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C12.6.1 炉次或批次试验 要求对焊条或与焊剂、保护气体或混合气体联合使用的焊丝等焊接材料进行分类的这些试验在AWS 填充金属技术条件指定的A5.XX系列中有详细的规定。当焊接在特定的试验条件下完成时，这些由A5技术条件要求并由填充金属制造商完成的试验，要被设计成可以对各种各样的焊接材料分类，并演示证明这些焊接材料有能力产出具有必需的机械性能的完好焊缝。因为填充金属试验使用特定的统一程序,所以同类的试验结果可以比较。Subsection 12.6.1 requires the manufacturer of thewelding consumables to perform heat or lot testing todemonstrate conformance to the A5 requirements. TheContractor shall provide certified copies of all pertinenttest reports to show evidence that the electrodes furnishedconform with all provisions of the AWS fillermetal specifications and the FCP. The tests shall properlyrepresent the electrodes used in the work. Accepted heatsand lots of welding consumables that conform to thesame specification and are made by the same manufacturermay be interchanged without concern that differentcombinations will adversely affect the quality of the weldmetal produced. 12.6.1章节要求焊接材料制造商通过完成炉次或批次试验以证明焊接材料符合A5要求。承包商必须提供所有相关的试验报告的证书复印件为其供应的焊条符合AWS填充金属技术条件和本FCP提供证据。这些试验必须完全代表生产中所用的焊条。符合相同的技术条件，并由同一制造商生产的已经接受的批次或炉次焊接材料，在不关注不同的材料组合会对所产生的焊接金属形成不利的质量影响的情况下，可以互换。C12.6.1.1 Exemptions. Filler metal manufacturersthat produce filler metal products under a continuingquality assurance program, audited and approved by oneor more of the agencies described in 12.6.1.1, haveproven that their quality is consistent, and may providestandard products that are not required to be heat or lottested. Certified copies of compliance by the auditingagency is adequate to verify conformance with this section.C12.6.1.1 免除试验： 如果填充金属制造商按照12.6.1.1提及的一个或几个机构所审核和批准的持续质量保证程序生产填充金属产品，并已经证明其产品质量是恒定的，那么此填充金属制造商可以供应无需炉次或批次试验的标准产品。由审核机构审核的证明复印件能足够核查与本章节要求的一致性。C12.6.2 Diffusible Hydrogen of Weld Metal. The resistance to brittle fracture of a welded connection is dependentupon eliminating conditions that might reasonablybe anticipated to lead to the initiation of cracks. TheFracture Control Plan limits the addition of unacceptablelevels of diffusible hydrogen during the fabrication offracture critical members or member components.C12.6.2 焊缝金属扩散氢: 焊缝连接抗脆性断裂的能力依赖于消除那些可以合理地预期到的能导致初始裂纹产生的条件。在有脆性断裂倾向的部件或组件的制作中，本FCP就是限制不可接受的扩散氢含量的增加。C12.6.2.1 Testing. In addition to the usual mechanicaltests and chemical analysis required by the fillermetal specification, a determination by the filler metalmanufacturer of the hydrogen content of deposited weldmetal shall be required when using other than the SMAWprocess. This, along with proper electrode storage as recommendedby the filler metal manufacturer, and bakingof the submerged arc flux, is to minimize hydrogencracking from the welding consumables. The glycerinmethod of determining the diffusible hydrogen contenthas been replaced by the gas chromatograph method orthe under-mercury method, as described in AWS A4.3.Research has shown that glycerin absorbs some of thehydrogen given off by the weld metal. As a result, thenewer test methods often generate higher values for diffusiblehydrogen when compared to the glycerin test.C12.6.2.1 测试：除了填充金属技术条件要求的常规机械性能试验和化学分析之外，当采用不同于SMAW工艺，填充金属制造商必须确定熔敷焊缝金属氢含量。不管是按照填充金属制造商推荐的合适的焊条储存，还是埋弧焊剂的烘焙，都是为了将由焊接材料导致的氢致裂纹减到最小。按照AWS A4.3描述，确定扩散氢含量的甘油法已被气相色谱法和水银法替代。研究表明甘油吸收了一些焊缝金属释放的氢。结果是当和甘油试验法相比较时，新的试验方法常常产生较高值的扩散氢含量。C12.6.2.2 Electrode Optional Supplemental Moisture-Resistant Designator Requirements for Tack Welding.Tack welds made without preheat may have an increasedtendency to crack due to the faster cooling rate, higherHAZ and weld metal hardness, and the increased amountof diffusible hydrogen. The use of hydrogen controlledelectrodes described in this subsection will further reducethe probability of cracking in the HAZ and in theweld metal (see C12.13).C12.6.2.2 定位焊用焊条可选择的补充的抗湿标号的要求：没有预热的定位焊，由于较快的冷却速率，较高的热影响区和焊缝金属的硬度以及扩散氢含量的增多，可能增加裂纹产生的倾向。使用在本章节所描述的受控制的氢含量焊条，将进一步减少热影响区和焊缝金属产生裂纹的可能性。C12.6.2.3 Electrode Optional Supplemental Moisture-Resistant Designator Requirements for Welding. The“H” designator indicates the maximum average diffusiblehydrogen content in milliliters per 100 grams (mL/100 g)rof deposited weld metal. H4 means a maximum of 4 mL/100g and H16 means a level of 16 mL/100 g. Higherstrength steels have a higher risk of hydrogen-inducedcracking, therefore higher strength weld metal requireslower diffusible hydrogen levels for this Fracture ControlPlan.C12.6.2.3 用于焊接的焊条可选择的补充的抗湿标号要求：补充标号H表示每100克熔敷焊缝金属中最大平均含有扩散氢的毫升数量（ml/100g）。H4表示100克熔敷焊缝金属中最大平均含有4毫升的扩散氢，同样H16表示100克熔敷焊缝金属中最大平均含有16毫升的扩散氢。钢的强度越高，氢致裂纹的危险性就越高，因此对于本FCP(断裂控制计划)，较高强度的焊缝金属要求较低的扩散氢含量。 C12.6.2.4 Special Requirements. Special provisionsthat a filler metal manufacturer may require to ensurethat weld metal will meet the diffusible hydrogen requirementsof this code and the Fracture Control Planmay not be covered in this code. All additional requirementsor special precautions required by the filler metalmanufacturer in excess of those required in this code shallbe described in complete detail in a written procedure。C12.6.2.4 特殊要求：填充金属制造商也许需要的以确保焊缝金属将满足本规范和本FCP中(断裂控制计划)的扩散氢含量的要求的特殊条款，可能没有覆盖在本规范中。超出本规范要求的由填充金属制造商所必需的，所有的额外需求或特殊措施必须以十分详细的书面程序表述出来。C12.6.4.1 Matching Strength Groove Welds. Whenmatching strength filler metals are required, the code requiresthat the minimum notch toughness of the fillermetal be as described in Table 12.1.C12.6.4.1 等强度匹配的坡口焊缝：当要求等强度填充金属时，本规范要求填充金属具有表12.1 所列的最低缺口韧性值。C12.6.4.2 Undermatching Strength Welds. Whenmatching strength filler metal is not required, the Engineer is encouraged to use, where appropriate, lower strength,high ductility weld metal that will reduce residual stress,distortion, and the risk of cracking or lamellar tearing inadjacent base metal HAZs. The code requires a minimumnotch toughness of the undermatching strength filler metalof 34 J 30 C 25 ft-lb 20 F. Undermatching ismost often associated with fillet welds on steels with aminimum specified yield strength greater than 345 MPa50 ksi. C12.6.4.2 低强度匹配焊缝：当不需要等强度匹配的填充金属时，工程师希望采用那些能够减少在临近的母材热影响区（HAZ）的残余应力、变形以及减少产生裂纹或层状撕裂危险的适宜的低强度，高韧性焊缝金属。本规范要求低强度匹配的填充金属具有34J-30 C25ft-lb 20 F最低缺口韧性值。低强度匹配大多经常和规定的最小屈服强度超过345MPa50ksi的钢材上的角焊缝相关联。C12.6.5.1 SMAW Electrodes. SMAW electrodesshall be purchased in hermetically sealed containers forfracture critical work. If low hydrogen SMAW electrodesare furnished in hermetically sealed containers and thecontainers are undamaged, the electrodes should provideacceptable low hydrogen performance when the containersare opened and the electrodes are used without prolongedexposure to the atmosphere. Instructions for theproper care and storage of electrodes are provided in thisFracture Control Plan.C12.6.5.1 SMAW焊条：为具有脆性断裂的构件所购买的SMAW焊条都必须储存在可靠密封的容器中。如果低氢SMAW焊条以可靠密封的容器供货，且容器没有受损，当容器被打开且焊条没有拖延在大气中的曝露时间而立即使用时，这些焊条应该能够具有可以接受的低氢性能。在本FCP(断裂控制计划)中应规定焊条储存和正确保管的指导书。C12.6.5.2 Sealed Containers. A hermetically sealedcontainer shall be defined as a container that has beenclosed in a manner that provides a nonpermeable barrierto the passage of air or gas in either direction. If the hermeticseal is damaged, the electrodes will not be protectedfrom exposure to the atmosphere and may absorbatmospheric moisture, and therefore cannot be used tomake fracture critical welds. Redrying of electrodes fromcontainers with damaged hermetic seals is prohibited forFCM welding. The risk that drying electrodes that haveabsorbed excess moisture may not completely restore theelectrode coating to the original manufactured conditionis too great. They may be used for non-fracture criticalmembers. Electrodes with damaged flux coatings willlnot provide proper shielding during welding and shouldnot be used for any welding, whether on fracturee criticalor non-fracture critical members.C12.6.5.2 密封包装：一个可靠的密封包装必须定义为具有防止空气或气体在任何方向渗透的隔离层。如果密封包装被损坏，焊条将不能得到保护而会曝露在大气中并吸收大气中的水分，所以这些焊条就不能在具有断裂倾向的焊缝上使用。从损坏的密封包装中取出的焊条，即使再烘干，也禁止用于FCM焊缝。吸收了大量的水分的焊条，即使烘干，也不能完全使焊条药皮恢复到最初的制造状态，所以焊条再烘干的风险太大了。但这些焊条可以在非FCM焊缝上使用。药皮被损坏的焊条在焊接中不能提供适当的保护，所以，不管是FCM还是非FCM焊缝，都禁止使用。C12.6.5.3 Storage. Once removed from hermeticallysealed containers, SMAW electrodes not used within thetime limits of 12.6.5.6 through 12.6.5.9 shall be requiredto be placed in an oven and held continuously at a temperatureof at least 120 C 250 F until removed for use.At that temperature, the electrode coating will not pickup moisture from the atmosphere.C12.6.5.3 贮存：一旦从密封包装中取出，SMAW焊条如果不能在12.6.5.6 至12.6.5.9限制的时间内使用，则必须将焊条放在温度至少为120 C 250 F的烘箱中持续保存，直到取出使用。在此温度时，焊条药皮不会从大气中吸附水分。C12.6.5.4 Drying Temperatures. SMAW electrodecoatings shall be kept clean and dry, requiring the use ofelectrode drying and storage ovens. Ovens used for storageshall be above 120 C 250 F and below 290C550 F. Ovens used for drying shall be above 230C450 F and below 290 C 550 F. Should the oven temperaturesdrop below the specified values, it is allowableto restore the electrodes coating by drying at temperaturesbetween 230 C and 290 C 450 F 550 F for thespecified period. Electrodes that have dropped belowthese temperatures for excessive periods of time mayhave picked up excessive moisture, and attempting to restorethese electrodes to their original condition may notbe a suitable risk.C12.6.5.4 烘焙温度： SMAW焊条药皮必须要求使用焊条烘干和贮存烘箱而使焊条清洁干燥地保存。贮存用的烘箱温度必须维持在120 C 290 C 250 F550 F之间。烘焙用的烘箱温度必须保持在230 C 290 C 450 F550 F之间。如果烘箱温度跌至规定的温度以下并且在规定的期间内，允许通过在230 C 290 C 450 F 550 F之间烘干而使焊条药皮恢复。如果焊条在跌至规定的温度以下时间太长，可能已经吸附了大量的水分，尝试使这些焊条恢复的风险也不小。Electrodes may be redried only once. Repetitive dryingoxidizes metallic elements in the coating, and maycause cracking or failure of the coating. Low hydrogenelectrodes that are not acceptable for use under the provisionsof this Fracture Control Plan, because of their exposureto the atmosphere, can be used for non-fracturecritical applications if allowed as described in 4.5.焊条只能再烘干一次，反复的烘干能使药皮中的金属元素氧化，并能导致药皮开裂或失效。按照本FCP的规定，使用在大气中暴露过的低氢焊条是不可以接受的，如果允许按照4.5章节的描述，则这些在大气中曝露过的低氢焊条可以应用在非FCM焊缝。For carbon steel low hydrogen electrodes, AWS A5.1,Specification for Carbon Steel Covered Arc WeldingElectrodes, specifies a maximum moisture content in theas-manufactured or as-received condition for low hydrogencoatings of no more than 0.6% for E70XX, 0.3% forE70XX-R, and 0.1% for E70XX-M. Alloy steel low hydrogenelectrodes covered in AWS A5.5, Specificationfor Low Alloy Steel Covered Arc Welding Electrodes, alsohave a specified maximum moisture content in the asmanufacturedor as-received condition. For the E70XX-Xclass electrodes, it is 0.4%; for E70XX, 0.3%; forE80XX-X electrodes, 0.2%; and for the E90,E100XX-X, E110XX-X class electrodes, 0.15%.对于碳钢低氢焊条，AWS A5.1电弧焊用碳钢焊条技术条件规定了在制造或供货状态低氢药皮的最大含水量，如E70 XX 不超过0.6%；E70 XXR不超过0.3%；E70XX-M 不超过0.1%。 AWS A5.5电弧焊用低合金钢焊条技术条件也规定了合金钢低氢焊条在制造或供货状态最大的含水量，如E70XX-X等级焊条为0.4%; E70XX焊条为0.3%; E80XX-X焊条为0.2%; E90, E100XX-X, E110XX-X 等级焊条为0.15%。Experience has shown that the limits specified abovefor moisture contents in electrode coverings are not alwayssufficiently restrictive for some applications usingthe E90XX-X and lower classes. Electrodes of classificationslower than E100XX-X are subject to more stringentmoisture level requirements when used for weldingGrade 690/690W (100/100W) steels. All such electrodesshall be required to be dried between 370 C and 425C700 F 800 F for one hour before use (see 4.5.3). Electrodesof classification below E90XX-X shall not be requiredby AWS A5.5 to have a moisture content less than0.15%, and the required drying will achieve at least thismoisture level. This precaution is necessary because ofthe sensitivity of high strength steels and weld metal tohydrogen-induced cracking.经验表明，上述对焊条药皮含水量的限制规定，对于E90XX-X和较低等级的焊条的一些应用有一定的局限性。当焊接等级为690/690W(100/100W)钢时，等级低于E100XX-X的焊条的含水量有更为严格的要求。所有这些焊条在使用前必须要求在370 C 425C700 F 800 F之间烘焙一小时（见4.5.3）。等级低于E90XX-X的焊条并不一定按照AWS A5.5要求必须有不低于0.15%的含水量，且必需的烘干至少可以获得这一等级含水量。因为高强度钢和焊缝金属对氢致裂纹的敏感性，所以这一防范措施是必要的。C12.6.5.5 Storage Ovens. Opening the electrodeoven door to check the temperature of the electrodes willresult in somewhat lower readings than actually existwithin the oven with the door shut. If an excessive temperaturevariation occurs because of an unsealed or opendoor, and high drying or baking temperatures are beingused, the temperature gradient may cause the electrodecoating to crack. If the temperature gradient is excessiveand the baking or drying temperature is high, there maybe damage to the electrode flux coating. Using the porthole in the oven door or a thermometer that allows directtemperature readings of the inside oven temperature willallow accurate readings. No material other than electrodes should ever be placed in a storage or holding oven,since contamination of the rods could result.C12.6.5.5 贮存烘箱：当开启焊条烘箱门检查焊条温度时，在某种程度上将会导致烘箱内的温度读数比烘箱门关闭时真实温度低。如果由于未密封的或敞开的烘箱门产生过多的温度变化，加上采用较高的烘干或烘焙温度，那么温度梯度可能引起焊条药皮开裂。如果温度梯度太大，且烘干或烘焙温度高，可能会导致焊条造渣层药皮损坏。利用烘箱门上的孔或允许直接读出烘箱内温度的温度计，那么此温度读数会是准确的。因为可能引起焊条的污染，除了焊条之外，没有任何材料应该一直被放置在贮存或保温的烘箱内。C12.6.5.6 Maximum Atmospheric Exposure ofSMAW Electrodes. Table 4.7 lists the maximum allowabletime that electrodes can be exposed to the atmosphere.Longer exposure times may lead to excessivemoisture pickup by the electrode coating. Exposure timeshall be based upon the strength level of the electrode.Higher strength weld metal will tolerate less hydrogenthan lower strength weld metal. Electrodes with the optionalsupplemental moisture resistance designator “R”may be exposed to the atmosphere for a longer time periodas given in 12.6.5.8.C12.6.5.6 SMAW焊条在大气中暴露时间的最大允许值：表4.7列出了焊条可以在大气中暴露时间最大允许值。暴露在大气中的时间越长，可能导致焊条药皮吸附的水分越多。在大气中暴露的时间必须基于焊条的强度等级而定。强度较高的焊缝金属比强度较低的焊缝金属希望容忍更低的含氢量。具有附加标号的防潮电焊条可以按照12.6.5.8的规定，较长时间地在大气中暴露。Tests have shown there can be a wide variation in themoisture absorption rate of various brands of electrodesrepresenting a given AWS classification. Some electrodesabsorb very little moisture during standard exposuretimes, while others absorb moisture more rapidly.The moisture control requirements of Table 4.7 are necessarilyconservative to cover this condition and ensurethat sound welds can be produced.试验表明，代表某一种给定的AWS等级的焊条，因商标牌号的不同，焊条水分吸收率有一个较大的范围变化。在标准暴露时间内，一些焊条吸收的水分很少，而有些焊条能迅速地吸收水分。针对这种状况，并确保能够获得完好焊缝，表4.7水分的控制要求必然是保守的。The time restrictions on the use of electrodes after removalfrom a storage oven may seem overly restrictive tosome users. The rate of moisture absorption in areas of lowhumidity is lower than that encountered in areas of highhumidity. The code covers the most restrictive situations.从贮存烘箱中取出焊条后，在使用时间上的限制，对某些使用者来说似乎是过于严格。焊条水分吸收率在湿度较低的区域低于所遭遇到的高湿度区域。本规范考虑了最严厉的限制情况。C12.6.5.7 Nonmoisture-Resistant Electrodes andGMAW with Cored Electrodes. Under certain conditions,standard and moisture resistant electrodes may bedried in a drying oven and reused. Drying is allowed onlyfor electrodes removed from the oven for a time periodless than the allowed exposure time, or for electrodesstored in an oven temporarily below the minimum specifiedholding temperature of 120 C 250 F (see 12.6.5.4).No electrodes may be dried for fracture critical work thathave exceeded the exposure times described in Table 4.7or 12.6.5.8. SMAW electrodes can be redried only oncebefore use. Rod ovens shall have separate areas for rodsreceived directly from containers and those being redried.C12.6.5.7 不防潮焊条和带芯GMAW焊丝：在一定的条件下，标准的或防潮的焊条可以在烘箱中烘干后再使用。只有焊条从烘箱中取出后的时间低于允许暴露时间，或者贮存焊条的烘箱温度临时低于最小规定的120 C 250 F (见 12.6.5.4)保温温度，焊条烘干才是允许的。没有任何焊条，已经超过表4.7或12.6.5.8所描述的暴露时间，允许烘干后使用在有断裂倾向的工件上。SMAW焊条在使用前只允许再烘干一次。焊条烘箱必须具有分隔的区域，以便能区分直接从包装箱中取出的焊条和正在再烘干的焊条。C12.6.5.8 Optional Supplement Moisture-ResistantDesignators. In order for a low-hydrogen electrode to bedesignated as low-moisture-absorbing with the “R” suffixdesignator, electrodes shall be tested by exposure to27 C and 80% relative humidity for a period of not lessthan 9 hours. These tests are defined in AWS A5.1 andA5.5, and are conducted by the electrode manufacturer.The nine hour time period was selected based upon a typicalworkshift length, including mealtime. The moisturecontent of the exposed covering shall not exceed themaximum specified moisture content for the “R” designatedelectrode and classification in the appropriate A5.1or A5.5 specification. Such electrodes may be used withexposure times of up to nine hours on steels with a minimumspecified yield strength of 345 MPa 50 ksi. Forhigher strength steels, exposure time is limited to thatdescribed in Table 4.7.C12.6.5.8 可选择的补充防潮标号：为了表示低氢焊条具有低水分吸收率，用后缀R指示，此类焊条必须在温度为27 C和相对湿度为80%的大气中进行暴露不少于9个小时的试验。这些试验在AWS A5.1和A5.5技术条件中进行了详细说明，并由焊条制造商完成。9个小时的时间期限的选择是基于一个典型的轮班时间，包括进餐时间。对于适合于A5.1或A5.5技术条件的具有R补充标号和等级的焊条，暴露的焊条覆盖层的含水量不能超过规定的最大含水量。暴露在大气中的时间超过9小时的焊条可以用于最低屈服强度为345MPa 50ksi的钢材。对于高强度钢，焊条暴露的时间要限制在表4.7描述的时间内。C12.6.5.9 Electrodes for Grades 485W (70W),690/690W (100/100W) Steels. When used for fracturecritical Grade 485W (70W), Grade 690 (100), and Grade690W (100W) steel members, this section allows redryingelectrodes exposed for periods exceeding the limitsof Table 4.7 by one hour or less. The higher redryingtemperature range of 425 C to 540 C 800 F 1000 F issufficient to restore the electrode coating to a low moisturelevel, provided the electrodes were not damp and theambient atmospheric exposure time was no more thanone hour beyond the limits of Table 4.7.C12.6.5.9 用于焊接485W (70W)，690/690W (100/100W)等级钢材的焊条：当焊条用于焊接具有断裂倾向的485W (70W)，690（100），690W (100W)等级的工件时，此章节允许暴露于大气中的时间超过表4.7的限定且不大于1小时的焊条再烘干使用。如果焊条没有被损坏，且暴露在大气中的时间不超过表4.7限定的时间1个小时，那么425 C 540 C 800 F 1000 F较高的温度范围足够能使焊条药皮恢复到较低级别的含水量。C12.