高一英语必修四Module.doc

高一英语必修四Module6教学目的1. 掌握本单元的重点短语和单词用法。2. 掌握情态动词+have done的用法。3. 学会用所学的句子做书面表达。重点难点1. 单词意思和短语辨析。2. 语法知识点和句子组成。3. 如何将一些简单的句子用于书面表达中。教学内容课前回顾回顾Module5的重点词汇、短语表达，回顾Module5的课文内容，尝试用英语说出课文主要信息。课本内容 课程标准要求掌握的项目话题：Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World词汇：grey，creature，mysterious，claim，footprint，hairy，frightening，frightened，fright，exist，sharp，sighting，unlikely，disappear，extinct，evolve，destruction，destroy功能：Talking about possibility and improbability语法：情态动词+have done的用法。重点知识 1. attack v. 袭击；攻击；(疾病)侵袭 n. 攻击；抨击；病情发作(可数名词)【语境领悟】It often gets angry and will attack anyone who goes close to it. 它很容易发怒并会攻击任何靠近它的人。The baby is in poor health, and it is often attacked with a disease. 婴儿的身体状况很差，经常患病。The soldiers made a strong attack on the enemy. 战士们向敌人发起猛烈进攻。 A deputy died of a heart attack during the meeting. 大会期间一名代表因心脏病去世。【归纳拓展】attack sb. with sth. 用某物攻击某人be attacked with a disease 患病make an attack on 攻击under attack 受到攻击a heart attack 心脏病突发【即学活用】完成句子。她开始用一块木头猛打进屋行窃的小偷。She started _ the burglar with a piece of wood. 我们又一次遭到敌人战斗机的袭击。Once again we came _ _ from the enemys fighter planes. If you were _ in the street, would you be able to defend yourself?A. destroyed B. attackedC. advised D. killed2. claim vt. 声称；(根据权利)要求；认领 vi. 要求；声称 n. (根据权利而提出的)要求；索赔；主张；断言 【语境领悟】Xue Junlin,a local photographer, claimed that its head looked like a horse. 薛军林,一位当地的摄影师,声称那个怪兽的头看起来像马。She claimed to have ever been met by the president. She claimed that she had ever been met by the president. 她宣称曾被总统接见过。It is claimed that soap powders pollute the water we drink. 据说肥皂粉污染我们的饮用水。They made a claim for the stolen luggage from the insurance. 他们在行李被偷后向保险公司提出索赔要求。【归纳拓展】【即学活用】完成句子。他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的一种药物，但此事尚未得到证实。They claimed _ a cure for the disease, but this had not yet been proved. 有人认领这个钱包吗？Has anyone _ this purse?要求他赔偿2 000美元的损失。_ for damage. 3calm adj. 平静的；镇静的 v. (使)平静；(使)镇定【语境领悟】You should keep calm even in the face of danger. 即使面临危险, 你也应当保持镇静。Her attempts to calm them down only made matters worse. 她设法使他们平静下来, 不料却适得其反。 【归纳拓展】keep calm 保持镇静calm down 平静下来;镇静下来【易混辨析】calm主要指气候、海洋等风平浪静的；也可指人“安静的，镇静的”keep calm保持镇静；不慌张quiet指没有吵闹、嘈杂的声音，也可指人性格安静keep quiet保持安静still指保持某种姿势一动不动，也可以指环境的安静keep still保持静止silent强调“没有声音或默不作声”keep silent保持沉默【即学活用】用calm/quiet/still/silent填空。When facing danger, we should keep _;when taken photos, we should keep _;when someone else is asleep, we should keep _;but in class, we shouldnt keep _ about the teachers questions. 我们面对危险时应保持镇静；照相时要保持不动；当其他人睡觉时应保持安静；但是在课堂上，对老师的问题不应保持沉默。4. cover vt. 占地多大(面积) 【语境领悟】It is 2,189 metres high and covers an area of about ten square kilometres. 它大约有2 189米高，占地约10平方千米。She covered her face with her hands. 她双手掩面。Ill send our best reporters to cover the 2016 Olympic Games. 我要派我们最优秀的记者去采访2016年奥运会。We covered about 30 miles a day. 我们每天大约走三十英里。【归纳拓展】【即学活用】Do you have enough money to _ all your daily expenses?Oh yes,enough and to spare. A. cover B. spend C. fill D. offer5. exist vi. 存在；在逆境中生活【语境领悟】Some people in some poor countries receive wages that allow them to exist but not to live. 有些贫困国家的人民的收入只能勉强维持生计。Uncertainty and confusion began to exist in the company. 不确定性和混乱在公司里开始产生。It was impossible for them to exist on such a small income. 他们要靠这一点收入生活是不可能的。【归纳拓展】exist in 存在于exist on 靠生存existence n. 存在； 生存come into existence 出现；产生When did the world come into existence?世界是什么时候产生的?幻灯片28【即学活用】同义词替换。I can hardly exist on the wage Im getting. _When did the earth come into existence?_There is nothing _ (存在的) that is unchanging. live oncome into beingexisting幻灯片296. dive vi. 潜水，跳水【语境领悟】After three or four hundred metres it dived into the water. 大约游了三四百米后它就扎进水里了。He who would search for pearls must dive below. 欲寻珍珠,须潜水下。You dive in first and test the temperature of the water. 你先跳下水试试水温。The competitors will dive off the highest board. 参赛者将从最高的跳板上跳水。幻灯片30The policeman made a dive for the dropped weapon. 警察扑向掉下的武器。【归纳拓展】dive into 跳入；钻研，埋头于dive in 头朝下跳入水中；开始大吃dive for 潜水寻找；扑向dive off 从跳水/跳下make a dive for 向冲去幻灯片31【即学活用】She dived _ her bag and took out a couple of coins. A. for B. in C. into D. off【解析】选C。考查固定搭配。句意：她立即将手伸进包里拿出几枚硬币。 dive into ones bag(非正式)迅速将手伸入(包或口袋里)。幻灯片327. unlikely adj. 不可能的【语境领悟】They say that the low-temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures. 他们说,水温这样低的湖泊不可能生存有体形如此巨大的动物。Its too late. He is unlikely to come. 太晚了。他不可能来了。It is unlikely that hell come to help us. 他不可能来帮助我们。幻灯片33【归纳拓展】(sb. / sth. )be unlikely/likely to do sth. 不可能/可能做某事It is/was unlikely /likely that. . . 不可能/可能幻灯片34【即学活用】完成句子。史蒂芬霍金认为地球不可能是仅有的一个有生命逐渐发展的行星。Stephen Hawking believes that the earth _ the only planet where life has developed gradually. is unlikely to be幻灯片35(2010陕西高考)Studies show that people are more _ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure8. stick out 伸出；醒目；坚持【语境领悟】When the Maoris of New Zealand stick out their tongue at someone, it is a sign of respect. 当新西兰的毛利人对某人伸舌头时是尊敬的表示。What had Cutter done to make him stick out from the crowd?卡特做了些什么，让他从众人之中脱颖而出？【归纳拓展】stick out for 坚持要求，坚持索取幻灯片37【即学活用】根据语境填空。不要把头伸到火车窗外面。Dont _ your head _ of the train window. 工人们坚决要求提高工资，决心不达到他们的要求决不罢休。The workers _ for higher wage, and they are determined to _ until they get their demands. stickoutstick outstick out幻灯片389. be back in the news 再次成为新闻【语境领悟】The “Monster of Lake Tianchi” in the Changbai Mountains in Jilin province, northeast China, is back in the news after several recent sightings. 最近几次露面后，中国东北吉林省长白山的“天池怪物”再次成为新闻话题。幻灯片39【归纳拓展】on the news 在广播或电视新闻中in the news 成为新闻, 为报纸所报道break the news to sb. 委婉地把坏消息告诉(某人)It is news to sb. 某人还不知道Chinas Shenzhou-X manned spacecraft flight to space was on the news at the moment. 新闻上正报道着中国“神舟”十号飞天的事。You must break the news of his mothers death gently. 你一定要委婉地把他母亲去世的消息告诉他。幻灯片40【即学活用】英译汉。No news, good news. (=No news is good news. )谚 _Bad news has wings. 谚 _It is completely news to me that he has a wife. 他有太太？_。没有消息,就是好消息。好事不出门,坏事传千里。这对我来说可真是新闻幻灯片41If the journalist finds out the truth, the story will be _ the news immediately. A. in B. at C. on D. of【解析】选A。考查介词。句意：如果记者发现了事实真相，这事马上就成为新闻了。be in the news成为新闻，符合句意。幻灯片4210. close up 靠近；靠拢；(使)关店；(使)闭合；(使)堵住；沉默【语境领悟】There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century, although no one has seen one close up. 自上世纪以来，一直就有关于天池怪物的报道，尽管还不曾有人近距离目睹过。幻灯片43The teacher told the children to close up to each other. 老师让学生们互相靠拢些。The summer house has been closed up all year. 这座消夏别墅关了整整一年。And make it short, because it is time to close up. 简短地说，正是因为快到停业时间了。11. He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water. 他声称看见一个黑黑的、圆圆的动物在水中快速游动。【句式分析】 句中的to have seen是不定式的完成式,表示该动作在句中谓语动词claim前已经发生并完成。A/The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio. 大部分人似乎喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。幻灯片46Youd better tell your father the truth. He seemed to have known the matter. 你最好告诉你父亲事情的真相。他好像知道这件事了。 My brain doesnt seem to be working well today. 我的脑筋今天好像不太灵活。幻灯片47【易混辨析】不定式通常有一般式、进行式、完成式三种形式:to+动词原形表示与谓语的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后to be doing表示与谓语的动作在同一时间发生,并且正在进行的动作to have done表示该动作发生在谓语的动作之前幻灯片48【即学活用】用所给动词的适当形式填空。In the e-mail, I wrote, “I expect _ you, my old friend. ” (see)He seemed _ a novel when I came into the classroom. (read) Bob isnt performing. He is said _ the stage, as he has become an officer. (leave) to seeto be readingto have left幻灯片4912. The director of a local tourist office, Meng Fanying, said the monster, which seemed to be black in colour, was ten metres from the edge of the lake during the most recent sighting. 据当地的旅游办公室主任孟凡迎介绍，最近有人看见怪兽就在离湖边十米的地方，怪物的颜色似乎是黑色的。幻灯片50【句式分析】幻灯片51(2)seem用法一览表。 (to be)+形容词/名词 好像，似乎seem to do sth. 好像要做，似乎要做某事 like+名词 像，似乎是It seems(to sb. )that. . . (在某人看来)好像， 仿佛It seems as if (as though). . . 看样子似乎是There seems to be. . . 似乎有幻灯片52The green leaves seemed more beautiful after the rain. 绿叶在雨后显得更美了。He seems to know everything. = It seems that he knows everything. 他似乎什么都知道。It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎好几年不见了。It seems (that) he is lying. = He seems to be lying. 看样子他好像在撒谎。幻灯片53【即学活用】The engine just wont start. Something seems _ wrong with it. A. to go B. to have goneC. going D. having gone语法与写作 一、基础点拨 情态动词+have done的用法归纳: 1. may/might+have done。 表示对不太把握的过去情况的可能性推测，表示“可能/ 大概(已经)做了某事”的意思。 Tom may have gone to Shanghai，but Im still not sure about it. 汤姆可能已经去了上海，但是我还不能肯定。2. can/could+have done。表示对过去的推测，用于否定句、疑问句中，还可以表示“本来可以做；可能已经做”。She cant have been to your house. She doesnt know your address. 她不可能去过你家，她不知道你的地址。You could have done better，but you were too careless. 你本来能够做得更好，但你太粗心了。3. must+have done。表示对过去发生的事情或行为的较有把握的推测，是一种“十有八九”的肯定的推断，常译为“想必一定；准是”等。这一结构一般不用作否定式。否定意义的表达可用cant/couldnt have done。The ground is rather wet, so it must have rained last night, didnt it? 地面很湿，所以昨晚一定下雨了，对不对？ 4. should/ought to +have done。 表示过去该做某事而没有做的情况，表示说话人后悔、遗憾或责备的语气。 I really regret wasting the hours when I should have studied hard，but it is too late. 我真的很后悔该努力学习的时候浪费了太多时间，但现在太晚了。【名师点津】shouldnt /oughtnt to+have done表示过去不该做某事却已经做了，也表示说话人后悔或责备的语气。You shouldnt have watched TV last night. 你们昨晚本不应该看电视的。5. neednt+have done。表示过去做了其实不必去做的事，可译为“本可不必”等。You neednt have visited my uncle，as he has been all right for a long time. 其实你不必去探望我叔叔的，因为他已经痊愈了好长一段时间了。二、难点突破1. 情态动词+have done有两个主要用法：一是表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态的推测。二是表示对过去发生的动作的遗憾或责备。要关注两种用法的差别。They left here early and should have arrived by now. (表示推测)他们一早就离开了这里，现在应该到了。You should have finished the work yesterday. (表示责备)你应该昨天就完成工作的。2. 注意neednt have done与didnt need结构的不同。She neednt have come to see me yesterday. 昨天她本可不必来看我。(实际上来了)She didnt need to come to see me yesterday. 昨天她不需要来看我。(实际上没来) 3. 含有must have done结构句子的反意疑问句的构成。 He must have studied English last night,didnt he? 昨晚他一定学英语了，是吧？ She must have heard of this,hasnt she? 她肯定已经听说过这件事了，对吧？ 【名师点津】当含有must have done结构的句子中有表示过去的时间状语时，反意疑问句要用相应表示过去的助动词，反之就用have或has构成反意疑问句。 【高考体验】情态动词解题技巧：1. 充分利用句子语境，弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思。 2. 根据上下文信息确定时态，尤其要分清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。3. 注意分清适用句型，是用于肯定句型，还是用于疑问句型或否定句型。1. (2013大纲版全国卷)Since nobody gave him any help, he _ have done the research on his own. A. can B. must C. would D. need解题关键：弄清since从句的含义。思路分析：选B。考查情态动词表示推测。句意：因为没有人帮助他，他一定独自完成了这项研究。can表示推测时，常用于否定句和疑问句，用于肯定句时，表示理论上对客观情况的推测；must表示有把握的推测时，只能用于肯定句，推测的可能性很大，译为“一定”；would常用于虚拟，不用于推测；need表示推测时，常用于否定句。由此可知选B。2. (2013陕西高考)The children _ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. A. must have got B. must getC. should have got D. should get解题关键：理解第二分句的句意。思路分析：选A。考查情态动词。句意：孩子们一定在森林里迷路了；否则他们会按照预定时间来到湖边营地的。根据后半句“would have been”可知是对过去事情的虚拟，must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测，根据句意，应选A。3. (2013四川高考)Why are your eyes so red?You _ have slept well last night. Yeah,I stayed up late writing a report. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont 思路分析：选A。考查情态动词的用法。句意：你的眼为什么那么红？昨晚你肯定没睡好。 是的，我熬夜写一篇报道了。A项cant have done表示对过去的否定推测；B项表示“禁止，不允许”，不能用于对过去的推测；C项neednt have done表示过去不需要做某事(但却做了)；D项不能用于对过去的推测。4. (2013浙江高考)I _ myself moreit was a perfect day. A. shouldnt have enjoyed B. neednt have enjoyedC. wouldnt have enjoyed D. couldnt have enjoyed 思路分析：选D。考查情态动词的用法。句意：我玩得再开心不过了这是完美的一天。D项表示不可能做过，这里是用比较级的否定形式表示最高级的意思，故选D。A项表示本不该做却做了；B项表示本不必做却做了；C项将不会做，用于与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。5. (2012江西高考)We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner. Amay not BneedntCcant Dmustnt思路分析：选B。neednt have done表示过去本来没有必要做某事但已经做了，符合句意；may not have done 过去可能没做过某事；cant have done过去不可能做过某事；must表示推测，不用于否定句，因此选B。may not可能不，neednt不需要，cant不可能。 6. (2012北京高考)We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?A. should face B. might faceC. could have faced D. must have faced 单项填空1. Did Mary come to the party？I dont know. She _ while I was out. A. may have come B. must have comeC. might come D. could come【解析】选A。句意：玛丽来参加聚会了吗？我不知道。当我出去的时候她可能已经来过了。may have done猜测过去可能发生但不知是否真的发生的事情。符合题意，故选A。2. You _ yesterday if you were really serious about the job. A. ought to come B. ought to be comingC. ought to have come D. ought have come【解析】选C。考查情态动词。句意：如果你真认真对待这项工作的话，你昨天就该来。“should/ought to+现在完成时”可表示本该做而没有做的事，有责备的含义。3. He _ have finished his work;otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying music in his study. A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant【解析】选B。从题干的后半部分可知，“他正欣赏音乐”，所以一定是“做完了工作”才去欣赏音乐的。所以选must，表示肯定的推测。4. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _ be twelve. A. should B. would C. will D. shall【解析】选A。考查情态动词。句意：你什么意思？只有10张票吗？应该是12张。should表示可能性推测，意为“应该”，符合题意。would表过去将来；will表意愿；shall表示说话人的允许，许诺，命令,威胁等语气，均不合题意。5. One of the few things you _ say about British people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. A. need B. must C. should D. can【解析】选D。考查情态动词的用法。句意：你能够确定地说的关于英国人的为数不多的事情之一就是他们对天气讨论很多。can表示“可以”。6. She _ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt【解析】选A。考查“情态动词have done”结构。句意：她不可能离开了学校，因为她的自行车仍然在这儿。cant表示不可能；wouldnt have done表虚拟；shouldnt have done本不该做(却已做了)；neednt have done本没必要做(但已做了)。根据句意应选A。7. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. Ashould Bmust Cwouldnt Dcant【解析】选B。考查情态动词对过去有把握的推测。“must have动词-ed形式”表示对过去发生的事情的肯定判断，意思是“(过去)一定做过某事”。8. Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. Well. He _ have gone farhis coats still here. Ashouldnt BmustntCcant Dwouldnt【解析】选C。考查情态动词对过去的推测用法。根据“他的衣服还在这里”推测，前面一句意思是“他肯定没有走远”。must也可以表示推测，但只能用于肯定句，否定推测用cant。9. She is two hours late. What _ to her?Amay happen Bis happeningCcan have happened Dmust have happened【解析】选C。本题对时间的理解是关键。happen 一词的时间应理解为过去时，因为它指的是迟到的原因，而A、B两项是指现在，故排除。表示“可能”的疑问句不可用 must, 所以D也是错误的，因此，只能选C。10. Did you listen to the speech?No, we _ it. But we had a lot of traffic on our way. Acould have attended Bmust have attendedCcould attend Dshouldnt have attended【解析】选A。考查的是虚拟语气，表示“本来能做某事但实际上却没做”，即与过去事实相反，要用couldhave done形式。11. (2013唐山高一检测)What do you think of the film Avatar?It _ be better. I even want to see it twice. Awont BcouldntCshouldnt Dmightnt【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意：你觉得电影阿凡达怎么样？再好不过了，我甚至想看第二次。cant/couldnt与比较级连用，表示“再也没有更的了”。类似的用法还有“I couldnt agree more. (我完全同意。)”。12. Mum，would you please buy me an MP5 player?If you can help do the dishes the whole vacation, you _ have one as a reward. Amust Bneed Cwould Dshall【解析】选D。考查情态动词。答句句意：如果你整个假期能够帮忙洗盘子的话，就会得到一个MP5作为回报。shall用于第一、三人称问句中表示征询对方意见；shall用于第二、三人称的肯定句中，表示“警告、许诺、命令、威胁”等语气。本题中shall表示允诺。13(2013南昌高一检测)The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. You _ the trouble to carry your raincoat with you. Ashould have taken Bcould have takenCneednt have taken Dmustnt have taken【解析】选C。句意：昨天天气很好，你本来不必费力带着雨衣的。should have done本应做某事，但却没做；could have done可能做了某事；neednt h