人教版必修五Unit 1 Great scientists grammar课时作业 (5).docx

unit 1 great scientists grammar课时作业一、阅读理解。in ancient egypt，the pharaoh(法老)treated the message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace，if he brought good news.however，if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news，his head was cut off.shades of that spirit spread over todays conversations.once a friend and i packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing.as we walked lightheartedly out of the door，picnic basket in hand，a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said，“oh boy，a bad day for a picnic.the weatherman says its going to rain.” i wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches.not for his stupid weather report，but for his smile.several months ago i was racing to catch a bus.as i breathlessly put my handful of cash across the greyhound counter，the sales agent said with a broad smile，“oh，that bus left five minutes ago.” dreams of headcutting!its not the news that makes someone angry.its the unsympathetic attitude with which its delivered(传递)everyone must give bad news from time to time，and big winners do it with the proper attitude.a doctor advising his patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way.a boss informing an employee he fails to get the job takes on a sympathetic tone.big winners know，when delivering any bad news，they should share the feeling of the receiver.unfortunately，many people are not aware of this.when youre tired from a long flight，has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isnt ready yet? when you had your heart set on the toasted beef，has your waiter merrily told you that he just served the last piece? it makes you as a traveler or diner want to land your fist right on their unsympathetic faces.had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy.i would have appreciated his warning.had the greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left，i probably would have said，“oh，thats all right.ill catch the next one.” big winners，when they bear bad news，deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded(被轰炸的)person is sure to have.1from “dreams of headcutting！”(paragraph 3)，we learn that the writer _.awas reminded of the cruel pharaohbwas mad at the sales agentcwished that the sales agent would have bad dreamsddreamed of cutting the sales agents head that night2which of the following is true?athe author really appreciated the neighbors warning.bfrom the passage we know that it is the bad news that makes someone angry.cif the runner brought to the pharaoh unhappy news，he would be treated like a prince.dwhen we want to deliver any bad news，we should share the feeling of the receiver.3what is the main idea of the text?areceiving bad news requires great courage.bhelping others sincerely is the key to business success.cdelivering bad news with sympathy is important in communication.dlearning ancient traditions can be useful.4in the writers opinion，his neighbor was _.anot helpful bnot consideratecfriendly dwarmhearted【解题导语】本文主要讲述当我们要告诉别人不好的消息的时候，要注意说话的方式和语气，还要带有同情心。1b考查推理判断。根据第三段的描述可知，“我”对售票员的态度很恼火。2d考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“big winners know，when delivering any bad news，they should share the feeling of the receiver”可知，当告诉别人不好的消息的时候，应该带有同情心，应该分担消息接收者不好的感觉。3c考查主旨大意。本文主要告诉我们当我们告诉别人不好的消息的时候，要注意讲话的方式和态度，应该带有同情心，分担别人的忧愁。4b考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“as we walked lightheartedly out of the door, picnic basket in hand，a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said.i wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches”以及最后一段中的“had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, i would have appreciated his warning”可知，“我”认为邻居没有同情心，不能为别人考虑。故选b项。二、单句语法填空1the father wanted _ (leave) alone to enjoy some peace and quiet.答案：to be leftleave . alone “让一个人待着；不管；别惹。”2all the neighbours on the street were _ (alarm) at the news that a little boy was killed in the fire.答案：alarmedalarmed为形容词“害怕的；担心的”，用于描述人的心理特征。3was he in favour _ the plan put forward at the meeting?答案：ofin favour of “赞成；支持”。4i envy you _ (have) such a good friend!答案：havingenvy sb. sth./doing sth. “忌妒/羡慕某人某物/做某事”。5we desired that you _ (have) a rest. 答案：(should) have desire that . “希望”，该that从句中谓语动词应用(should)动词原形，故填(should) have。6marriages based on money rather than love are bound _ (end) in divorce sooner or later.答案：to endbe bound to do “一定做”。7after living in hangzhou for five years, she has developed quite an _ (affect) for the city.答案：affection冠词an后应用名词。affection为名词“喜爱；感情”。8_ (accompany) by his wife, he has recovered from the operation soon.答案：accompaniedaccompany与句子主语he之间为被动关系，故应填过去分词作状语。9the meeting _ (hold) tomorrow is very important.答案：to be held不定式作后置定语修饰meeting, 表示将来的动作，故用不定式。且hold与meeting之间为被动关系，故应填不定式的被动形式。10if you _ (obey) the law, you will be punished.答案：disobey由句子结构和语境可知，此处填表示否定含义的动词作谓语。disobey “不服从；违抗”。由“主将从现”原则可知，用一般现在时。三、完形填空。one day when i was 13，my family was working in the fields to clear away old brush when somehow the electric fence sparked(冒火花)and _1_ a fire.we didnt see the fire _2_ it had blocked the way to the only gate.i _3_ to jump over the fence to safety but the fire was all around us.i could only watch in _4_ as the flames continued to rise.little did i know that my father had once been a(n)_5_ and knew what to do. _6_ with only a pump sprayer，buckets, and his boots，he _7_ down to the nearby pond，filled the buckets and the sprayer，and began spraying the _8_ while my older brother threw water with the buckets.soon the wind _9_，however，and with the fire department too far away to arrive in time，my father began to stamp(踩灭) out the flames as he moved to the _10_，so that my family was able to move inch by inch toward the gate._11_ he arrived at the gate，he jumped into the truck，rolled up the windows，and drove _12_ the fire.then the fire was put out，and my mother was looking at my father with her _13_ eyes.after that，my father began telling us about his days as a firefighter，and my brother and i became _14_，asking him what other jobs he had done before he _15_.well，it turned out that he had done just about _16_ except brain surgery!he had been in the military as a carpenter，carpet layer，and an electrician，and had built b2 bombers before being poisoned in an accident that had _17_ him to retire.my father has a blood disorder as a result of that _18_，but that hasnt stopped him from being a fulltime electrician.to all those people whose fathers have worked in the military and in other dangerous jobs, be _19_ of them，and remember that some day their _20_ might save your life.1a.prevented bpermittedcwitnessed dstarted 2a.because bunlesscafter duntil3a.wanted bmanagedcpromised dhappened4a.anger bhorrorcexcitement dembarrassment5a.carpenter belectriciancfirefighter deducator6a.armed bsatisfiedcshared didentified7a.slid bfellcdashed dwalked8a.trees bgrasscflames dflowers9a.died off btook oncturned out dpicked up10a.fence btruckcfurniture dbucket11a.if boncecsince dwhile12a.through balongcover dacross13a.high bwidecfast dfar14a.curious bsuspiciouscconcerned danxious15a.moved bresignedcretired dsuffered16a.everything bnothingcsomething danything17a.allowed bencouragedcinvited dforced18a.fire baccidentcattempt dexplanation19a.afraid bproudccareful dashamed20a.culture blearningcskills dlanguages【解题导语】本文作者通过讲述火灾中父亲扑灭大火的故事，告诉我们曾经在部队和做过其他危险工作的父亲将来某一天可能会用他们的技能拯救我们的生命，我们应为他们感到骄傲。【核心词汇】as a result of由于，因为(其后跟宾语)be proud of为感到骄傲1d根据该句中的“the electric fence sparked(冒火花)and _1_ a fire”可知，此处表示一场火灾开始了。d项意为“开始，使开始发生”，符合语境。prevent“阻止”；permit“允许”；witness“目击”。2d直到大火堵住了通往唯一的门的路，我们才发现大火。此处考查“not.until.”结构。3a根据语境可知，“我”想(wanted)跳过篱笆，到达安全地带，可是大火包围了我们。manage“设法做成”；promise“许诺”；happen“发生”。4b由上文可知，大火包围了我们，“我”只能惊恐地看着火焰继续上升。in horror“惊恐地”；in anger“生气地”；in excitement“兴奋地”；in embarrassment“尴尬地”。5c根据第二段第一句中的“my father began telling us about his days as a firefighter”可知，父亲曾经是一名消防员。carpenter“木匠，木工”；electrician“电工”；educator“教育工作者”。6a本题考查be armed with的省略结构作状语，意为“用装备或武装”，故选a项。satisfied“满意的，满足的”；shared“共有的”；identified“可辨认的”。7c根据语境可知，父亲应该是冲(dashed)向最近的池塘。slide“滑行”。8c根据上下文可知，此处指开始用水喷向火焰(flames)。9d根据语境可知，此处表示然而很快，风又变强了。pick up“变大，变强”，符合语境。die off“相继死去，先后死去”；take on“呈现，开始具有(某种特征、面貌等)”；turn out“结果是，证明是”。10b根据下文中的“he jumped into the truck”可知，父亲走向卡车。11b考查连词。a项意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句；b项意为“一就，一旦”，引导时间状语从句；c项“自以来，因为，既然”；d项“当时候，尽管”。由上下文可知，此处指父亲一到达大门，就跳进了卡车里。故选b项。12a根据语境可知，父亲开着卡车从火中穿过。through“通过，穿过”，表示运动发生在某物的空间内；along“沿着”；over“在上面”；across“从一边到另一边，横过”，表示动作发生在物体的表面。13b根据语境可知，父亲开着卡车从火中穿过，火最终被扑灭了，所以母亲睁大(wide)眼睛看着父亲。14a根据下文中的“asking him what other jobs he had done”可知，我们是很好奇的(curious)。suspicious“怀疑的，猜疑的”；concerned“(与某事)有关的，有牵连的”； anxious“焦虑的，不安的，担心的”。15c根据语境可知，我们问父亲在退休(retired)之前还做过其他什么工作。下文中的“to retire”也是提示。16a根据第三段对父亲退休前工作的描述可知，父亲做过很多事情，所以此处指除了做脑外科手术之外，父亲几乎什么都做过。everything except“除了之外什么都”符合语境。17d由上下文可知，那场事故迫使(forced)父亲退休。18b根据上下文可知，此处指那场事故(accident)。attempt“尝试”； explanation“解释”。19bbe proud of “为感到骄傲”符合语境。ashamed“(因自己所做的事而)羞耻的，内疚的，惭愧的”。20c根据上文可知，此处指他们的技能(skills)有朝一日可能拯救你的生命。四、单句改错1ive come to ask you to do me favour._答案：me后加ado sb. a favour “帮某人一个忙”。2after a whole afternoons heated discussion, they finally declared us what had been decided._答案：declared后加todeclare sth. to sb. “向某人宣布/表明某事”。3people wanted to know who this talent designer was._答案：talenttalentedtalented为形容词“有天赋的；有才能的”，在句中修饰designer。4next to this restaurant stands many buildings._答案：standsstand该句为全部倒装结构，句子主语为复数名词buildings, 故谓语动词也应用复数。5the boy was absent school, which made his parents very angry._答案：absent后加frombe absent from . “不参加；缺席”。be absent from school “逃学；旷课”。五、短文改错i like travelling and my dream of visit beijing，the capital city of our country，come true during the national day holidays this year.in october 1st，i went to tiananmen square with my parents，there we watched the flagraising ceremony. as i watched flag rising slowly，i sang the national anthem，feeling extremely exciting.then we went to some other famous tourist attraction，like the great wall.standing on the great wall，i felt very proudly.i thought of the old saying that“one who fail to reach the great wall is not a hero.”although i was tired，but i really had a good time.【答案】i like