中考英语复习《时态》精品教学案.doc

中考英语复习 时态知识详解一般过去时用法复习构成方法动词用过去式。主要用法(1) 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态：He went to Beijing last week. 他上周去北京了。He was ill for a week. 他病过一个星期。(2) 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作：He often came to see us last year. 去年他经常来看我们。We played basketball at school. 我们在学校时常打篮球。特殊用法(1) 在宾语从句中，由于时态呼应的关系，可用一般过去时表示现在：I didnt know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。(were 实际上指现在)I didnt know you were so busy. 我没想到你这么忙。(were 实际上指现在)(2) 表示客气委婉的现在：I wondered if you were free this evening. 不知您今晚是否有空。I thought you might want some flowers. 我想您也许想要些花。能这样用的动词主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少数动词。(3) 用于某些特殊结构中表示现在：Its time we started. 我们该动身了。I wish I knew his name. 要是我知道他的名字就好了。一般将来时用法复习构成方法一般将来时通常由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成。基本用法一般将来时的基本用法是表示单纯的将来事实：It will rain tomorrow. 明天会下雨。He will arrive next Monday. 他将于下周星期一到。I shall never forget it. 我将永远不会忘记。将来时的常见表示方法英语中除了“will / shall+动词原形”表示将来时态外，还可以有以下方法：(1) 用“be going to+动词原形”表示。主要表示打算和预测：We are not going to ask him. 我们不打算问他。Look, its going to rain. 瞧，要下雨了。 be going to 后接动词go和come时，通常直接改用其进行时态：Where is he going to go? / Where is he going? 他打算到哪里去？(2) 用“be to+动词原形”表示。主要表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作：He is to buy a new car. 他决定买辆新车。(3) 用“be about to+动词原形”表示。主要表示即将要发生的事：The train is about to leave. 火车即将开出。The film is about to start. 电影马上就要开始了。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用，如不用The train is about to leave soon.(4) 用现在进行时表示。主要表示按计划或安排要发生的事：The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日出发。Were having a party next week. 我们下星期将开一个晚会。该用法有时表示即将发生的动作：Im leaving. 我要走了。(5) 用一般现在时表示。表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事：The train leaves at 7:25 this evening. 火车今晚7:25分开。We have a holiday tomorrow. 我们明天放假。在时间或条件状语从句中也用一般现在时表示将来意义。参见上面有关说明。will shall 表将来与 be going to 表将来的区别两者均可表示将来时间和意图，有时可换用：I think itll rain this evening. / I think its going to rain this evening. 我想今晚会下雨。I wont tell you about it. / Im not going to tell you about it. 我不会把这事告诉你的。两者的区别是：若强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的，要用 be going to；若表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑，而是在说话的当时才临时想到的，则要用 will。比较：“Come to the party.” “OK, Ill bring my boyfriend.” “来参加晚会吧。”“好的，我把我的男朋友也带来。”（临时想法，不能用 be going to）“Why are you taking it out?” ”Im going to wash it.” “干吗要把它拿出来?”“我想把它洗一洗。”（事先考虑的意图，不能用 will）另外，若表示有迹象表明要发生某事，只用 be going to，不用 will：Look at those black clouds. Its going to rain. 看那些乌云，要下雨了。过去将来时用法复习构成方法过去将来时由“would+动词原形”构成。基本用法主要表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情(尤其用于宾语从句中)：They said it would be fine. 听说天气会很好。I knew you would agree. 我当时就知道你会同意的。在一定的语境中也可用于其他从句或句子中：It was six oclock. The sun would soon set. 六点钟了。太阳即将下山。过去将来时的表示方法除“would+动词原形”外，过去将来时还有以下常见表达方式：(1) 用“was (were) going to+动词原形”表示。表示过去某时准备做某事或即将发生某事：I was going to leave when he came in. 他进来时我正要离开。was going to有时可表示过去未曾实现的想法或打算：She was going to see us, but she was too busy. 她本想来看我们的，但她太忙了。(2) 用“was (were) about+不定式”表示。表示在过去看来正要做某事：I was just about to go to bed when he came to see me. 我正要睡觉，他来看我了。(3) 用“was (were)+不定式”表示。表示定于过去某时将要做某事：He was to meet her at 10 on the street. 他约定和她10点钟在街上见面。现在完成时用法复习构成方法现在完成时由“have (has)+过去分词”构成。基本用法(1) 已完成用法(影响性用法)。该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果，同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果：Shes gone to bed. 她睡觉了。（结果：她现在在床上）Have you seen my key? 你看到我的钥匙了吗?（结果：你知道它在哪里吗?）He has eaten nothing today. 他今天什么也没吃。（结果：他现在一定很饿。）(2) 未完成用法(持续性用法)。该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)：Have you waited long? 你等了很久吗？We have been busy this afternoon. 今天下午我们一直很忙。I抳e waited a week for your answer. 等你的回答我等了一个星期。除以上用法外，现在完成时还可表示过去的重复动作甚至将来动作：He has always gone to work by bike. 他总是骑自行车上班。Ill go to bed when I have finished my homework. 我做完作业后就上床睡觉了。since 与现在完成时since 不管用作介词还是连词，句子(主句)谓语通常都用现在完成时：He has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以来，他就一直住在这儿。I havent heard from him since he left. 他走之后我还没接到过他的信。表示时间长度时，通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时：It is ten years since he left here. 他离开这儿已10年了。现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过去时相混淆。其区别是：前者强调对现在的影响和结果，后者不强调这个影响和结果，而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去： I抳e lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)在有些情况下(如与副词just, before, recently等连用时)，用现在完成时和一般过去时均可：He (has) just left the office. 他刚刚离开办公室。I (have) read the book before. 我以前读过这本书。I saw have seen her recently. 我最近见过她。have been to 和 have gone to两者均可后接地点，前者表示去过某地，通常可与表示次数的状语连用；后者表示到某地去了，强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。比较：He has been to Beijing three times. 他去过北京三次。He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。(即现在不在这儿)过去完成时用法复习构成方法过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成。基本用法过去完成时与现在完成时相似，也有“已完成”和“未完成”两种用法，所不同的是，过去完成时将时间推移到过去某一时间之前，即所谓的“过去的过去”。具体地说，它既可表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作，也可表示从一个较早的过去持续一个较迟的过去的动作：I heard she had left the city. 我听说她已离开这个城市。By six olock he had worked twelve hours. 到6点钟时他已工作了12个小时。如何正确运用过去完成时正确运用过去完成时最重要的是要正确理解“过去的过去”。“过去的过去”是一个相对时间，即它相对于一个过去时间而言，在其过去。这种相对的“过去的过去”有时通过一定的时间副词(状语)体现出来，有时则可能通过一定的上下文来体现：The house was quiet. Everybody had gone to bed. 屋子里很安静，大家都睡觉了。“Was Jack at the office?” “No, hed gone home.” “杰克在办公室吗?”“不在，回家了。”表示过去未曾实现的想法过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算，通常连用的动词是 want, think, hope, plan, expect 等：I had wanted to go, but I fell ill. 我本想去的，但我病倒了。I had wanted to buy a computer, but I had not enough money. 我本想买台电脑，但钱不够。过去完成时与一般过去时的区别从用法上说，一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时则表示过去某一时间之前(即过去的过去)发生的动作或存在的状态。但有时某个动作虽然发生在“过去的过去”，但也可用一般过去时，如：(1) 当几个过去的动作用 and, then, but 等连接，且按照动作发生的先后顺序表达时，几个动作均可用一般过去时：I bought a radio but lost it. 我买了一台收音机，但丢了。He stood up, took his coat and went out. 他站起身来，拿起外套，然后就出去了。(2) 由 after, before, as soon as 等连词引导的时间状语从句，由于这些连词已经清楚地表明了主从句谓语动词的先后顺序，所以对于先发生的动作也可用一般过去时表示：I told them the news after you (had) left. 你走后我把这消息告诉了他们。As soon as I (had) put the phone down it rang again. 我刚把电话放下，它又响了。现在进行时用法复习构成方法现在进行时由“am is, are+现在分词”构成。基本用法现在进行时主要表示说话人的说话时刻正在进行的动作、不断重复的动作或目前这个阶段(不一定是说话时刻)正在进行的动作：Look, he is teaching his son. 瞧，他在教他的儿子。(说话时正在进行的动作)He is teaching in a middle school. 他在一所中学教书。(目前阶段在进行的动作)现在进行时有时可表示称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，通常与副词 always连用。比较：Shes always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(表赞扬)She always helps others. 她总是帮助别人。(陈述一个事实)现在进行时表将来现在进行时表将来，主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作：Im leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。Theyre getting married next month. 他们下个月结婚。过去进行时用法复习构成方法过去进行时由“was were+现在分词”构成。基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作：He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。We were expecting you yesterday. 我们昨天一直在等你。He was playing while I was studying. 我在做功课时他在玩。与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可表示称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，如：They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。与一般过去时的区别过去进行时通常表示一个过去正在进行且尚未完成的动作，而一般过去时则通常表示一个过去已经完成的动作：I was reading a book last night. 我昨晚在看书。(不一定看完) I read a book last night. 我昨晚看了一本书。(已经看完) 有些动词(如rain, snow, cough, work等)本身并不表示动作完成，这时用两种时态都可以，且含义区别不大：It rained was raining all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。历年考点【考点1】一般现在时的用法考查一般现在时主要有如下几点用法：1、经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：It seldom snows in Su qian now. 2、现在的特征或状态。例如：He loves sports. 3、普遍真理，一般规律。例如：Light travels faster than sound./ Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 4、可以用来表示一个按规定，计划，安排或时刻表要发生的情况，一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语。通常用来表示学期什么时候要开学、结束；飞机、火车、汽车、船只等交通工具什么时候要到达，什么时候要离开等时刻表上已有安排的活动。动词一般限于少数几个，如：begin, start, stop, arrive, come, go, leave, return, open, close, be等。例如：My plane leaves at 11 a.m. tomorrow./ School begins the day after tomorrow. 5、在if, when, as soon as, until, after, before等连接词引导的时间或条件状语从句中，从句中谓语动词要用一般现在时，主句要用将来时。例如：Turn off the light before you leave./ We will start as soon as you are ready.关于一般现在时应注意以下几点：a. 在间接引语中，如果转述的是客观真理，一般规律，谚语俗语，一般现在时时态保持不变。例如：He said the earth is round. b. if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的情况；但if作为是否意思时，其引导的宾语从句如果表示将来的情况则用一般将来时。When作为当、时候，引导状语从句时，从句用一般现在时表示将来的情况，如：When he comes, I will let you know；如果引导的是宾语从句，表示什么时候，则将来的情况仍然用一般将来时，如：I dont know when he will visit me. c. 一些时间副词如seldom, usually, sometimes, often, never, every day等既可以用于过去时，也可以用于一般现在时。要注意区分。例如：He often goes swimming. / He often went swimming in 1999.【中考链接】1. -Mum, _ shall we have lunch?-We will have it when your dad_.（连云港）A. when; returns B. where; returns C. where; will return D. when; will return简析：A。when在后半句中表示当、时候，状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来情况，根据后半句应该是问时间的，第一空用时间疑问词when.2. -Tomorrow will be Fathers Day. What will you do for your father? - I will say I love you, Daddy as soon as he _ up. （南通）A. will wake B. is waking C. wakes D. woke简析：C。as soon as一、就、，引导时间状语从句。从句中一般现在时表示将来的情况。3. Our teacher said light_ faster than sound. （宿迁）A. travelled B. has travelled C. is travelling D. travels简析：D。光比声音传播速度快是科学真理，在间接引语中一般现在时保持不变。4. -Lets go fishing if it _ this weekend.-But nobody knows if it_.（扬州）A. is fine, will rain B. will be fine, rains C. is fine, rains D. will be fine, will rain简析：A。前半句中if引导的是条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表示将来；后半句if的意思是是否，引导宾语从句，周末下不下雨是未来的事情，用一般将来时。5. -Is your father a doctor? -Yes, he is. He_ in Town Hospital. (武汉)A. has worked B. had worked C. works D. worked简析：C。一般现在时在此句中表示现在的一种状态。即爸爸现在在这所医院工作。【考点2】现在进行时的用法考查现在进行时主要有以下用法：1、表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。常见的时间状语：right now, at present, at the moment, now.常见的标志性动词如：look, listen等。例如：Someone is asking for you on the phone. 2、表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。多有一个表示未来时间的状语。这种情况仅限于少量动词，如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, work, have, stay, play, return等。例如：-Tom, supper is ready. Come quickly. -OK. Im coming.注意：表示状态和感觉的动词如果指现在情况的话，一般不用于进行时，而要用一般现在时。这样的动词有：love, like, hate, want, hope, need, wish, know, understand, remember, belong, hear, see, seem, have(有), sound(听起来), taste（尝起来）等。【中考链接】1. -Wheres your mother, Helen?-She_ the flowers in the garden. （镇江）A. waters B. watered C. is watering D. has watered简析：C。谈话中问妈妈现在在哪儿，可知妈妈正在花园里给花浇水。2. -Hurry up! Its time to leave. -OK, _.（孝感）A. Im coming B. Ill come C. Ive come D. I come简析：A。Im coming意思是我就来。现在进行时表示最近按安排要进行的动作。3. -Shall we invite Tom to play football now? -Oh, no. He his clothes.（泸州）A. is washing B. washes C. has washed D. washed简析：A。上半句对方表示要现在邀请Tom踢足球，但另外一个人说不行，显然，他正在洗衣服现在脱不开身。【考点3】一般过去时的用法考查一般过去时主要有以下用法：1、表示过去某时发生的动作或情况（包括习惯性动作）。常见的时间状语有：yesterday, last night/week, a month ago/ ten years ago和具体的过去时间in 1990, in 2006等。例如：She often came to help me when I was in trouble. 2、发生的时间不是很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的。例如：How nice to see you here! I thought you were out.要注意区分一般过去时和过去进行时。一般过去时表示过去发生的事情，侧重结果；而过去进行时只表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作，而不涉及结果。例如：He was writing a letter last night.（不知道是否写完了） / He wrote a letter last night. (结果写完了)【中考链接】1. Simon_ his fingers when he was cooking the dinner. （盐城）A. burnt B. was burning C. has burnt D. had burnt简析：A。burn此处为瞬间动词，表示烫着，当他在做饭的时候，他烫着了手指，一般过去时在此处表示结果。2. - Im sorry you have missed the bus. It_ five minutes ago.- What a pity! （徐州）A. was leaving B. has left C. left D. leaves简析：C。根据five minutes ago可知是指过去的事情，且表示的是结果，用一般过去时。3. -Mr. Johnson, we have found your watch.-My watch！Thank you. Where_ it?（绍兴）A. do you find B. have you found C. did you find D. were you finding简析：C。发现的动作为过去的事情，表示过去的结果，故用一般过去时。【考点4】过去进行时的用法考查过去进行时主要有以下用法： 1、谈论过去的某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的事。例如：I was reading the newspaper at 6.30 this morning. 2、当过去某一件事情发生时，另外一个动作正在进行。此时，延续性动词用过去进行时，瞬间动词用一般过去时。例如：The earthquake started while I was doing some shopping. 3、可以表示从过去某个时候看来将要发生的事。例如：When his son arrived, the old man was dying.【中考链接】1. - I came to your home yesterday afternoon, but nobody was in. - Oh, we_ some shopping in the supermarket.（南通）A. have done B. did C. were doing D. are doing简析：C。根据对话，可知在对方到他们家时，他们当时正在超市购物。2. -What do you think of the color of my new dress? -Sorry, but what did you say? I_ about something else. （扬州）A. think B. thought C. am thinking D. was thinking简析：D。第二个说话者没有听见对方说什么，可知对方说话时，此人正在考虑别的事情。过去进行时表示一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行。3. I _ my homework while my parents_TV last night.（南京）A. did; have watched B. was doing; were watchingC. had done; were watching D. would do; were watching简析：B。做作业和看电视均为延续性动词，而且是在过去同时进行的两个动作，所以都用过去进行时。【考点5】现在完成时的用法考查现在完成时主要有以下用法：1、谈论开始于过去某个时候而且持续到现在的一个动作。例如：Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born. 2、谈论过去发生的动作，并且和现在存在联系。即过去的某个动作对现在产生影响。Eddie has eaten my food. (Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.) 但是如果单纯谈一个过去的动作，不涉及它对现在的影响时，通常用一般过去时。现在完成时常见的时间状语有：for+一段时间；since+过去的某个时间；so far, yet, recently, over/in the last/past +一段时间；（once, twice, ）threetimes, never, ever, up to now, these days例如：I havent seen him these days./ Have you ever seen each other before?【中考链接】1-Hello，this is Lily speakingCould I speak to Mr. Black? -SorryHe_ the Xuanwu Lake Park（南京）A. has been to; B. went to C. has gone to D. will go to简析：C。说话者此时不在，说明此时已去了玄武湖公园，用现在完成时表示到目前为止还在持续的动作。has been to表示已去过某个地方，而现在不在那个地方了。2. -Would you like to see the film with me?-Im sorry I _it twice. （北京）A. see B. will see C. have seen D. am seeing简析：C。从twice可知说话者已看过这部电影两次了。表示到目前的结果，用现在完成时。3. In the past few years there _great changes in my hometown.（天津）A. have been B. were C. had been D. are简析：A。over/in the last/past +一段时间为现在完成时的时间状语。4. -Kitty, will you go to see the film -Cold Mountain this evening?-No, I wont. I_ it already.（南京）A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see简析：B。用现在完成时表示过去的行为对现在造成影响。不去看电影的原因是因为已经看过了。【考点6】过去完成时的用法考查过去完成时表示过去某个行为或某件事发生之前就已经发生的动作或情况。例如：Hepburn had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar.【中考链接】1. -Did you see Mr. Chen yesterday afternoon?-No. When I got to school, he_ already.（扬州）A. left B. has left C. was leaving D. had left简析：D。到达学校为过去的动作，在这个行为发生之前陈老师已离开了。过去完成时表示过去的过去。【考点7】将来时的用法考查表示将来时态的结构很多。主要有以下几类：1、be going to do表示计划, 打算做某事，例如：Im going to visit my grandparents next Friday evening.也可以表示根据目前情况很可能要发生的事。例如：Its cloudy. Its going to rain. 2、一般现在时，可以用来表示一个按规定，计划，安排或时刻表要发生的情况，一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语。例如：My cousin finishes school next year. 3、现在进行时可以表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。例如：Are you going to the wetlands photo show next week? 4、一般将来时，will/ shall do.，在第一人称I/ We的句子中，可以用shall引导；各种人称都可以用will表示一般将来时。注意：1、时间，条件状语从句中，从句一般用一般现在时表示将来，而主句要用一般将来时。例如：I will go shopping when I am free. 2、临时决定要做某事通常用一般将来时。例如：-Tom is ill in hospital. -Oh, Im sorry to hear that. I will go and see him. 3、将来时态常见的时间状语有：常见的时间状语：next Tuesday, next week, the coming Sunday, this afternoon, tomorrow, tonight等。【中考链接】1. -Ann is in hospital. -Yes, I know. I_ her tomorrow. （盐城）A. visit B. used to visit C. will visit D. am going to visit简析：D。从Yes, I know.可知对方事先已知道Ann生病的消息，已有了去看望她的计划和打算。be going to do表示计划打算做某事。2. Mr. Smith_ a talk on country music next Monday.（北京）A. give B. gave C. has given D. will give简析：D。next Monday为一般将来时的时间状语。3. -Youve left the light on -Oh, sorry_and turn it off(泰州)A. Ive gone B. I11 go C. I went D. Im going简析：B。经人提醒才知道，应为临时决定要去做某事，用一般将来时。4. -Joan, you are late! -Sorry, I _ next time. (浙江)A. dont B. wont C. am not D. havent简析：B。next time是将来的时间状语。表示以后不会再迟到了，所以应用一般将来时。【模拟训练】I. 单项填空。1. -When will you come to see me, Dad? -I will go to see you when you _ the training course.A. finished B. finish C. are finishing D. will finish2. -Wheres your brother? -He; for France for further studies.A. had left B. has left C. 1eft D. will leave3. If you _ him tomorrow, please ask him if he_ to work on the farm with us.A. see; goes B. will see; goes C. will see; will go D. see; will go4. -I wont go to bed until the TV play _over.-Youd better not do that.A. is B. was C. will D. will be5. They _about the coming Olympic Games in Beijing. Lets join them. -Good idea.A. talk B. are talking C. have talked D. talked6. -Where did you put your bag? -Oh, I_ I put it on the chair because the phone rang as I_ in.A. remembered; come B. remembered; was coming C. remember; come D. remember; was coming7. -When_ you_ the e-dictionary? -Last month.A. have; bought B. had; bought C. do; buy D. did; buy8. -Is that Mr. Lu speaking? -Sorry, he isnt in. He abroad on business.A. goes B. went C. has gone D. will go9. -I knocked into a tree when I went to the railway station to meet my friend.-I suppose you_ too fast.A. drive B. are driving C. drove D.