十大词性讲义加练习.doc

教学内容GRAMMAR：十大词性、代词一、十大词性词是组成句，篇，章的最基本元素，英语中的单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征所作的分类，可以归纳成以下十种： 名词 ( n.)： 作用：人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 画出这个句子中的名词： a girl Beijing school What color is it? 代词(pron.)：作用：代替名词。 代词还有这些：（主格）I, you, she, he, it, they, we; (宾格) me, you, her, it, them, us; that, this, those, these 等 画出这个句中的代词：Lucy is a nice girl. She is at school. 形容词(adj.)：表示人或事物的性质或特征，说明人或事物的质量，大小，新旧，温度，颜色，形状，产地。位置：放在名词或代词前。当有多个形容词时，它们的排列顺序可归纳为“美小圆旧黄，法国木书房” a fine day 一个大晴天 a big dog 一只大狗 a good boy 一个好男孩 a beautiful little round old yellow French wooden study room 动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。go to school 去上学 eat lunch 吃午饭 drink water 喝水 I am a girl. 我是个女孩。 I can see a bird in the tree. 我看到树上有一只鸟。这样的词如：be动词：am, is, are；have, see . 数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 副词(adv.)： 作用：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。 I go to school now. 我现在去上学。 He goes to school slowly. 他慢慢去上学。 He often goes to school at 7 oclock. 他经常七点去上学。这类词如：now, very, here, often, always, slowly，quickly, clearly. 冠词(art.)： 冠词仅有三个：不定冠词a, an；定冠词the. 作用：帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。位置：名词前 play the piano 弹钢琴 （固定的，在乐器前加the） He is a boy. 它是一个男孩。 It is an orange. 它是一个桔子。 He has a book. The book is an English book. 他有一本书，那本书是英语书。 介词(prep.)： 作用： 连接它后面的名词或代词与句中其他词的关系。（起桥梁连接的作用） on a desk 在桌上 under the table 在桌下 in spring 在春天 On Sunday 在周日A bird is in a tree. 一只鸟在树上。 a picture of my family 我家人的图片 这类词如in, on, from, of, with, between, under. 连词(conj.)： 作用： 连接词、短语或句子。 hamburgers and ice cream 汉堡包和冰激凌 hamburgers or ice cream汉堡包或者冰激凌 I like hamburgers but I dont like ice cream. 我喜欢汉堡包但是不喜欢冰激凌。这类词如and, but, or . 感叹词(interj.)： 作用： 说话时喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。 Wow, you are cool! 哇塞，你好酷！ Oh, I cant go home. 哎，我不能回家。这类词如：oh, well, hi, hello, wow.在上述十大词类中，名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词等具有明确的意义，可以在句中独立充当句子成分，称为实义词。介词、连词和冠词只能起联系或辅助的作用，都不在句子中担任任何成分，称为虚词。感叹词一般不构成句子的一部分，通常作独立成分。二、代词代词的分类：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等，今天我们主要学习人称代词和物主代词。1. 指示代词 指示代词有this（这个），that（那个），these（这些），those（那些）等。 如： this apple 这个苹果 that orange 那个桔子2人称代词和物主代词（1）人称代词 作用：代替人和事物的名称,表示“我”“你”“他”“它”“我们”“你们”“它/她/他们” 形式：主格和宾格。（2）物主代词 （形容词性物主代词+名词性物主代词两种）作用：表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。代词我你他她它我们你们他们主格 人称代词Iyouheshe itweyouthey宾格 人称代词meyouhimheritusyouthem形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs人称代词、物主代词的表格：（3）人称代词和物主代词的用法：人称代词：人称代词的主格在句子中通常作主语，如：I am a girl. 我是一个女孩。She likes eggs and bananas. 她喜欢鸡蛋和香蕉。 宾格在句中作宾语,往往用在动词或介词后面。如：Listen to me, Dad. 爸爸，听我说。Let him go here. 让她去那儿。I see her with them. 我看到她和他们一起。物主代词： 形容词性物主代词作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。 如: Those are our books. 这些是我们的书。His pen is blue. 他的钢笔是蓝色的。Is that your umbrella? 那是你的雨伞吗？I often go to see my aunt on Sundays. 我通常周日去看望我的阿姨。 名词性物主代词可以独立使用，无需后接名词 。如：This book is mine. 这是我的书。The yellow shirt is hers. 那件黄色的衬衫是她的、 you是你或你们的主格和宾格形式；her既是她的形容词性物主代词，又是其宾格。可以根据它们在句子中的位置来判断它们属于主格、所有格还是宾格。试判断： You are a good student. （ ）格， 意思：_ You are friends. ( ）格， 意思：_ I hate you. ( ）格， 意思：_ Both of you are clever boys. ( ）格， 意思：_ Her teacher is Miss Xiao. ( ）格， 意思：_ Give this umbrella to her. ( ）格， 意思：_ 如果名词前用了形容词性物主代词，就不能再用冠词(a, an, the)、指示代词(this, that, these, those)等修饰词。 Which one is right?This is his a desk. ( ) This is his desk. ( ) These are her those desks. ( ) 与形容词一起修饰名词时，形容词性物主代词要放在形容词的前面。如：their Chinese friends 他们的中国朋友her good friend 她的好朋友 试翻译：我的漂亮的花 我们的干净教室PRACTICE：首字母填词、单项选择做首字母填词时，每一个空都是有据可依的，可从以下几个方面入手：1. 联系上下句，分析句意，通过意思确定所填词；2. 空缺处前后的词组搭配；3. 分析空缺处的词性：若是名词需注意单复数，若是动词需注意动词形式、时态，若是形容词或副词需注意是否比较级或最高级，若是代词需注意人称性别及是否反身代词等等。It is half past five. School is o_. Vicky comes back. His mother is not at home and the door is c_. His brother, Jim, likes sports. He is p_ football in the school. His sister, Becky, likes music and she is s_ with her friends. He can not go in, so he brings out a marble(弹珠) and p_ with it near the house.Mrs. Hyde comes back with a b_ on her arm. Vicky sees her and runs to help her carry it. They come in and the boy find there are t_ cakes in a bag. They are his favorite food and he wants to eat them.“The other two are for Jim and B_” says his mother. “You each have one.”“But I am hungry now, mum” says the boy. “C_ I have two?”“Yes, you can. Go and cut y_ in half.”Mr. Brown is a very b_ man. He always w_ hard. He often forgets his f_ birthdays. Today he remember(记得) it is his wifes b_. He loves h_ wife. On his way home from his hospital, he b_ some f_ in a shop. When Mr. Brown gets h_, he gives his wife the flowers and says, “h_ birthday to you, dear. Its January 14th today. I remember your birthday this year.” Mrs. Brown laughs and says, “My birthday was yesterday, not today. But t_ you all the same.”单项选择考察基础知识的运用，要看清题干不遗漏信息，若碰到棘手的题，可采用排除法。( ) 1. The teachers are all _ to us, theyd like to make _ with us.A. kind, friend B. lovely, friendly C. friends, friendly D. friendly, friends( ) 2. We have a basketball game _ October 30th. A. onB. in C. at D. of( )3. _ water do you drink every day?Eight glasses.A. How many B. How far C. How much D. How often( )4. Our foreign teacher can _Chinese but she cant write it very _.A. say, good B. tell, good C. speak, well D. talk, well( )5. Our first class usually _ at eight fifteen.A. begins B. begin C. is beginning D. will begin( )6. Miss Wu always _ very carefully. A. teach B. is teaching C. teaches D. teachers( )7. _? Yes，I want some fruit. A. Can I help youB. What do you want C. What do you want to buyD. What you want to buy( ) 8. My sister Sue _ a new coat，but I _.A. has; dontB. have; doesntC. doesnt has; do( ) 9. A kite is on _ wall. Is it _ Jacks kite?A. a; theB. the; aC. the; /( )10. -_ is she? -She is my mother.A. WhoB. WhatC. Where( ) 11. Linda often goes to movies _ her father.A. andB. toC. with( ) 12. There is some _ on the table.A. bananaB. chick