高中必修一英语语法.docx

高中必修一英语语法一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every, sometimes, at, on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。3) 表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I dont want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。2 一般过去时的用法1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?2)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。3)句型：It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time that sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了 ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示宁愿某人做某事。例如：Id rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。 比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义：她已不在人间。) Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义：她现在还活着) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如： Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗? I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。2)情态动词 could, would。例如： Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗?3 used to / be used to used to + do：过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如： Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。be used to + doing： 对已感到习惯，或习惯于，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如： He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。典型例题 - Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it. - Its 69568442A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。4 一般将来时1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如： Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢? Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如： He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如： If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.6 be to和be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如： I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排) Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)7 一般现在时表将来1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。2)以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。3)在时间或条件句中。例如： When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。 Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如： I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。 返回动词的时态目录 11.8 用现在进行时表示将来 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如： Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗? 返回动词的时态目录 11.9 现在完成时 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have (has) +过去分词。1. Only after my friend came _. (2005 福建)A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computerC.was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired【解析】选C本题考查的是由only引导的状语提到句首时，需要倒装。2. It wasnt until nearly a month later _ I received the managers reply. (2005 全国)A. since B. When C. as D. that【解析】选D本题考查 not.until 句型用在强调句中的用法。3. Its the present situation in poor areas that_ much higher spending on education and training. (2005 北京)A. answers for B. provides for C. calls for D. plans for【解析】选C要解好本题，关键是要弄清四个选项意思。answer for“对负责”;pmvide for“提供”;plan for“为计划”;call for “需要”，本单元出现过call for courage “需要勇气”。4. If I _ plan to do anything I wanted to, Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. (2005 湖北)A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to【解析】选B本题考查if引导的虚拟语气结构。从Id like to go. 判断，本句为与现在事实相反，故选B。5. Your uncle seems to be a good driver; _, I wouldnt dare to travel in his car. (2005 江西)A. even so B. even though C. therefore D. so【解析】选Aeven so表示“即使这样”，so 表示上文所提到的句子。even though等于even if“即使”。6.- You havent lost the ticket, have you7- _ I know its not easy to get anotherone at the moment. (2004 江苏)A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. 1 hope so D. Yes, Im afraid so【解析】选A I hope not是省略的说法，指代前面的内容You havent lost the ticket。它的意思是“但愿我没有丢票”。与下文的“一票难求”相吻合。7. Happy Birthday, Alice! So you have _ twenty-one already! 2004 天津)A. become B. Turned C. grown D. passed【解析】选Bturn 指转变成为与原来完全不同的事物，强调变化的结果。即你已经是二十一岁了，而不是二十岁。become强调变化过程的完成，强调状态的变化。grow表示渐渐成为新的状态，或表示从某种状态向其对立的状态变化的自然现象，强调变化的过程。8. It was _ back home after the experiment.(2004 湖北)A. not until midnight did he goB. until midnight he didnt goC. not until midnight that he wentD. until midnight when he didnt go【解析】选A本题考查not until在强调句中的变化，只有A正确。9. - Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.- Thanks. You _ it. I could managed it myself. (2005 福建)A. neednt do B. neednt have doneC. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done【解析】选D“情态动词 + 完成时态”用来表示对过去某一事实的假设或推测，根据上下文可以得知凯瑟琳自己可以做，所以对方“本不必做”。10. Mum is coming. What present _ for your birthday?(2005福建)A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she gotC. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got【解析】选Cdo you expect 通常被看作插入语，而不写成Do you expect what she has got，所以后面的宾语从句仍用陈述语序。11. I always take something to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait. (2005全国II)A. in case B. SO that C. in order D. as if【解析】选Ain case引导句子或单独使用，上面句子中in case I have to wait “以防我去等”，使上下文逻辑通顺。12. - Im afraid Mr. Wood cant see you until 4 oclock.- Oh, _ I wont wait. (2005浙江)A. no doubt B. after all C. in that case D. in this way【解析】选Cin this / that case (要是这样/那样的话)。13. He _ have completed his work; otherwise,he wouldnt be enjoying hirnself by the seaside.(2005北京)A. should B. Must C. wouldnt D. cant【解析】选A根据下文“否则他在海边没法玩得痛快。”可以推出上一句“他本应该要完成他的工作。”should have done表示后悔或责备，意为“本应该做了(但事实上没做)”。14. I _ have been more than six years old when the aecident happened. (2005天津)A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt【解析】选B“情态动词 + 完成时态”用来表示对过去某一事实的假设或推测。尤其用来