论如何搞好机械设备的管理与维修保养.doc

/ / 论如何搞好机械设备的管理与维修保养On how to improve the quality of machinery and equipment management and maintenance 机械设备是企业至关重要的施工工具,也是企业的外部形象之一。确保机械设备资源的过程使用能力,以良好的设备经济效益为企业的生产经营服务,是机械设备管理的主题和中心任务,也是企业管理的重要对象。因此,如何加强企业机械设备的管理力度,充分发挥机械设备效能,挖掘机械设备的潜力,具有重要的现实意义。Machinery and equipment is the enterprise important construction tools, is also one of enterprises external image. Ensure resources using ability, the process of mechanical equipment to good equipment, economic benefit for the enterprise production and business operation services, is subject and the central task of mechanical equipment management, and enterprise management of the important objects. Therefore, how to strengthen the management of enterprise equipment, give full play to the mechanical equipment performance, the potential of mining machinery and equipment, has important practical significance. 一、机械设备管理工作存在的问题A, mechanical equipment management problems (一)设备管理工作中存在着潜在的安全隐患(a) there is a potential safety hazard in the equipment management work 由于目前不规范,管理制度未完全到位,一部分企业的领导为了追求利润和政绩,千方百计降低成本,必须的设备更新改造资金舍不得投入,致使设备异常陈旧、老化现象较普遍的存在,设备中存在着隐患,埋藏着诱发事故的祸根。Because now is not standard, management system is not fully in place, part of the enterprise in pursuit of profits and the leadership of the record, one thousand ways to reduce the cost, must be the equipment renewal and reconstruction funds to investment, the obsolete equipment abnormal, aging phenomenon is relatively common, there are hidden dangers in equipment, induced buried the bane of the accident. (二)企业的设备管理工作逐步弱化(2) the enterprise equipment management work gradually weakening 企业内不重视设备管理工作这种现象普遍地存在。首先在企业诸多管理工作中,生产经营、安全无疑是被摆在最重要位置上的,而设备管理则成了说起来重要,做起来次要,忙起来不要的“下等”工作。其次,许多企业中缺乏真正既有专业技能,又具备管理协调能力的专项人才。第三,资质高、管理能力强的企业目前大都作为施工总承包单位出现,客观上退出了设备管理工作的一线,这也是该项管理工作正在弱化的重要原因。Enterprises do not take the equipment management work within this phenomenon universally exists. First in enterprise management work, production and operation, safety is undoubtedly is the most important position, and the equipment management become is important, to do a secondary, work busy not inferior. Second, many enterprises lack of true both professional skills and special talents and management coordination ability. Third, high qualification and management capability of enterprise currently mostly appear as construction general contracting unit, the objective out of the line equipment management work, this is also are important reasons for the weakening of the management. (三)工人队伍发生了变化,给做好设备管理增加了难度(3) the workers changed, to make equipment management more difficult 我国的工人由原来企业自有的1-8级技术工人,变成了绝大部分是未参加过任何培训的、游兵散将似的劳务工、临时工。这部分人员素质参差不齐,对机械设备的性能、操作规程、维护保养等基本常识知之甚少。再加上他们的工作内容大部分属承包性质等客观条件,决定了本该由这部分人来完成的设备的日常维护、保养工作不会被完整地进行,设备的日常维护工作也只能停留在表面上。Workers from enterprises in our country has its own 1-8 of skilled workers, turned out to be mostly do not attend any training, swimming are scattered like LaoWuGong, temporary workers. This part of the personnel quality is uneven, the performance of mechanical equipment, operating procedures and maintenance of basic common sense. Plus they most of the work content of the nature of contract and other objective conditions, determine the should have been done by this part of the equipment of the daily maintenance and maintenance work is not complete, equipment routine maintenance can only stay on the surface. 二、机械设备管理的措施Second, the mechanical equipment management measures 机械安全是从人的需要出发,在使用机械的全过程(使用、维修、保养)的各种状态下,达到使人的身心免受外界因素危害的存在状态和保障条件。针对以上几个难点问题,结合施工过程的实际情况提出以下几点解决措施。Machinery safety from peoples needs, in the use of mechanical process, use, maintenance, maintenance) under the various states, to make peoples body and mind from external factors endangering the existence of the state and guarantee conditions. For more than a few difficulties, combined with the actual situation of the construction process put forward the following solutions. (一)正确选型,合理调配(a) correct selection, reasonable allocation 任何一种机械由于自身的性能、结构等特性,都有一定的使用技术要求。如能严格地按规定合理使用机械,就能充分发挥机械效率,减少机械磨损,延长使用寿命,降低使用成本。对于各项目之间的机械调配问题,做到提前及时的掌握机械设备方面的需求、退场信息,安排好机械设备调用过程中的二次保养维护工作,解决好使用与保养的矛盾冲突。Any kind of machinery due to its performance, structure features, there are the use of the technical requirements. To strictly in accordance with the provisions, the rational use of machinery, can give full play to the mechanical efficiency, reduce mechanical wear and prolong service life, reduce the cost. For of all the machinery allocation problem, the project early and timely grasp the mechanical equipment requirements, exit information, arrange equipment called two times in the process of maintenance maintenance, solve good use and maintenance of the conflict. (二)做好特种设备的安全检测(2) prepare special equipment safety inspection 特种设备就是与人身、财产安全,人体健康密切相关的承压和载人设备的总成,在生产过程中,比一般性生产设备具有更大的潜在危险性。由于特种设备是属于危险性较大的设备,易发生事故造成操作者本人或他人的伤害,以及机械设备,公共设施等重大的财产损失,为保证其正常运行必须进行定期和巡回检测检验,以避免机械事故的发生,保障生产安全和生命安全。Special equipment is with the personal and property safety, human health is closely related to the pressure and manned equipment assembly, in the process of production, than the general production equipment has a greater potential risk. Due to special equipment belongs to greater danger, prone to accidents caused by the operator to harm himself or others, as well as mechanical equipment, public facilities and other major property losses, to ensure its normal operation must be carried out regularly and circuit inspection, to avoid mechanical accidents, and ensure production safety and life safety. (三)人员培训,持证上岗(3) staff training and show certificates 人员培训包括作业技能的培训与人员的安全教育培训。人员的培训教育工作要做到有计划、有部署、有检查、有考核、有针对性:一要抓好施工项目机械操作人员的准入关,将上岗前的三级安全教育工作做到位;二是编制相应的安全生产知识与安全操作规程手册,发给现场的每一位作业人员;三是做好机械设备管理人员的安全培训工作。同时,对相关人员的安全教育培训工作应树立“全员安全教育培训”的理念。无论什么人,只要直接或间接地参与机械设备相关生产活动,就必须受到安全教育培训,上至领导,下到一般工作人员,甚至包括生产者的家属,要让他们知道所从事的生产劳动其安全的重要性和防护意识、自我保护意识和自我保护方法,让他们从思想上认识到安全的重要性,从而达到从源头上控制机械设备安全事故的发生。Staff training, including operation skills training and safety education training. Personnel training education work to do in a planned way, deployment, inspection, examination and targeted: a mechanical operation personnel access to pay special attention to the construction project, the level 3 safety education work done before mount guard; 2 it is to prepare the corresponding knowledge of production safety and safe operating procedures manual, each sent to the scene of the homework personnel; 3 it is to do the safety training work of mechanical equipment management. At the same time, the related personnels safety education training work should establish the concept of safety education training. No matter what person, as long as directly or indirectly participate in the activities related to production machinery and equipment, it must be safety education training, up to the leadership, down to the general staff, including producers of family members, let them know the importance of its safety and are engaged in productive labor protection consciousness, ego to protect consciousness and self-protection methods, let them realize the importance of safety on thought, so as to achieve from the source to control machinery safety accidents. 三、机械设备强制保养的经济效益3, mechanical equipment compulsory maintenance of economic benefits 维护保养技术要求简单,费用低,同时保证设备的正常作业,减少零部件的磨损,延长设备的使用寿命,特别对大型主要机械,必须强化必要的技术保养作业,以消除故障隐患,保证设备正常运行。更能减少大量的不必要成本,极大提高企业的经济效益。Maintenance technical requirement is simple, low cost, at the same time, guarantee normal operation of equipment, reduce the wear and tear of spare parts, and prolong the service life of equipment, especially for large main machinery, must strengthen the necessary technical maintenance work, to eliminate the problems, ensure the normal operation of equipment. Can reduce a lot of unnecessary costs, greatly improve the economic benefits of enterprises. 设备使用年限越短,可靠性越高,使用年限越长,可靠性越低。可靠性越低即机械设备容易发生故障,设备的有形磨损越严重,修复其所需费用也就越大。现代化机械设备是资金密集的装备,设备投资和使用费用十分昂贵,迫切要求设备管理的经济效益。The shorter the equipment use fixed number of year, the higher reliability, longer service life, lower reliability. The lower reliability of the mechanical equipment are prone to failure, physical wear and tear of equipment, repair their expenses. Modern machinery and equipment is capital intensive equipment, equipment investment and use cost is very expensive, the economic benefits of pressing for equipment management. 四、机械设备的维护保养方法、措施Four, mechanical equipment maintenance methods and measures 首先,强保养、零等候工程制度,其工程的主体内容是:以“强保养”为核心,辐射修订和实施以生产者为执行主体的64种类别的设备完好标准和操作维护保养规程,指定了主要生产设备的维修保养条例等管理制度;以“零等候”为核心,辐射设备修管人员为执行主题的软硬件增补与完善。“零等候”是指:设备发生故障后等候维修人员时问为零,等候维修备件时问为零,等候维修工具时问为零,等候维修资料时问为零。“强零工程”对于企业来说同样具有较高价值。First, strong wait for engineering system maintenance, zero, the project main content is: maintenance as the core, radiation, revision and implementation of producers to carry out the main standard of 64 categories of equipment in good condition and operation and maintenance procedures, specifies the main production equipment maintenance regulations and other management system; Waiting for zero as the core, radiation equipment repair staff to carry out the theme of the hardware and software supplement and perfection. Wait zero means: equipment failure after waiting for maintenance personnel when q is zero, when q is zero, maintenance spare parts when q is zero maintenance tools, waiting repair data when q is zero. Strong zero project also has high value for enterprises. 针对机械设备保养的现状以及施工企业的新特点、新情况,我国提出了机械设备强制保养制度。机械的维修保养可以提高效率,但如何在保证使用效率的前提下使维修保养的费用达到最低,最终达到企业的经济效益最优,笔者经过长期的实践和探索总结出几条建议:In view of the situation of equipment maintenance and the new characters of construction enterprise, the new situation, our country put forward the mechanical equipment maintenance system. Machinery maintenance can improve the efficiency, but how to under the premise of guarantee the use efficiency to achieve the lowest maintenance cost, and ultimately achieve optimal economic benefit, the author through long-term exploration and practice sums up a few Suggestions: 提高认识,明确强制保养的原则,所谓强制保养,是对保养的硬性规定,必须按时进行,决不能因为工作紧张而不安排时间、人员进行保养。要开展现代化设备管理教育,使各级领导和广大设备管理者明白机械设备的完好率和使用寿命,很大程度上决定于保养工作的好坏。Raise awareness, clear mandatory maintenance principle, the so-called compulsory maintenance, is the hard and fast rules for maintenance, should be carried out on time, must not because working strain without time, personnel for maintenance. To carry out the modern education equipment management, make the leaders at all levels and the vast majority of equipment managers understand that the intact rate and service life of mechanical equipment, to a large extent depends on the maintenance of good or bad. 要建立健全保养制度并合理确定维护保养周期 施工企业应该采取定期维护、保养、检查(点检)制,执行“养修并重,预防为主”的方针,严格执行定班保养、定期保养、巡回保养制度,并按各级保养规程执行,低级保养由操作人员进行,高级保养由维修人员会同机械操作上进行。只有保养做好了,机械出现故障的几率下降了,才能降低维修费用,提高经济效益。同时,维护保养周期应根据机械设备使用维修的实际情况,收集使用维修的各种数据,分析机械设备各子系统的使用标准,故障出现的规律等多种因素综合确定,其方法有概率统计法、技术一经济分析法和维护作业统计法等。To establish and perfect the system of maintenance and reasonable maintenance cycle construction enterprise should take regular maintenance, maintenance, checking (check) system, implementation of paying equal attention to repair, prevention first policy, strictly implement fixed class maintenance, regular maintenance, circuit, maintenance system, and maintenance procedures at all levels in accordance with, the low-level maintenance shall be conducted by the operating personnel, senior maintenance conducted by maintenance personnel, in conjunction with the mechanical operation. Only the maintenance done, risk of mechanical failure decreased, to reduce maintenance costs, improve the economic benefit. At the same time, the maintenance period shall be in accordance with the actual conditions of use mechanical equipment maintenance, collect all kinds of data of operation and maintenance, analysis of the subsystems of the mechanical equipment using a standard, rule and other comprehensive factors determine failure occurs, the method have a probability statistics method, technical economic analysis and maintenance job statistics, etc. 强化机械设备保养的技术管理,机械设备具有施工工期较强的季节性、施工作业的分散流动性和作业环境的恶劣。针对设备的这些特点,加强机械设备的保养,和及时维修是强化其技术管理工作的主要内容。首先,加强保养,确保设备技术状况良好,要树立“按时保养、按级保养、按项保养”的思想,突出“科学性、强制性、预见性”,做到防患于未然。其次,精心修理,保障设备及时修复。在设备维修工作中要配备技术水平高、经验丰富的维修人员,突出预防性、针对性和有效性,注重装配工艺和优化修复工艺。Strengthening the management of mechanical equipment maintenance technology and mechanical equipment construction has created a strong seasonal and construction of the dispersing liquid and bad working environment. According to the characteristics of equipment, strengthen the mechanical equipment maintenance, and repair in time is the main content of strengthening its technical management work. First, stre