各地高考试题.doc

各地高考试题，就能发现考点大多集中在带有插入语的定语从句；which 、as 引导的非限定性定语从句； where 、 when引导的定语从句以及定语从句和强调句、同位语从句的区别等方面。对定语从句的考查不单纯考查其语法结构，而是把它融入到一定的语境中，考查考生的实际综合运用能力。 高考试题中，主要从以下角度考查定语从句： 考点之一 :正确区分关系代词that引出的定语从句功能强，除不能作定语(用whose)外，其它几个功能都可用that。但命题角度主要以that与which指物时的区别为重点进行命制。例如： （1）Do you have anything in mind _ youd like for supper? Well, _ is OK with me. A. that ; anything B. which ; everything C. what ; whatever D. where ; something （2）The wrong youve done him is terrible, for _ you should make an apology to him, I think. A. this B. which C. what D. that 考点之二: 正确区分关系代词(that或which)与关系副词when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)。重点根据定语从句中所缺成分（即关系词在定语从句中作状语时，使用关系副词when (on which); where(in which); why(for which)；在定语从句中作作主语、宾语或表语时，使用that或which。）来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，绝不能因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地点名词就用where，是reason就用why来确定。因此，认准先行词只是选择关系词的一个方面，更重要的是看其在后面定语从句中充当什么句子成分例如： （3）He should stand near the stage _ he could watch and follow the play. A. where B. when C. that D. there （4）Do you think the reason _ he gave is believable. A. for which B. which C. why D. what （5）We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 考点之三:当先行词在定语从句中作主语时，应注意主谓语的一致性及被动语态问题。尤其要注意在考题中不用定语从句，而是用分词短语作定语。如6）The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written （7）The train that stands at platform 7 / standing at platform 7 is for Wuhan. （8）Any article that is left in these buses / left in these buses will be taken at once to the Lost Property Office. 考点之四-定语从句中不能再重复与先行词有关的代词或副词。必须牢记定语从句中关系词已经替代先行词并且在定语从句中已经充当其成分，故不能再用相关的代词或副词。例如： （8）He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think it B. which I think is C. which I think it D. I think which is （9）This is the hospital _ they visited last year and is the one _ I worked in five years ago Athat；where Bwhere；that Cwhere；where Dthat；that （10）There are dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. A. that B. which C. where D. when 考点之五: 对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查；当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现介词+关系代词。先行词指物，用介词+which, 指人则用介词+whom, 且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则： 1.根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。 2.根据先行词特殊用法而定。例如： （11）This flower doesnt do well in soil other than the one_ it has been specially developed Afor which Bthat Cof which Dwhere （12）Anyway, that evening, _I will tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. A. when B. where C. what D. which 考点之六:关系代词as的考查。关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时既可指人又可指物。它只能替代由such，the same等修饰的先行词；as引导非限制性定语从句时，可放于句首，句中或置于句尾，而which则只能置于主句之后。但如果定语从句为否定句或表示否定意义，使用which。As引导的限制性定语从句有正如之意，而which引导的没有。 例如： （13）Our teacher set us such a difficult maths problem _ we could not work out. A. that B. which C. as D. even （14）Carl said the work would be done by October , _ personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which （15）_ is reported in the newspaper , talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What 考点之七: 解题时要注意题干的内容和句子的结构，（进行必要的语法分析，弄清句子结构。）再行答题。例如： （16）The teacher wanted to teach us _ he knew at this last lesson. A. all which B. all what C. of which D. everything which （17）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _ I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what （18） Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _went wrong again. A. it repair B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired （19）_is well-known that Antarctica is difficult to reach A. It B. What C. As D. Which （20）_is well-known , Antarctica is difficult to reach. A. It B. What C. As D. which （21）_is well-known is that Antarctica is difficult to reach. A. It B. What C. As D. which 虽然定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，但只要从定语从句的形式上、结构上和用法上来分析理解和比较，就一定就能把握定语从句的用法。虚拟语气虚拟语气的使用范围及判断 一、虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。 二、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不 能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反。与现在事实相反。与将来事实可能相反。 三、“后退一步法” 后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是： 与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。 主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。 例：If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. If it should snow tomorrow, they couldnt go out. 四、注意事项 if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。 在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 一、wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气 wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，按“后退一步法”处理从句的谓语动词。注意：与哪个事实相反，不能以主句的时态为判断依据，而是根据从句的意义判断。 二、表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。 注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。 The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him. He insisted that he was honest. 三、would rather 从句 在这种结构中，从句的位于动词用过去形式表示虚拟。 I would rather you did this instead of me. 主语从句中的虚拟语气 一、It be + 形容词 + that （should） 用于该句型的形容词是：necessary, good, inportant, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising 一些名词也可以用于 在该结构中。如：a pity， no wonder 二、It be + 过去分词 + that （should） 用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如：desired， suggested， requested， ordered， proposed等。 三、It is time（about time， high time）that （过去式动词形式或should动词原形） It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now. 表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气：在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用：should原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省略。 例：My suggestion is that weshould go there at once. What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden. A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tired A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prison A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_ A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today -I had rather she _ me tomorrow than today A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told9. -Would you have called her up had it been possible-Yes, but I _busy doing my homework A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that