人教版高一英语必修三重点点拨学案：Unit 4 单元知识总结 Word版含答案.doc

单元知识回扣1与time有关的短语(1)in time及时；终于；迟早(2)in time for sth./to do sth.来得及(做)；及时(做)(3)in no time立即，立刻(4)at a time依次；逐一；每次(5)at no time在任何时候都不；决不(置于句首时，主句使用部分倒装)(6)at one time曾经，一度(7)at times有时，偶尔(8)on time按时，准时2harmful adj.有害的harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的harm n& v损害；危害(1)be harmful to对有害(2)do sb.harm/do harm to sb.对某人有害(3)there is no harm (in) doing sth.做某事无害处。3exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在；生存(1)exist on靠生活/生存(2)exist in存在于中(3)there exist(s)/existed.某地有；存在(4)come into existence(begin to exist)产生；成立(5)in existence现存的，存在的4与birth有关的短语(1)give birth to产生；分娩；引发；造成(2)by birth血统上；生来，天生地(3)at birth出生时5与turn有关的短语(1)in ones turn接着；轮到某人(2)in turn依次，轮流；反过来(3)by turns 轮流；交替地(4)take turns to do sth.轮流做某事(5)its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。6prevent.from.prevent.(from) doing sth.阻止做某事。与这种结构相似的有stop sb./sth.(from) doing sth.；keep sb./sth.from doing sth.(from不可以省略)。注意：在被动语态中，这三个短语中的from都不能省略。7depend on/upon依靠；依赖；取决于(1)依靠某人做某事(2)depend on/upon it that.相信/指望(3)that/it (all) depends.依情况而定。8puzzle n谜；难题；vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难puzzled adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的puzzling adj.令人费解的puzzle about/over苦苦思索；仔细琢磨9it作形式宾语的句型(1)句中made it possible for life to develop属于“makeit形容词/名词(宾补)to do/that 从句”结构。该结构中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式或that从句。(2)在“make宾语宾补”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词或形容词。注意：当“make宾语do sth.”变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要加上。10与pull有关的短语(1)pull down拆毁(2)pull in (火车等)到站，进站；驶向路边(或某处)停靠(3)pull through康复，痊愈；渡过难关(4)pull up停车，停止11cheer (sb./sth.) up (使)感到高兴；(使)感到振奋cheer v& n欢呼，喝彩，加油cheerful adj.高兴的；兴高采烈的(1)cheer sb.on为某人加油(2)cheers！干杯！12与break有关的短语(1)break out (战争、火灾等)突发；爆发(2)break away from脱离；逃脱(3)break down出故障，坏掉；失败；(健康等)垮掉(4)break in插话；破门而入(5)break into破门而入(6)break up粉碎；解散；分手13与watch有关的短语(1)watch out (for)密切注意；当心；提防(2)watch over照看；看守(3)keep a watch on守望；注视14as.as.结构(1)as形容词a/an可数名词单数as.像一样的(2)as形容词/副词原级as.像一样和一样多15倍数的表达方法(1)倍数asadj./adv.(原级)as.(2)倍数比较级than.(3)倍数the size(height/length/width.)of.(4)倍数what从句16now that.(1)now that既然，由于，引导原因状语从句，在口语中可以省略that。与now that意思相近的有seeing that，since等。(2)就像although/though不能与but连用，because不能与so连用一样，当now that引导的从句表示原因时，主句前不能加so。注意：引导原因状语的介词短语有due to，thanks to，because of，as a result of，owing to，on account of等。explore mkmk，a planet billions of kilometers away，is 1.the origin of life in many religions.physicists 2.have proved(prove) the theory that its gentle climate and the pull of its gravity are similar to the earths.and astronomers have found that oxygen atoms and carbon dioxide，3.which are fundamental to life，exist in its atmosphere through satellites.4.cheered(cheer) up by this news，biologists，in their turn，began to do some research to remove peoples puzzles.now that there are some 5.suitable(suit) conditions，does life really exist on this globe?do they multiply by laying eggs 6.or giving birth to babies?last month，a spaceship was sent there.its a pity 7.that this mission failed.unlike the earth，mk is a much 8.younger(young) planet.thus，masses of harmful acid clouds float everywhere causing violent chain 9.reactions(react) to break out.these clouds not only bl