高考英语一轮复习 话题38 发明家与发明（Unit 3 Inventors and inventions）新人教版选修8.doc

话题38 发明家与发明（unit 3 inventors and inventions）晨读背诵话题单词1. discovery dskvr n. 发现 2. patent pet()nt n. 专利3.product prdkt n.产品 4. expectation ekspekte()n n. 预料5. recognition rekn()n n. 认可 6. application plke()n n. 申请7. occasionally kenl adv. 偶尔 8. practical prktk()l adj. 实际的9. unrealistic nrlstk adj. 不现实 10. system sstm n. 系统11. negotiate net n. 磋商 12. positive pztv adj. 积极的 13. benefit benft v. 带来好处 14. function fkn n.功能；作用15. throughout ruat n.遍及；贯穿 16. feature fi:t n.特征；特色17. emergency mdns n.紧急情况；突发事件；非常时刻18. unexpected nkspektd adj.想不到的；意外的；未预料到的19. particular ptkjl(r) adj.个别的；特别的 20. negative netv adj.否定的；负面的；消极的话题短语1. set about/ out开始；着手 2. in truth事实上3.out of order 发生故障 4. first of all 首先5. a variety of 各种各样的 6. in the inernet 在网络7. concentrate on 集中于 8. research into 对研究 9. have an effect on 对有影响 10. bring about 产生；带来11. at a high speed 高速地 12. as for 至于 13. on the other hand另一方面 14. potential danger 潜在危险话题句子1only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.只有在你获得了那种认证后，你才能说是一个真正的发明家。2the criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。3remember to include one change to your invention in case it doesnt work the first time.记住对你的发明要有变化的余地，以防它第一次不起作用。4. you have invented a car that uses water instead of petrol. 你发明了一种使用水而不用汽油的汽车。6. creativity is not about getting high test scores, having a high iq or being smart. 创造力并非意味着考试得一个高分，有高智商或聪明伶俐。7. creative thinking is a conscious effort to break away from old thought patterns in order to explore new possibilities. 创造性思维是一种有意识的打破旧的思维模式试图找到新的可能性的尝试。8. by looking at a problem in as many ways as possible, creative thinkers can find solutions that would otherwise remain invisible. 通过尽可能多的角度来看待一个问题，富有创造力的思考者可以发现在其他情况下可能觉察不了的答案。篇章模板madame curie was a world famous woman scientist. she was born in a teachers family in poland in 1867 and died in 1934. from her childhood, she loved to study and hoped to become a scientist. at 24 she left for paris and entered paris university. she lived a very simple life and studied very hard. madame curie devoted her whole life to scientific research. she won the nobel prize for physics in 1903 and for chemistry in 1911.she will be always remembered as a great woman scientist.汉语大意：居里夫人是一位世界著名的女科学家。1867年她出生在波兰一个老师的家庭，死于1934。从她的童年起，她爱学习，希望成为一个科学家。她24岁去巴黎，进入巴黎大学。她过着很简单的生活，学习非常努力。居里夫人毕生致力于科学研究。她获得了1903获诺贝尔物理奖，1911诺贝尔化学奖。作为一个伟大的女科学家她将永远被人们铭记。基础知识自测一、单词拓展(a)根据音标及词义写出英文单词1.distinguish dstw vi. & vt.显示的差别;使有所不同;辨别2.merciful msfl adj.宽大的;仁慈的;慈悲的mercy ms n.宽大;仁慈3.product prdkt n.产品4.abrupt brpt adj.突然的;意外的abruptly brptl adv.突然地,唐突地5.convenient knvinnt adj.便利的,方便的,就近的convenience knvinns n.方便,便利conveniently knvinntladv.便利地,方便地6.caution k:n n.小心,谨慎cautious k:s adj.小心的,谨慎的cautiouslyk:sl adv.小心地,谨慎地7.passive psv adj.被动的;消极的;被动语态的8.seize si:z vt.抓住;捉住;夺9.file fal n.文件;档案;文件夹 vt.提交;将归档10.freezing friz adj.冰冻的;严寒的freeze friz v.冰冻11.innocent nsnt adj.清白的;无罪的;天真的innocence nsns n.天真,清白12.bear be(r) vt.忍受;忍耐;负担13.tap tp vt.轻打;轻拍;轻敲 n.轻轻地敲击(声);(水)龙头14.current krnt n.(水或气)流;电流 adj.现在的;当前的15.stable steb()l adj.稳固的;稳定的;安定的16.associate set vt.联想;联系 n.同伴,伙伴17.practical prktk()l adj.实际的;实践的;实用的18.competence kmptns n.能力;胜任;本领(b)单词活用 用所给词的正确形式填空1. im sorry, but i dont know there is an abrupt ( abruptly)change of plan.2. as expected (expect), the sales manager gave in his notice at work today.3. we should try our best to put the enemy in a passive ( passive) position.4. as we all know, newspapers influence the current ( currently) of thought.5. i have heard two versions (version) of the accident.6its freezing (freeze) outside. youd better put on more clothes.7your invention is ingenious, but not very practical (practice).8i keep my reference books near my desk for convenience (convenient)二、短语互译及运用(a)短语互译1.call up 给打电话2.now and then 偶尔;有时3.set about 开始;着手4.dive into 迅速把手伸入;一心投入5.set out (to do) 开始(做)6.hang on 不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住7.out of order 次序颠倒;发生故障8.get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过9.ring back 回复电话10.ring off 挂断电话(b)灵活运用 选择以上恰当的词组填空1. the poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died.2. do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off.3. these old photos called up childhood memories.4. i set out to knit(编织) a sweater but in the end it became a vest.5. hes not in; why dont you ring back after 6 oclock?6. he takes my sister out to the theatre now and then.7. my clock is out of order and waked me up at 3 this morning.三、课文语法填空when i called up my mother in the countryside 1 the telephone she was upset. there were some snakes in the courtyard 2 came near the house now and then. i think here was a chance for me to distinguish 3 by inventing something to catch the snakes 4 i set about working on some approaches. finally i came up with an easy 5 convenient way: i put a bowl with some ice-cubes in it 6 the snakes habitat to make them sleepy, then i used a small net 7 (collect) the passive snakes and the next day i merrily released them all back 8 the wild. i was satisfied with my invention that i decided to seize the opportunity to apply 9 a patent. so i sent my invention to the patent office to get recognition. and 10 after i have had the recognition can i say that i am truly an inventor.【答案】1. on 2. which/ that 3. myself 4. so 5. and 6. over 7. to collect 8. into 9. for 10. only 重点词汇精讲精练1. distinguish vt. 辨别；辨认；（常与from, between连用）区别；区分背诵 the man distinguishes himself by his wisdom这个人因智慧而扬名。搭配distinguish a from b 辨别a与b be distinguished from不同于be distinguished by 以为特征be distinguished for 因而著称distinguish oneself 显扬自己；使自己扬名运用 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。(1)hes distinguished himself as a teacher. (作为老师，他早已负有盛名。)(2)what was it that distinguished her from (使得她有别于)her classmates?(3) children should be taught to distinguish right from wrong (分辨好坏).2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的背诵 our house is very convenient for the shops. 我们的房子离商店很近。搭配be convenient to/for sb 对方便it is convenient to do sth 做某事方便convenience n 方便at your convenience 在你方便的时候 if it suits a persons convenience如果对某人方便for the convenience of sb为了方便起见运用 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。(1)come and see me whenever it s convenient to you (无论你何时方便).(2)we must arrange a convenient (convenience) time and place for the meeting.(3)i keep my reference books near by desk for convenience (convenient).3. bear v. 忍受，具有，带有，显示 （标记或特性）背诵 the letter bears no signature.这封信上没有签名。搭配bear doing/ n/to do忍受bear sb./sb.s doing忍受某人做某事bear sb./sth. out证实；为作证bear with sb./sth.耐心对待；容忍bear sth. in mind牢记说明 bear作“忍受”讲时，其后接动名词做宾语，表示习惯性的动作，也可接不定式做宾语，表示某一次具体的动作，且多与can, could及be able to等连用。运用 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。(1)i couldnt bear to listen (听不下去)any longer, so i left the room.(2)i cant bear being kept (忍受别人叫我等待)waiting.(3)i doubt if that chair will bear your weight (承受得了你的体重).(4)you must bear it in mind (记住)that your parents hope to depend on you to become a doctor.4. seize vt. 抓住，捉住；占据；（指强烈的感情 愿望等）突然影响或控制（某人）背诵 she seized me by the wrist. 她抓住我的手腕。搭配seize hold of sth 抓住某物seize a chance / an opportunity 抓住时机seize on/upon sth 意识到某事物而立即加以利用运用 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。(1)his father asked him to seize the chance to make some money (抓住时机赚一些钱).(2)we were seized (身不由己) by a sudden impulse to run.(3)the critics seized on (抓住) my mistake and said i was ignorant.5. expectation n. 预料，期待，期望背诵 he has little expectation of passing the exam. 他对考试及格不抱希望。搭配beyond expectation 出乎意料in expectation of 预料，期望，指望against all expectation (s) 与预期相反，出乎意料come up to ones expectations 不负所望运用 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。(1)i usually enjoy his films, but the last one didnt come to my expectations (并不像我期望的那样好). (2)we waited at the station in expectation of her arrival(期待她的到来). 6. go through经历(困难,痛苦等)；通过,成功,成交；审阅,检查；翻找,查看,搜寻；穿过,通过背诵 the plan didnt go through. 计划没通过。联想look through 浏览 read through 通读 flow through流过 get through 通过，接通，使成功 search through搜寻,查找 carry sth through 成功地完成 put sth through 完成或达成（计划方案）运用 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。(1)i have never gone through (经历)this kind of the thing, so im afraid. (2) i tried several times, but couldnt get through (打通电话).7. call up 征召；召集服兵役；唤起；使人回忆；带入心中；打电话给某人背诵 he called me up to tell me the good news. 他打电话给我并告诉我这个好消息。联想call back 召回；回电话；收回处理call on/at 拜访(on后跟人；at后跟地点名词)call for 要求，提倡，为叫喊call forth 使产生；引起；使起作用call in 召集，召来，来访call off 取消；取消或延期：call out 出动，唤起，大声叫唤运用 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或副词。(1)this is the work that calls for patience. (2)human rights groups are calling for the release of political prisoners. (3)he had to call off the meeting because of the bad weather.(4) i ll call on him tomorrow do you want to visit him with me?(5)the company has called back all such models as built in 1990.(6)the government then called in troops to deal with the disturbances.(7) the old photo calls up memories of my childhood. 8. set about sth/doing sth (不用於被动语态) 开始（某工作）； 着手做某事背诵 the new government must set about finding solutions to the countrys economic problems. 新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。联想set sth aside 将某事物放在一边；（为某目的）节省或保留（钱或时间）set sth down 将某事物记在纸上； 写下来set out 从某地出发上路set off 开始（旅行、赛跑等）set sth off 使（炸弹、地雷等）爆炸set to 精力充沛地开始做某事set sth up 摆放或竖起某物；创（体育）记录运用 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。(1)i don t know how to set about this job. (2)she set up a new world record time in the 100 metres. (3)they set out on the last stage of their journey. (4)how do senior managers set about making these decisions? 经典句型背诵仿写1. in case 因为可能发生某事；以防万一；万一背诵 it may rain youd better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does). 可能下雨-你最好带把伞，以防万一（下起来）。联想in case of sth 若发生某事；假如in any case 无论如何；总之in no case 在任何情形下决不；无论如何都不in that case 既然那样；假若是那样的话仿写 翻译下面的句子。(1) in case of fire (遇火警时), ring the alarm bell. (2) you dont like your job? in that case (既然那样), why dont you leave?(3)bring some money with you in case (以防万一) you want to buy something.2. it is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分背诵 not until last week did they find the lost bike. 直到上个星期他才找到丢失的自行车。仿写 根据汉语意思完成句子。(1) 直到他的妻子回来他才睡觉。it was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. (2) 我的儿子直到上了大学后才意识到时间的重要性。not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. 语言知识巧用妙用翻译或完成下列句子，注意黑体部分要用到本单元的短语和句型，然后将其合并成一篇5句话左右的短文。1. 这一家人搬走了，因为这里经常交通堵塞，孩子上学不方便。the family moved away, because there were so frequent traffic jams and it isnt convenient for children to go to school.2. 他们的孩子大学毕业后，开始实验一种新能源。having graduated from the college, their child set about testing out a new source.3. 他最近一直忙于申请专利的事，没时间给我们打电话。 he is busy with applying for a patent recently, and has no time to call us up.4. 事实上，我们很久没有见过他了。 in truth, we havent seen him for a long time.5. 今天我们相聚给他打了电话以防他忘了确切的时间。 we have a get-together today and phoned him in case he might forget the exact time. 合并in truth, we havent seen our old friend cathy for a long time. long time ago, her family moved away, because there were so frequent traffic jams and it isnt convenient for children to go to school. then cathy went to college and having graduated from the college, she set about testing out a new source. she is busy with applying for a patent recently, and has no time to call us up. but we have a get-together today and phoned him in case he might forget the exact time.轻轻松松走进高考阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为110的相应位置上。maybe you never opened that account, but someone else 1 - someone who used your name, your credit card number or 2 (person) information to commit fraud (造假) without letting you know, 3 is actually a crime.the biggest problem is 4 (probable) that you may not know that someone has taken away your identity 5 you notice that something is wrong. you may get bills for 6 credit card account you never opened. your credit report may include debts you never knew you had, 7 you may see charges on your bills that you didnt sign for, and even dont know anything about.if your identity 8 (steal) like that, the federal trade commission (ftc) suggests that you should take at least two actions immediately. first, contact the fraud departments of the major credit offices and ask them 9 copies of your credit reports. then , review your reports carefully 10 (check) your corrections and changes.【答案】1. did 2. personal 3. which 4. probably 5. until 6. a 7. or 8. is stolen/has been stolen 9. for 10. to check二、完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意然后从120各题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项。出处：河北省衡水中学2016届高三上学期期末考试新鲜度难度话题 友善真诚，互助友爱关键词help体裁记叙文短文词数 315建议时间 15分钟正确率 /20my 9-year-old daughter and i were flying from our home in carolina to spend a week with my husband in florida. we were 1 about the trip because we hadnt seen him for five months, and 2 her dad terribly. as usual on the charlotte-to-miami flight, the plane was totally 3 . because we did not get our boarding passes until we 4 at the gate, kallie and i could not get seats together and were 5 by the aisle(过道). i asked two passengers in my row if they would switch places with kallie and me, 6 we could be together. they 7 , saying they thought they should stay in their assigned seats. meanwhile, a mother and her three children were in a 8 several rows ahead of us. there had been a mistake in their boarding passes, and 9 the whole family had been split up. the passengers in her row 10 refused to move elsewhere. she was very 11 about the younger boy sitting with strangers. she was in tears, yet nobody 12 to help her. there were a troop of boy scouts (童子军) on 13 . suddenly the scout leader stood up and said, “maam, i think we can help you.”he then 14 five minutes rearranging his group so that adequate space was 15 for the family. the boys followed his directions cheerfully and without 16 , and the mothers relief was obvious. kallie, however, was beginning to panic at the 17 of not being next to me. i told her that there wasnt anything i could do. 18 , the man sitting next to the scoutmaster, 19 to me and asked, “would you and your daughter like our seats?” 20 to himself and the scoutmaster. we traded seats and continued our trip, very much relieved to be together and watch the scenery from kallies window seat.1. a. worried b. excited c. anxious d. eager2. a. loved b. considered c. imagined d. missed3. a. full b. crowded c. empty d. overweight4. a. waited b. arrived c. landed d. knocked5. a. divided b. blocked c. separated d. connected6. a. in case b. even if c. as if d. so that7. a. prevented b. refused c. agreed d. promised8. a. panic b. hurry c. rush d. seat9. a. however b. otherwise c. therefore d. instead10. a. too b. even c. ever d. also11. a. concernedb. curious c. particular d. content12. a. suggested b. offered c. provided d. supplied13. a. duty b. watch c. board d. spot14. a. took b. cost c. paid d. spent15. a. convenient b. available c. probable d. comfortable16. a. permission b. excuse c. apology d. complaint17. a. thought b. end c. feeling d. sense18. a. immediatelyb. puzzlingly c. clearly d. amazingly19. a. turned up b. turned around c. turned out d. turned away20. a. sticking b. keeping c. waving d. referring【读后反馈】. 靓词aisle n. 过道 scout n. 童子军. 难句1. i asked two passengers in my row if they would switch places with kallie and me, 6 (so that)we could be together. 本句是复合句。if引导宾语从句；so that引导目的状语从句。2. 18 (amazingly), the man sitting next to the scoutmaster, 19 (turned around) to me and asked, “would you and your daughter like our seats?” 20 (referring) to himself and the scoutmaster.本句中，sitting next to the scoutmaster为v-ing短语作定语，修饰man；(referring) to himself and the scoutmaster为v-ing短语作伴随状语。. 拓展练1.单句语法填空that morning i arrived at school ten minutes earlier than _(usually).2. 句式仿写（1）他们对自己孩子的健康担心着呢。_(2)他们到达了农场，很欣慰看到了自己的梦想的景象。(very much relieved to)_本文介绍了作者和女儿一起做飞机去看望丈夫，但是由于登记卡的问题她们没能够坐在一起，而且别人也拒绝和它们换座位，和她们有着类似情况的还有一位母亲和她的三个孩子，就当她们无可奈何时，一队童子军主动帮助了她们。1b下文语境题。根据下文的原因状语从句because we hadnt seen him for five months,可知在即将见到几个月未曾见面的丈夫（或者女儿的父亲）时，作者和女儿非常“兴奋”。worried担忧的；anxious焦虑的；eager渴望的。 2d上文语境题。由上文的的原因状语从句because we hadnt seen him for five months,可知孩子会非常想念父亲。loved爱；considered认为；imagined想象。6d上文语境题。根据上文作者和女儿没有坐在一起，可知：作者想和别人换座位为的是能坐在一起，方便照顾女儿，so that意为：表示目的。故选d。in case以防；even if 即使； as if似乎。7b下文语境题。根据两名乘客说的话they thought they should stay in their assigned seats可知：他们没有答应作者换座位的请求，故选b 拒绝。prevented阻止； agreed同意；promised答应。8a下文语境题。根据下文的she was in tears,可知：当时母亲和孩子们内心慌乱。故选a。hurry匆忙； rush 急匆匆； seat座位。9c上文语境题。由上句内容there had been a mistake in their boarding passes 和下句内容the whole family had been split up可知前后是因果关系，故选c。10d上文语境题。根据上文内容作者想换座位遭到了别人的拒绝，可知：此时的这位母亲同样“也”遭到了拒绝。故选d。11a上文语境题。根据上下文可知：她非常担心与陌生人坐在一起的孩子。故选a。curious好奇的； particular挑剔的；content满足的。12b上下文语境题。offer to do表示“主动提供”，故选b。suggested建议；provided 提供； supplied供应。