人教版选修七Unit 3 Under the sea reading课时作业（2）.docx

unit 3 under the sea reading课时作业.阅读理解ateach and travel:use our sponsorship to become acertified teacher in weekswhere the world meetswhats included in the sponsored anglo-tefl (teaching english as a foreign language) scholarship:a partly sponsored, 120-hour online tefl training course210 hours of real-life teaching experiencea tefl certificate upon completion of the scholarshipfull board during angloville programs (three meals a day)how it works:applychoose your venues (地点)and apply online refundable confirmation feepay 69 eur confirmation fee (50 eur refundable (可退还的) on completion)teaching practiceget access to tefl course & attend teaching practice with anglovilletypes ofteaching experience programmes:angloville juniorideal for 1835-year-old anglo-tefl participants. you will be tutoring teenagers aged 1218 years old. a lot of games, sports, conversations and fun to be expected!angloville adultideal for 30+ year-old anglo-tefl participants. you will be tutoring adult learners. most days consist of 1 on 1 conversations with various professionals.my commitments:participants combine several 311 day programs into a longer package ranging from 48 weeks in total. during each program, participants talk on average for around 1011 hours a day. the most important difference between angloville and a traditional english course is that we do not teach through books or theory. we will provide materials, but only to help stimulate (刺激) diverse conversations.apply if you: are aged 18+ for junior programs and aged 25+ for adult programs are a native english speaker have completed high school have ability to cope with challenges, good communication skills, cultural sensitivityopen-mindedness is key to being a good participant in angloville. if you enjoy new cultures, experiences, and people, this will undoubtedly be a wonderful opportunity for you.1.what do we know about the angloville programs?a.meals are partly sponsored by the programs.b.confirmation fee will be fully refunded later.c.1 on 1 talks are arranged for junior participants.d.material-stimulated talks make angloville different.2.what is the determining factor to be a good participant in angloville?a.academic achievements.b.communication skills.c.cultural sensitivity.d.open-mindedness.bthere might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet todaya huge number. but add up all of the complex species that ever lived and some biologists think the grand total would be about five billion. the estimate leads to an astonishing conclusion:a staggering 99% of species are not around any more. they have been driven to extinction.more species are joining the ranks of the extinct every year. many scientists believe we are living through an episode of remarkably rapid extinction, on a scale that has been seen only five times in the last half a billion years.they call this current episode the sixth mass extinctiona large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. and they tend to agree that humans are the main cause.over-hunting, overfishing, and human-driven habitat loss are pushing many species to the brink. in fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting that we have entered a new phase in earths history, an epoch they call the “anthropocene”. by 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the worlds current species.because we are living through this extinction, it is relatively easy for us to study the driving forces behind it. but how do we determine what caused other mass die-offs that happened long ago? to do so we have to look at what archaeologists, paleontologists, geologists and other scientists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered.the trouble is, those scientists do not always agree with one anothereven about the most recent extinction event. as well as the five-or six-mass extinctions, there have also been many smaller extinctions.one of these mini extinction events happened towards the end of the pleistocene, a few tens of thousands of years ago. it is sometimes called the “megafaunal” extinction because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg). however, its cause remains a debate amongst scientists.3.what can we learn about the sixth mass extinction?a.humans are the main cause of it.b.it means a global decline over a long time.c.it occurred towards the end of the pleistocene.d.scientists still disagree about the cause of it.4.what can be inferred from the text about species?a.99% of species will not be around any more by 2100.b.by the 22nd century, there will probably be about five million on this planet.c.about eight years later we will enter what is called the “anthropocene”.d.it is not easy for us to figure out causes behind the“anthropocene”.5.which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?a.land animals.b.marine life.c.huge animals.d.flesh-eating creatures.cold problem, new approacheswhile clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after co2 emissions(排放) peak. so even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. here i will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.when it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. we are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. this is why, in part at least, the us national climate assessment says that:“there is no one-size fits all adaptation.”nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. floods have become more damaging in bangladesh in recent decades. mohammed rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. his not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. but he is also working at a far more fundamental level:his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.elsewhere in asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. chewang norphel lives in a mountainous region in india, where he is known as the ice man. the loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. norphels inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. he directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. his fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. having created nine such ice reserves, norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3 of water. climate change is a continuing process, so norphels ice reserves will not last forever. warming will overtake them. but he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.increasing earths reflectiveness can cool the planet. in southern spain the sudden increase of greenhouses(which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. while spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. this example should act as an inspiration for all cities. by painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.in peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. the outcome is still far from clear. but the world bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”.more ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. a friend of mine owns an area of land in western victoria. over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. but during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. farmers in many countries are also adapting like thiseither by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. this is common sense. but some suggestions for adapting are not. when the polluting industries argue that weve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, its a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. but the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. after all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.6.the underlined part in paragraph 2 implies .a.adaptation is an ever-changing processb.the cost of adaptation varies with timec.global warming affects adaptation formsd.adaptation to climate change is challenging7.what is special with regard to rezwans project?a.the project receives government support.b.different organizations work with each other.c.his organization makes the best of a bad situation.d.the project connects flooded roads and highways.8.what did the ice man do to reduce the effect of global warming?a.storing ice for future use.b.protecting the glaciers from melting.c.changing the irrigation time.d.postponing the melting of the glaciers.9.what do we learn from the peru example?a.white paint is usually safe for buildings.b.the global warming trend cannot be stopped.c.this country is heating up too quickly.d.sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.10.according to the author, polluting industries should .a.adapt to carbon pollutionb.plant highly profitable cropsc.leave carbon emission aloned.fight against carbon pollution11.whats the authors preferred solution to global warming?a.setting up a new standard.b.reducing carbon emission.c.adapting to climate change.d.monitoring polluting industries.参考答案.阅读理解a语篇解读这是一篇应用文,介绍了有关angloville 项目的有关信息以及申请的条件。1.d细节理解题。由my commitments:部分中的“the most important difference between angloville and a traditional english course is that we do not teach through books or theory. we will provide materials, but only to help stimulate (刺激) diverse conversations.”可知,angloville和传统英语课程不同的地方是它不通过课本和理论进行教学,而是提供材料,目的是帮助刺激不同的交谈。结合选项可知,d选项符合题意。2.d细节理解题。由最后一段中的“open-mindedness is key to being a good participant in angloville.”可知,成为一个好的参与者的关键因素是思想开放,故d选项正确。b语篇解读本篇探讨的话题是关于一些物种灭绝的原因。许多科学家认为,我们正经历着地球史上第六次大规模物种灭绝,而且他们倾向于认为人类的过度捕猎、过度捕捞和栖息地的丧失是主要的原因。因为我们正在经历这种灭绝,所以研究其背后的原因是相对容易的。但是,各个科学家对过去物种灭绝原因有着不同的看法,即便是最近的一次物种灭绝,有关的灭绝原因,科学家仍在争论。3.a细节理解题。第三段提到大规模物种灭绝是在a relatively short period of time,所以b项错误;最后一段提到这些小规模物种灭绝之一发生在the end of the pleistocene,而第六次大规模物种灭绝是当下正在发生的,所以c项错误;根据第三段 “they call this current episode the sixth mass extinctiona large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. and they tend to agree that humans are the main cause.”可知,科学家认为人类是第六次大规模物种灭绝的主要原因,没有不同意见,因此d项错误,a项正确。4.b推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的“a staggering 99% of species are not around any more”可知,目前地球上已经有99%的物种灭绝了,不用等到2100年,所以a项错误;根据第四段中的in fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting that we have entered a new phase in earths history, an epoch they call the “anthropocene”.可知,我们现在已经进入了“人类世”时代,而非8年后,所以 c项错误;同样根据该句可知,科学家认为我们现在已经进入“人类世”时代的原因是we have changed the planet so much,原因很明确,所以d项错误;根据文章第一句话中的“there might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today”以及第四段中的 “by 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the worlds current species.”可知,到22世纪,地球还会有目前物种的1/2会灭绝,也就是10 million的一半,即five million,因此b项正确。5.c词义猜测题。由下文对该词的解释 “because many of the species it claimed w