高考英语抓大放小.doc

抓大放小，不漏要点高考英语书面表达要求学生通过审查文字提示、图画、表格等后进行有一定控制性的写作。学生在这种题型上常犯的错误之一就是：遗漏要点。难点6月9日，星期天，你和朋友本来约好去看球赛，但未看成。请你根据下列六幅图画写一篇日记。注意：（1）日记必须包括所有图画内容，可以适当增减细节，使日记连贯；（2）词数100左右。（3）开头已给出。June 9,Sunday FineIt is Sudnay today.案例探究10月23日（星期五）中午在你上学途中发生了一件事情。请根据下列图画用英语写一篇日记。注意：（1）日记须包括所有图画的内容，可适当增减细节，使日记连贯。（2）词数100左右。命题意图：本题考查学生的读图能力和运用逻辑讲述故事、传达主旨的能力。错解分析：（1）人称、时态运用不准确；（2）主要内容遗漏。解题技巧与方法：（1）细读文字说明部分，弄清人称、时间、事件背景；（2）仔细观察每一幅图，确定文章中心，确定内容要点：a.听见喊救命，下水救女孩 b.好心人相助 c.送女孩去医院 d.上课迟到 e.感谢信 f.受表扬；（3）依据要点写出提纲，然后拓展成文；（4）检查要点、格式、人称、时态、动词变化形式、标点符号等。参考答案：October 23rd Friday FineOn my way to school at noon I heard loud shouts from the lake. I found a girl struggling in the water. I quickly jumped into the lake, swam towards the drowning girl and carried her to the bank. A kind woman also came to help. We immediately sent the girl to the nearest hospital. When I hurried to school, I was late for class. However, I didnt explain to my teacher what had happened. But to my surprise, a letter of thanks to me was put up on the bulletin board in our school in the afternoon. So my teacher and classmates knew the whole thing and they praised me a lot. I felt a little shy but proud.锦囊妙计1.文字、图画或图表同等重视，不可厚此薄彼，粗心大意。2.确定中心，围绕中心确定内容要点，凡是对说明文章中心来讲必不可少的内容切不可遗漏，而与中心无关的的细枝末节都可以省略;3.可将内容要点写在草稿纸上，然后依据要点写出提纲，成文后再根据草稿纸上的要点逐一查对。歼灭难点训练1.（）假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Mike将于6月底到北京作短暂停留，请你帮他安排一天的活动。要求用所给的示意图写一封信向他提出建议并对各地点加以简单的介绍。注意：（1）包括示意图中主要内容；（2）词数100左右；（3）信的开头已为你写好。（4）生词：图书城Book TownDear Mike，Im glad to hear you are coming soonIve planned a one-day trip for you in Beijing Best wishes， ours Li Hua2.（）你和李明参加了一次野外生存训练。以下5幅图画表现了野外训练活动的过程，请根据图示写一篇英文日记。注意：（1）词数100左右。（2）日记的开头已为你写好。生词：指南针：compass n. 手电筒:flashlight n.急救包：first-aid kit 宿营地：campsite n. Saturday,May 4,2002 CloudyLi Ming and I took part in a wilderness survival program yesterday, and it has been one of the most unforgettable experiences since high school3.（）假如你是李华，下面四幅图画反映你家乡的自然环境的变化情况。请你向报社写一封信反映此情况并提出加强环保的建议。词数100左右，开头已写出（不计入总词数）。参考词语：wasteland 荒地 sandstorm 沙尘暴Dear editor,In the past,my hometown句子衔接加连词高考英语短文改错命题的一个重要方面就是考查连接手段，连词使用不当会造成上下句不衔接。英语中的词与词、句与句之间必须使用并列或从属连词。难点磁场1.（）It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.78. _ (NMET2002)2.（）The food was expensive and the service was good.84. _ (NMET2002)3.（）It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.84. _ (NMET2001)4.（） felt that they helped me understand what the world works.89. _(NMET2001春季)5.（）She was smiling but nodding at me. 92. _(NMET2000)案例探究1.If the book you want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you, and whether you pay the cost of sending a post card, the librarian will write to you.解析：此题为五星级题。whether改为If。此题考查if与whether作为连词的区别。此处为if引导的条件状语从句，表示“如果”；如用whether，则表示“是否”，语意不通。在下列情况下一般只用whether：引导介词后的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句或在whether to do, whetheror not中。e.g.Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.I asked him whether he would go or not.2.I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. 解析：此题为四星级题。此题考查定语从句中的非关系代词、副词的用法。where改为which。这是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语应由关系代词来充当，所以应将关系词where改为which。此句应改为：I live in Beijing, where there are lot of places of interest.先行词在定语从句为地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。如：e.g.This is a house that / which I visited yesterday.This is a house where I spent a happy childhood. 3.It is a very important exam but I cant afford to fail it解析：此题为五星级题。此题考查并列句之间的关系，在此两句为因果关系，所以根据句意，but改为so。4.When I was on the stage the next day, I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf.(NMET2000)解析：此题为四星级题。考查sothat引导的结果状语从句。把as改为that,结果状语从句一般由so that，sothat，suchthat引导。e.g.The box is so heavy that nobody can move it.It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it.He got up later so that missed the first bus.锦囊妙计在连接手段上应侧重考虑：1.语句中的词与词、句与句之间必须使用并列或从属连词。2.若为并列句，要判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是让步关系，从而选择恰当的连词。3.若为复合句，首先判断属于何种从句，然后根据主、从句之间的关系判断连接词使用是否准确或是否有遗漏或多余现象，要注意句子结构的完整性。歼灭难点训练1.（）When I talked to him, and I found that from childhood he had developed the habit of reading2.（）As you know, there are still some students, most of which are boys of science, learn English with much trouble.3.（）I realized that I had left soft drinks at the store but I ran out to get it before guests arrived.4.（）the only thing I think is that when Im going to get home to listen to a new piece.5.（）The question is,“How can we do about it ?”6.（）that old people should usually like to wear dark colored clothes, they are rather hard for drivers to make out from a distance.7.（）I take science though Im not good at remembering things.8.（）in order to find out that whether the environment of the country had been polluted.9.（）I found a most favourable point, and was just about to jump into the river while there came a cry.10.（）He liked to help young people who got into trouble, because he himself was often out of work.表述精当，得分亮点高考的书面表达不再只要求要点齐全，表达清楚，而是在此基础上又提出了更高的要求。在2001年高考英语评分标准中就出现了这样一些语句：“第五档（很好）：（2125分）完全完成了试题规定的任务。覆盖所有内容要点。应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。完全达到了预期的写作目的。”因此，如何使用高级表达是一个重点也是难点。难点磁场假如你校与加拿大某中学是友好学校，对方校刊来信想了解你校选修课开设情况。请根据下表提供的学生问卷调查，用英语写一篇报道。课程门类 上课时间 最受欢迎的课 对课程的看法 建议十余种（学生可任选） 每周二下午3：305：00 计算机、英语、口语、艺术等 1.十分感兴趣2.学到许多课外的知识3.有大量的实践机会 1.增加选修课2.减少作业量3.多组织参观，了解社会要求：1.报道需包括表内提供的所有内容。2.词数100左右。报道题目已给出。Students Like Optional Course案例探究新年到来之际，你校开展了“敬重父母”的活动。请你根据以下内容要点为某一家学生英文报写一则报道：宗旨：尊敬父母是中华民族的传统美德（traditional moral value）之一；现状：大多数同学都是独生子女（only child），只看重自己，不顾及父母；决定：开展“敬重父母”的活动；措施：制订了十条规定，提出明确易行的要求，例如：要记住父母的生日，并向父母表示祝愿；父母进门要打招呼；离家出门时要向父母告知去向；。效果：受到家长和社会各方面赞扬与好评。注意：1.报道应有标题。2.报道必须包括所有内容要点；可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。3.词数100左右。解题方法与技巧：（1）审题，确定主体时态，确定文章中心。（2）把握文章要点，选择适当词句，连句成文。答案：Respecting Parents ProgrammeShowing respect to parents is one of the Chinese traditional moral values.As most of the students today are “the only child” in their family,they often regard themselves as the “centre” of the family, without caring much about their parents.Our school started a programme when the new year came.It is “Respecting Parents Programme”.10 “Dos” have been worked out for the students to follow clearly and easily, including: “Remember your parents birthdays and express your good wishes to them;say hello to your parents when you see them returning home;and tell your parents when you go when you leave home.”Ever since the programme has been successful,winning praises from parents and other sides of the society.People say this is what we should have done earlier!(注意范文中划线部分)锦囊妙计1.系统复习基础知识，积累常用词语、常用句型。2.积累优秀范文，划出范文中优秀语句，反复诵读。3.写作时多用一些复合句，减少一些简单句。4.适当选用v. -ing、过去分词用作状语。5.适当选用一些比较精巧、一般学生不会使用的词汇，eg:whats worse,thanks to,judging from,compared with,etc.歼灭难点训练1.（）假设你是约翰，您的中国笔友钟华将随在伦敦工作的父母来英国学习两年，他托你介绍一所英语学校，以便他在暑假中提高英语水平，你看了一些广告介绍，在比较了几所学校的地理位置、教学分班、住宿、活动、教学时间和价格之后，选择了一所，并根据该校的广告介绍写了一封回信。该校广告介绍如下：注意：（1）词数100左右(2)信的开头和结尾已经写好，不计在总词数内。April 16,1999 Dear Zhong Hua,Very pleased to know that you are coming to study in London and it is really a good idea to improve your English before the new term begins next September.Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours John2.（）最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园里要不要收门票？请你根据下表所提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。60%的同学认为： 40%的同学认为：1.不应收门票2.公园是公众休闲的地方3.如收门票，需建大门、围墙，会影响城市形象 1.应收门票，但票价不宜高 2.支付园林工人工资 3.购新花木注意：（1）信的开头已为你写好。（2）词数：100左右（3）参考词汇：门票entrance feeDear Editor,Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. Yours truly, Li Hua3.（）假定你是一名高中生，一次一位外国朋友问你，除了在学校学习英语外还有什么其他途径练习英语。请你根据提示用英语写出你参加“英语角”的情况。提示：（1）“英语角”于两年前成立，许多中学生参加，有时也有些大学生和外国友人来此。 （2）活动时间：每周六上午。 （3）活动内容：练习英语口语，谈论大家共同感兴趣的事情，交流学习英语的经验等。 （4）谈谈你参加此项活动的体会。参考词汇：“英语角”：English Corner重在流畅，切忌硬译一篇好的书面表达应该表意清晰，语言流畅，没有翻译的痕迹。难点磁场假如你是某报社记者，请根据下表提供的信息写一篇英文稿，简要地报道中国开发西部的有关情况。主要情况 范围：9个省、自治区（autonomous regions），一直辖市（municipality）面积：540万平方公里人口：2.85亿实施要点 交通（transportation）建设：修建多条公路，铁路环境保护：退耕还林，防治污染资源利用：开发利用其丰富的天然资源人才引用：广纳各类专家，技术人员注意：（1）短文须包括所有提示要点；适当增加细节，使内容连贯；（2）短文的开头已经给出；（3）词数100左右。New Development for Central and Western ChinaThe Chinese government has recently decided to develop central and Western China.案例探究请根据下面文字及表格中的内容写一篇短文。你于2001年暑期参加了第21届大运会（the 21st Universidad）的志愿者工作（voluntary work）。你为此感到骄傲并希望2008年北京举办奥运会时能再次充当志愿者。工作时间 八月下旬，每天七个小时工作地点 运动员村（the Villages）的后勤部（the supply office）工作内容 配送（prepare and deliver）毛巾（towel）、香皂、铅笔、纸张等日常用品到客房服务对象 来自世界各地的运动员及官员感受、感想 工作辛苦且琐碎（trifling），但很重要注意：短文必须以第一人称写。应包括全部要点。词数100左右。命题意图：考查学生对表格的理解，以及依据表格提供的内容表情达意的能力。错解分析：学生做此类题时的最大毛病是不会重新组织所给材料，仅仅逐条翻译。解题方法与技巧：（1）审题，确定人称、时态、主要内容；（2）依据常理，将以上内容的顺序做适当调整；（3）写出提纲，拓展成文；（4）检查要点有无遗漏，上下是否衔接，所用动词时态、语态、变形是否准确。参考答案：In the late August this year,I took part in the voluntary work for the 21st Universiade.Every day I was working in the supply office in the Villages for 7 hours.My job was to prepare and deliver daily supplies,such as towels,soap,toothbrushes,paper,pencils and so on,to the rooms of the officials and athletes from all over the world.The job was hard and trif