人教版选修七Unit 3 Under the sea Learning about language课时作业（7）.docx

unit 3 under the sea learning about language课时作业第一节 阅读理解asymbolic communication in the form of language underlies our unique ability to reasonor the conventional wisdom holds so. a new study published in science, though, suggests our capacity to reason logically may not actually depend on language, at least not fully. the findings show babies still too young to speak can reason and make reasonable deductions.the authorsa team from several european institutionsstudied infants(婴儿)aged 12 and 19 months, when language learning and speech production has just begun but complex mastery has not been achieved. the children had to inspect distinct objects repeatedlysuch as a dinosaur and a flower. the items were initially hidden behind a black wall. in one set of experiments the animation(动漫) would show a cup scooping up (舀出) the dinosaur. half of the time, the barrier would then be removed to reveal, as expected, the remaining flower. in the rest of the instances, though, the wall would disappear and a second dinosaur would be there.the children deduced in these latter occurrences that something was not quite right, even though they were unable to express in words what was wrong. eye-trackinga commonly used technique to judge mental abilities in preverbal (语前的) children and apesshowed infants stared significantly longer at scenes where the unexpected object appeared behind the barrier, suggesting they were confused by the revealed item.“our results indicate that the acquisition of logical vocabulary might not be the source of the most fundamental logical building blocks in the mind,” says the lead study author nicol cesana-arlotti. a major component of human logic, he notes, relates to thinking about alternative possibilities and eliminating inconsistent ones: does the dinosaur sit behind the barrier or does the flower? in a formal logic this is called a disjunctive syllogism (三段论法):a or b; if not a, therefore b.cesana-arlotti acknowledges his findings do not deny the importance of language and symbolic communication to human brain development, and to our evolutionary backstory. yet the new research suggests that perhaps it is not entirely necessary to shape the brains logical reasoning capacities. he plans further work studying how logic before the development of language might still differ from reasoning abilities that appear once language comes along, as language may open additional reasoning abilities unavailable to the speechless brain.“to our knowledge, nobody has ever directly documented logical reasoning in 12-month-old infants before,” he adds.1.we can learn from the new study published in science that.a.the ability to reason logically is unique to humansb.babies are too young to make reasonable deductionsc.language is not a requirement for some basic reasoningd.the new findings correspond with the conventional ideas2.the researchers draw the conclusion from the fact that .a.the infants were aware of illogical outcomesb.the infants inspected distinct objects over and over againc.the infants were very sensitive to the removal of the barrierd.the infants showed interest in the appearance of the dinosaur3.the underlined word “eliminating”in paragraph 3 probably means “”.a.resistingb.removingc.expandingd.exploring4.according to the text, what will cesana-arlotti study further?a.the mental development of babies.b.the initial state of logic in the mind.c.distinctions between verbal and preverbal logic.d.additional reasoning abilities of the speechless brain.第二节 任务型阅读we all have complaints about going to work. its expected: work takes up the majority of our waking day and it very much defines us. we often use our jobs as an introduction and a window into our lives when we meet someonea job reflects who we are. it influences the clothes we wear, the holidays we take, where we live and how we feel about ourselves. of course, it takes up sizeable amounts of time, focus and energy. we complain about getting on that rush-hour train or the way the boss speaks;we laugh about the pain of monday mornings and the thrill of annual leave. but for many people, work has ceased to be simply a source of complaints or a joke.but havent there always been tough roles, heavy workloads or overtime?why has this work-related illness arisen now?from the research that has been carried out on this subject, the workload is consistently cited as the most common reason for this ill health.but as our jobs are not going to change any time soon, its time to change ourselves. mental-health experts often talk about resilience:the ability to cope, survive and bounce back from difficulties. some abilities are inborn, but resilience can be built and fostered(培养)and certainly so in ones working life.we know that resilience at work is partly fostered by supportive relationships. so it is important to nurture healthy interpersonal relationships at work, whether that is through the support of a good manager or through friendship with work colleagues. any supportive relationship you invest in at work will improve your stress level.resilience can also be fostered by taking control. that is not easy in the face of a demanding boss or terrible workloads, so you might need to look for it elsewhere. being able to take control in other areas of your life also leads to empowerment and grows your confidence. control or change your journey to work, what you have for lunch or even who you sit with in the canteen.small changes may seem trivial(微不足道的), but they are super effective. psychologists talk about micro-actions and these are incredibly powerful in the face of stresschanging controllable aspects of your life so that those repeated small successes foster self-esteem, confidence and ultimately more success in the bigger areas of your life. it is also crucial not to let everything become related to work. look for micro-successes elsewhere, in your hobbies, your exercise goals and your life plan.our work appears to be making more and more of us unwell. but we all have the ability to make ourselves better.how to stay well in the officepassage outlinesupporting detailsbasic factsa job reflects our 1and influences many 2 of our lives.it is understandable that people have 3 feelings about work.the workload is to blame for a 4in the work-related illness nowadays.experts viewwe cant expect our jobs to change 5, but we can change ourselves by building resilience.ways to buildresilience resilience can be fostered by developing good supportive relationships with colleagues or superiors. our 6 in any relationship will pay off eventually.resilience can also be fostered by taking control of whatever is within easy 7.conclusionwe can 8upon small successes to achieve greatness.we shouldnt 9our changes within work. instead, we should try to seek more successes in other areas of our life.though the workload appears to make us unwell, we can turn the situation in our 10.参考答案阅读理解语篇解读本文通过一些实验说明人类的逻辑推理能力并非完全建立在语言的基础上。1.c推理判断题。根据第一段第二句a new study published in science, though, suggests our capacity to reason logically may not actually depend on language, at least not fully.可知,研究表明我们的逻辑推理能力并非完全以语言为基础,也就是说语言并非是一些推理的基本要求,故选c项。2.a推理判断题。根据第三段第一句the children deduced in these latter occurrences that something was not quite right.可知,这些婴儿通过观察发现了不对劲的地方。婴儿虽然不会说话,但是能够意识到不符合逻辑的结果,故选a项。3.b词义猜测题。画线词所在句句意为:他指出,人类逻辑的重要组成部分和思考其他可能性和排除有矛盾的可能性有关:屏障后面是恐龙还是花?resist抵制;remove移除,消除;expand扩张;explore探索。remove最接近eliminate的意思,故选b项。4.c推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第三句he plans further work studying how logic before the development of language might still differ from reasoning abilities that appear once language comes along.可知,他接下来要进一步研究逻辑推理能力在语言能力发展前后的区别,故选c项。任务型阅读语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。我们既抱怨工作又因为工作而欢笑,但是对很多人来说,工作不仅仅是抱怨或开玩笑的话题,因为工作量被认为是生病的常见原因。我们并不能轻易改变工作,但是可以改变自己,因为复原力是可以培养的。文章介绍了提高复原力、在工作中保持健康的方法。1.identity根据第一段第三句.a job reflects who we are.可知,工作反映我们的身份。故填identity。2.aspects/areas根据第一段第四句it influences the clothes we wear, the holidays we take, where we live and how we feel about ourselves.可知,工作影响我们的衣着、假期、居住地点、自我感受等各个方面。aspect方面,area领域,均符合题意。根据空格前的many可知应填复数形式aspects或areas。3.mixed根据第一段第六句we complain about getting on that rush-hour train.;we laugh about the pain of monday mornings.可知,人们对工作的态度既有抱怨又有自嘲,因此对工作的感情是复杂的、混合的。故填mixed。4.rise根据第二段第二、三句why has this work-related illness arisen now.the workload is consistently cited as the most common reason for this ill health.可知,工作量不断成为相关疾病的原因。a rise in.在方面的上升。故填rise。5.immediately/instantly/directly/soon/shortly/swiftly/promptly根据第三段第一句but as our jobs are not going to change any time soon.可知,我们不能马上或快速地换工作。表示“马上”和“迅速”意思的副词均可作为答案,故填immediately/instantly/directly/soon/shortly/swiftly/promptly。6.investment(s)根