人教版高一英语必修三专题之 语法解读 学案：Unit1　Festivalsaroundtheworld.doc

语法解读情态动词can,could;may,might;will,would;shall,should,must和cant的用法一览表分类用法说明例句cancan 表示“体力或脑力方面的能力”“许可”“可能性”“惊异”等。在口语中can可以代替may表示许可,而may则比较正式。some of us can use the computer now,but we couldnt three years ago.(能力)you can go now.(许可)what on earth can this mean?(惊异)couldcould可以代替can,表示语气婉转。could you wait a few days for the money?maymay表示允许或征询对方许可,有“可以”的意思。用作此意时,它的否定形式可用may not,(相当于can not）,但在表示“不可以”“禁止”“阻止”等时,常用mustnt 代替may not。you may go now.(可以)may i have a word with you? (询问)may i watch tv? yes,you may.(不能用can,might代替)no,you mustnt./may not./had better not.might用might时语气更加不肯定。he might arrive on time.will(1）表示“意志”“意愿”用于各种人称。(2）在疑问句中,用第二人称时,表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。(3）表示习惯性动作,“总是”“惯于”。(4）表示一种倾向。(5）表示推测。will you close the door?will you go with me?fish will die without water.boys will be boys.this will be the book you are looking for.would1）would是will的过去式,表示过去时间的“意志”“愿望”,用于各种人称。2）表示说话人的意愿或对对方提出的请求,语气比will婉转。指的是现在的时间。3）表示过去的习惯动作。they said they would help us.would you like some bananas?would you like to see a film?yes,id like to.she would sit like that for hours.shallshall肯定句中用于第二、三人称,表说话人的意愿、命令、警告、威胁、允许等；疑问句中,用于第一、三人称,表征求对方的意见或请示。you shall do what i say.where shall i wait for you?shall he come at once?should表“劝告”“建议”时,可译为“应该”多指主观上觉得有责任、有义务应该做某事或处于某状态。you should keep your promise.they should be strict with her.we should speak more english.must表“必须,必要”,后接动词原形,着重表示主观必需；表“猜测”时,用于肯定句。we must study hard.he must be a honest boy.she must have been to america before.cant表猜测时,用于否定句。that man cant be mr.smith,because he was ill at home.为了便于记忆情态动词的基本用法,可参照下列情态动词用法记忆口诀：情态动词两要点,动词原形跟后面,说话语气较委婉。can表能力,may许可must责任与义务否定回答neednt换需要need,dare敢should应该,would愿have to被迫客观记忆要诀 can与could用法歌may与might用法歌can表能力和可以,might表也许或可以,于否、问句中表猜疑。要比may更客气。could是can的过去式,might是may的过去式,语气比can更客气。有些时候表猜疑。注意：一、情态动词用于疑问句进行回答时,出现了异化现象,此时回答在某个角度不能继续使用该情态动词,而改用别的动词。见下表：疑问句式肯定回答否定回答can/could you do sth.？yes,i/we can/could.no,i/we cant/couldnt.may i do sth.？yes,you may.no,you mustnt/may not.must i/we do sth.？yes,you must.no,you neednt/dont have to.need i do sth.？yes,you must.no,you neednt/dont have to.will/would you do sth.？sure./certainly./yes,of course.sorry,but./im afraid i cant.shall we/i/he/they do sth.？yes,please./go ahead.youd better not./sorry,but.ought you to.？yes,you should.no,you shouldnt.二、比较can,could,may,might,must表示判断的用法从上述讲解中我们可以看到很多情态动词都可以用来表示可能性或一种推断,下面我们就来总结一下以便同学们对照体会。1.must用于肯定判断,后跟动词原形表示对现在情况的肯定判断；而结构“must+be+doing”表示“想必正在做某事”。如：where is mr. li now?李老师在哪儿？he must be working in his class,i think.我想他一定正在班里。2.may/might后跟动词原形表示对于现在情况的可能性推断。如：im not sure whether he will come today.he may/might be ill today.我不确定是否他今天会来,他可能生病了。3.can/could用于否定句或疑问句,后跟动词原形表示对现在或当时情况的否定或疑问性推测。如：tom has gone to beijing,so you cant see him in our school now.汤姆去了北京,所以你肯定不能在我们学校看见他。4.can表示一般性的、理论上存在的可能,而might则表示正在发生或将要发生的具体可能性a wise man can sometimes make a mistake.聪明人有时也会犯错误。i might go to beijing by air next week.下星期我可能乘飞机去北京。5.cant表示不可能,而may not表示可能不。he cant be only fifteen.他不可能只有15岁。(可能16、17、18岁）he may not be only fifteen.他可能不止15岁。(可能15岁,也可能16岁）听说速递在本单元,我们学习了用来表达请求、谢意的一些交际用语。而且,在生活中我们会经常用到这些交际语。如何才能礼貌而又得体地用英语委婉地表达自己的请求或诚挚地表达自己的谢意呢？学会使用下列句子便可以实现我们的愿望。request 请求(1)could/would you please.请您？could you please help me with my english?请您帮我学英语好吗？would you please open the door?请您打开门好吗？could you please keep quiet? i am feeling bored.请您安静点儿好吗？我很烦。could you please speak a little slowly? 请您说慢点儿好吗？would you please go walking with me?请您陪我散散步好吗？(2)could i.？我可以吗？could i borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行车吗？could i hand in my homework tomorrow？我可以明天交作业吗？could i smoke here?我可以在这儿吸烟吗？could i use your dictionary?我可以用你的词典吗？could i stay abroad a little longer?我可以在国外待得更长吗？(3）i look forward to.我期待着i look forward to your encouragement.我期待着你的鼓励。i am looking forward to reaching home as quickly as possible.我期待着尽早到家。i look forward to next sports meeting.我期待着下次运动会的到来。i look forward to the harvest season.我期待着收获的季节。thanks 感谢(1）thank you very much/thanks a lot for.非常感谢/多谢thanks a lot for your coming here.多谢你的光临。thank you very much indeed for your help.真的非常感谢你给我的帮助。thanks a lot for doing so much for me.多谢你为我做了这么多。thank you very much for your congratulations on my birthday.非常感谢你对我生日的祝贺。thank you very much for your support.非常感谢你对我的支持。 (2）its very kind/nice of you.非常感谢你its very nice of you to give me so much good advice.非常感谢你给我这么多好的建议。its very kind of you to have waited for me so long.非常感谢你等我这么长时间。it is very nice of you to take care of me so well.非常感谢你把我照顾得这么好。its very kind of you to keep it secret for me.你能为我保密太好了。it is very nice of you to stay.非常感谢你能留下来。读写指导【点石成金】一、说明文主要是给读者提供信息,所以和事实有关。1.提供真实信息：事实要确凿,表达要清楚,要符合逻辑,还要有统一的中心思想。2.解释经过：解释某件事时,要做到：分成若干步骤；正确排序；包含所有必要信息；使用能提供准确信息的字眼。二、节假日在我们的生活中有很重要的地位,我们一生中的很多活动内容都是围绕节假日进行的。了解节假日的文化常识,学习、掌握基本的表达方式,是我们学习外语写作的一项基本任务。写一篇关于节假日的说明文就要求我们必须知道常用的节假日名称,还要知道节日里常用的祝贺语。该话题除可写说明文外,还可写议论文、记叙文、日记、通知、贺信、感谢信、贺卡、请柬、回执等。常用时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时等。而且要力求做到：要点全、语