做”，例如; We are to hold up the enemy while our troups retreat. The presidential candidate is to make a speech in our town on his way to Washington. 4. We thought you were an adult, a person from whom we could expect good decisions. 我们原以为你是个成年人，一个我们可以指望他做出正确决定的人。 划线部分是“an adult” 的同位语， 它 和“an adult”所指相同，句法功能也相同，是对“an adult”含义进一步的说明。这个同位于本身又带有定语从句from whom we could expect good decisions 。 Expect sth from sb: 期望从某人那里得到或看到某事，例如: You can never expect generosity from a miser. 5. This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished. 我们家不是一个放纵不良行为的家庭。 根据上文，this是指 our family。动词go 后面可以跟形容词，表示“变得”，例如： go bad（变质）, go dry（变干）, go mad（发疯）, go international （国际化）。Go 和一些含否定意义的形容词连用，则表示“不受的, 未被的”,如: go unchallenged, go unnoticed. His theory has gone unchallenged in the world for half a century. Its strange that such a mistake can go unnoticed in the textbook. 6. If they knew that Spot was ill and we used the money to take him to the vet 假如他们知道Spot得了病, 而我们用那笔钱带他去看兽医的话. 这句话用的是虚拟语气, 省略的部分是: they would understand why the money is gone and the house is a mess. 当说话人只表示一种假设的情况、一种主观愿望，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非真实时，使用虚拟语气。表示和现在事实相反时，主句用过去将来时，条件从句用一般过去时。例如: If I were you, I should wait till next week. I she saw you now, she wouldnt recognize you. 7. None of us stopped to think and we should have. 我们本应当停下来想想，而我们都没有那么做。 Stop to do表示停下来去做另一件事， stop doing则表示停止正在做的事情。 should have 也是一种虚拟语气，表示过去本应当做的事情。这里完整的句子应该是: We should have stopped to think, but none of us did. 8. Can you explain to me now why the house was a mess and what you did with the cash we left? 你现在能向我解释为什么家里乱成一团，而你又把我们留下的钱拿去干什么了吗? Be (in) a mess表示“乱成一团”； do with 表示“处理、处置”常和what 连用，它和deal with 不同，deal with 表示“处理、应付” we left 虽然只有两个单词，却是一个定语从句，它前面省略了作宾语的关系代词that或which。 9. They are meant to be read aloud, and often use less formal language than other type of writing. 剧本是要被朗读的，它使用的语言没有其他文体那么正式。 “Be meant to be”+被动语态、名词或形容词，表示“应该用作、本应当作”和 “be supposed to be”相似。例如： Flowers are meant to be admired, not picked. Sitcoms are meant to be light-hearted, but this one is full of violence.副词aloud表示“出声, loudly表示 “大声”。注意loud可以当作副词和talk, speak, laugh连用，例如：They laughed loud and long. Can you speak a little louder? 10. You cant write exactly the way people speak. 你不能原封不动地按照人们日常说话的习惯来写。 the way people speak在这里是方式状语，people speak是定语从句,修饰先行词the way。这句话较正式的写法可以是： You cant write exactly in the way that people speak. You cant write exactly the way in which people speak. 11. But I dont think you are being fair at all. 但我觉得你这样做一点也不公平。 Be+being 构成了be动词的进行时，后面跟形容词或名词，表示主语当前的状况，也可以表示进行时的被动语态。例如： You are silly.你很蠢。(对人的评价，在这里是一种人身攻击) You are being silly你现在的行为或想法很蠢。(就事论事) He is polite.他有礼貌。 He is being polite.他这样做是出于礼貌。 Many rivers and lakes are being polluted through out China. 12. I understand you used to spend a lot of time together back when Christina was younger. 据我所知当克里思蒂娜小的时候你和她一起度过很多时光。 I understand是访谈节目和外交场合中一个常用的辞令，它比I know, I hear, I guess更灵活，对所提及信息的来源和可信度都没有明确的说法，可以根据上下文译成“据我所知、我听说、我猜、我个人的理解是等”, 也可以说My understanding is.。 Back= in the past, 常出现在口语当中。 13. Many people in families become upset with each other over small problems. 许多家庭成员之间因为一些小问题彼此不愉快。 Upset 作vt/ vi 时重音在第二个音节上，过去式和过去分词同形，表示“弄翻、倾覆、扰乱、使不安”。也可作名词，重音在前。本句话里upset是过去分词，become的表语。 表示纷争的起因，用介词over. 例如： The two countries often fight over border disputes. They are always quarreling over minor differences. 14. Small problems become big ones, however, if they are not discussed and dealt with early on. 然而，如果不尽早商讨解决，小问题就会变成大问题。 Deal: n. 数量，a (good/ great) deal of +不可数名词，交易，如： Its a deal(成交)；v.分配、经营。词组deal with 有 和.做生意、与有来往、对待、对付、相关、处理等意思。它作“处理”讲时，要和do with区分清楚。deal with作“处理”讲时是指“怎样对付或解决”，提问时用how; do with作“处理”讲时是指“使用、处置”，提问时用what。例如： How did you deal with pollution in the river?We tried to treat the citys sewage before it poured into the river. What did you do with the sewage?- We treated it and recycled it for industrial use. Early on：near the beginning“在早期、刚开始的时候”，多用于口语中。 15. Recently he has been refusing to do his homework, and instead insists on wasting his time watching DVDs and listening to foreign music. 近来他一直拒绝做他的家庭作业，固执地把时间浪费在看DVD和听外国音乐上。 Have/has been doing是现在完成进行时，指说话前一段时间一直进行或多次重复的动作。 Insist on+n/doing sth: 坚持、坚决主张(做某事)；或insist从句 “that sb (should) do sth”。 要注意persist inn/doing sth也是“坚持”，但insist on坚持的是看法或主张,竭力主张去做某事；persist in坚持的是行为和做法，即不放弃正在进行的事情。例如: He persisted in doing that experiment though the smell in the lab was getting worse and worse. She insisted on going out for a picnic though the sky looked ominously dark. 16. What am I to do? 我该怎么办？ 相当于What shall I do? Be动词不定式表示按计划和情理将要或应该发生的事。例如： The president elect is to make his inaugural speech on Monday. You are to follow his instructions to the word. 17. When I refuse to listen to him, he shouts at me and the two of us fight like crazy. 要是我拒不听从，他就对我大喊大叫，我们俩就会象疯了一样争吵。 “the two of us”我们俩，us仅指我们两人； “two of us”我们中的两个, us 所包含的人数大于二。 like crazy象疯了一样，英语口语中的习惯用法，相当于“as if we were crazy”。还可以说：like cats and dogs。 【语法】定语从句(3) 一、“介词关系代词”结构 (1) “介词关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。这类结构的定语从句通常可以和带关系副词的定语从句互相转换，例如： This is a free country where everyone enjoys freedom of speech. This is a free country in which everyone enjoys freedom of speech. (2) from where为“介词关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如： We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town. (3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of. 二、关系代词在定语从句中作主语的补语 能在定语从句中作主语的补语的关系代词只有that, 这时的that既能指人也能指物，但往往省略。例如: When Laura was born, Bettie decided her daughter would be the singer (that)she always wanted to be. Mr. Lee still talks like the man that he was ten years ago. 三、关系代词as和which 作主语，都可以代表前面整个句子。但由as引导的定语从句可以前置。例如： He saw the girl, as/which he hoped he would. As he hoped he would, he saw the girl. As 还可用于the same.as, such.as, asas 等结构中。例如： Such opinions as he holds sound strange to ordinary people. We are facing the same problem as we did years ago. 【英语俗语】 英语俗语,也和其他语言一样,有许多都是由身体各个部份的名称组成的。例如：To follow your nose是指一直走。另外还有：To play by ear，意思是看着办。其他还有用hand 和foot这些字组成的习惯用语。 这里我们要向大家介绍由腿，也就是leg这个字组成的习惯用语： To pull ones leg。To pull ones leg 初看起来好像和中文里的拉后腿的意思差不多。但是，千万不要被表面现象所迷惑。To pull ones leg的真正意思是逗别人，开别人玩笑的意思。有时候，有的朋友故意讲一些话来骗我们，后来才发现他是在开玩笑。 例如，一个大学生上了同学的当，事后他说： 例句-3: My roommate said this girl had told him she wouldnt mind going out with me. But when I invited her to a movie, I learned he was just pulling my leg. 这个大学生说：我的同房间同学说，那个女孩愿意和我一起出去玩。可是，当我请她去看电影的时候，我才发现我那同学是逗我，开我的玩笑。 要是这个大学生聪明一点的话,他当时就可以对他的同学说： 例句-4: Hey, stop pulling my leg, will you! I dont believe that girl really said she likes me and would like me to take her out. 这句话的意思是：喂，你别逗我行不行！我才不信那个女孩真的说了她喜欢我，还要我邀她出去玩。 和leg这个字有关的俗语里还有一个很有趣的说法,那就是：Break a leg! 从字面上来看，break a leg难道是断了一条腿？或是倒霉？不是，break a leg的确切意思是祝愿别人成功。例如，你的朋友明天要去参加高考，你就可以对他说：Break a leg! Have green fingers 很会种花种菜 Green thumb就是指那些很会种花种菜的人 All thumbs手脚很笨的人 Jump in and get your feet wet到实践中去学 A kettle call the pot black 五十步笑百步 A wet blanket 扫兴的人或事 【英语语调】 语调（intonation）是一句话里声调（pitch）高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。英语有五种基本语调：升调（）、的降调（）、的升降调（）、降升调（）以及平调（）。一句话除了词汇意义（lexical meaning）还有语调意义（intonation meaning）。所谓词汇意义就是话中所用词的意义，而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义。同样的句子，语调不同，意思就会不同，请看下例： 1）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？ B：Sorry？（） Jean用升调说“Sorry”，其意思是“I didnt hear youCould you say that again，please？” 2）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？ B：Sorry（） 在对话2）中，Jean用降调说“Sorry”，显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。 首先要知道英语主要有三种语调，分别是升调，降调和降升调。 升调一般表示不确定 话还没有说完或者礼貌 。经常用于下面几类句型中： （1）一般疑问句（Yes-no questions） Is he coming tonight? Have you got the tickets? （2）反问句（Statements intended as questions） You are definitely coming? You like it? （3）表示安慰或鼓励（Statements intended to be soothing or encouraging.） Come with us. （4）重复（Repetition questions） When did you come? 说话时用降凋，常常给人一种完结的印象。所以能使用降调的句子有以下几类： （1）陈述句（Ordinary statements） You came on Tuesday. Id like some tea. （2）特殊疑问句（Wh- questions） When did you come? Whats the time? （3）带命令口吻的祈使句（Imperative sentences ( strong commands) Put it over there! Go and find it! （4）感叹句Exclamatory sentences What an awful film that was! 如果要表示出说话人改变主意，或话外有话之意，就可以用降升调。它主要出现在下面的句式中： （1）含有对比的陈述句Statements where contrast is implied. You can come on Tuesday but not Monday. He doesnt want it but his brother may. （2）含保留意见的陈述句Statements which imply reservation. I know his face. I like the colour of your dress. （3）否认或矛盾Statements which show disagreement or contradiction I cant do it. -You can. She arrived on Monday. -On Tuesday. （4）警告Warning. Be careful. Dont be late. 【同步练习】 一、 根据上下文用适当的词填空： WORDS AND THEIR STORIES - Birds By Jill Moss Today we will(1)_(解释) some expressions about birds. For example, if something is for the birds, it is(2) _(无价值) or not very interesting. Someone who eats like a bird eats very little. And a birds eye view is a(3) _(总体的) look at an area from above. Did you know that if you tell a young person about the birds and bees, you are explaining about sex and birth. Have you ever(4)_(观察) that birds of a feather flock together? In other words, people who are similar become friends or do things together. There is some good advice. A bird in a hand is worth two in a bush. This means you should not risk(5)_(失去) something you have by trying to get more of something you do not have. Sometimes, I can do two things by performing only one (6)_(动作). This is called killing two birds with one stone. But I would never really kill any birds. I love all kinds animals. This is a real feather in my cap. It is something to be(7)_(骄傲) of. Most of the people I work with are early birds. They believe that the early bird catches the worm. They think that a person(8)_ gets up early in the morning for work has the best chance of(9) _(成功). Everyone in my office works hard but some people have had their wings clipped. Their jobs have been limited. This is because the office is organized by packing order. People with more years and (10)_(经验) are given more (11)_(责任). Some birds expressions are about crows, chickens and ducks. For example, when I am driving. I always travel as the crow flies. I go the most（12）_(直接) way. Anyone who eats crow has to admit a mistake or defeat. Now lets talk about my sister. She is not very young. She is no spring of chicken. She will work any job for chicken feed, a small (13)_（数量） of money. She is easily frightened. For example, she is too chicken livered to walk down a dark street alone at night. Often she will chicken out. She will not go out alone at night. My sister was an ugly duckling. She looked strange when she was a child. But she grew up to be a beautiful woman. Sometimes she thinks too much about having something in the future before she really has it. She counts her chickens before they are hatched. Sometimes her chickens come home to roost. That means her actions or words cause trouble for her. However my sister does not worry about what people say about her. (14)_（批评） falls off her like water off a ducks back. Politicians are sometimes considered lame ducks after losing an election. They have little time left in office and no much power. Congress holds a lame duck session after an (15)_(选举). Important laws are not passed during this period. 二 从上文中找出下列说法对应的英文： 1 一文不值： 2 鸟瞰： 3 物以类聚： 4 一矢二鸟： 5 两鸟在林不如一鸟在手： 6 早起的鸟儿有虫吃： 7 得意之物： 8 束缚手脚： 9 论资排队： 10. 胆小如鼠: 11. 招灾惹祸: 12. (对别人的批评)充耳不闻: 13. 吃苍蝇: 14. 蝇头小利: 15: 过早乐观: 三、选择正确的答案完成下面一段对话： A: Who is it? B: Dad. A: come on in, Dad. B: (1)_. I brought you a sandwich . A: I am hungry. Thanks, Dad. What time ist, anyway? B: Ten oclock. What are you working on? A:.(2)_ B: And.what do you feel? A: Me? (3)_ B: I felt the same way. A:(4)_ B: Oh,(5)_. Well, dont work all night. A: I dont mind, I enjoy writing. B: Well, maybe you should think about becoming a writer. A: Mybe I should. B: You have lots of time to decide. A: (6)_ B: You will be OK. Good night, son. A: Good night, Dad. A.I thought you might be hunger B. Thats the worst partmaking decisions. C. A little scared and excited, too. D. The scary part is leaving home and going to college E. Im writing an article on the feelings about graduation F. leaving home is part of growing up 四、 单项选择 1 The way he did it was different _ we were used to. A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which 2. There were dirty marks on her pants _ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that 3. We had to eat standing up because we hadnt anything _ we could sit on. A. which B. where C. what D. that 4. Mr. Green still talks like the man _ he was ten years ago. A. who B. that C. what D. whom 5. _ can be called a car always rolls on wheels. A. Anything B. Whatever C. All that D. Whichever 6. This is a book _ is red. A. of which cover B. the cover of that C. which cover D. whose cover 7. They didnt call the police till 2 hours later, _allowed the thief enough time to escape. A. when B. which C. why D. how 8. We visited a temple yesterday, in front of_ a small river. A. which flew B. that flows C. which flows D. where flows 9. What _ you want her to do? A. is B. is it C. that D. is it that 10. It was two years ago _ China was hit by SARS. A. that B. when C. in which D. then 11. It was wise of you to _ his advice. A. have B. receive C. approve D. take 12. We take great _ in the achievement of our nation. A. prize B. proud C. pride D. value 13. Your support will make a _ ! A. change B. mark C. choice D. difference. 14. Attributive Clause has already been _ with in the previous unit. A. dealt B. deal C. did D. done 15. You can go out to play,_ that you finish your work first. A. now B. in C. in order D. provided 五、 用下列单词的适当形式填空： insist, , suggest, , forbid, frustrated, express, exact, emotional, merely, regular, solve 1 Learning to drive c