高考英语 热点题型和提分秘籍 专题05 介词和介词短语（含解析）.doc

专题05 介词和介词短语【高频考点解读】介词和介词短语也是高考的一个必考点，每年都保持在一至两个题目，命题形式除了单项填空外还在完形填空、语法填空、短文改错中进行考查，其考点主要涉及常用介词的用法区别，介词与动词、名词、形容词等的常见搭配，介词在特定语境中的选用和介词短语的用法等。【热点题型】题型一 表示原因的介词例1、the smiths are praised _the way they bring up their children.afrombbycat dfor【提分秘籍】 1for表示原因时，常与sorry，famous，punish，praise，thank，blame等词连用。如：i am sorry for what i said to you.2at表示引起某种情感变化的原因，常与表示看、听或喜、怒、吃惊的词连用，意为“因听到或看到而”。如：he was surprised at the news.3from常接抽象名词表示自然、间接或外在的原因，如受伤、车祸等。如：he died from the wound.4of多用于表示自身或内在的原因，如病、饿等。如：the old man died of hunger.5with指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因。如：hearing the news, he jumped with joy.he was shaking with anger.6by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。如：she took your umbrella by mistake.她错拿了你的雨伞。7over一般用于cry，weep，laugh等带有感情色彩的动词后，表示所发生的事情的原因。如：she wept over the death of her daughter.we laughed over the victory.8because of表示引起结果的直接原因。如：he retired last month because of his illness.9thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常意为“幸亏，多亏”。如：thanks to john, we won the game.【举一反三】 when we heard the news that beijing basketball team has won the final, we sang and danced _ joy.ato bwithcat dof答案：b该题应用with表示由于高兴而又唱又跳。with表示原因时，一般指由于外界而影响到内部的原因。题型二 表示计量的介词例2、he thought the jar made of earth _ little value and let me have it _ only one dollar.awith; for bof; forcof; by dwith; by【提分秘籍】 1at表示“以速度；以价格”。如：it flies at about 900 kilometers an hour.i sold my car at a high price.2for表示“用交换；以为代价”。如：he sold his car for 500 dollars.注意：at表示单价，for表示总钱数。3by表示“以计”，后跟度量单位。如：they paid him by the month.注意：by后接具体度量单位要加the。题型三 表示工具或手段的介词例3、the form is very important. please fill in the form _ ink not _ a pencil, jack.ain; by bwith; incin; with dby; in答案：c第一个空应用in表示“用墨水”；第二个空应用with表示“用工具”，后面的名词带有冠词。【提分秘籍】 1by意为“用某种方式”，后面的名词不带冠词。如：i went there by bus.2with表示“用某种工具”，后面的名词需带冠词。如：he broke the window with a stone.3in表示“用”时，后面的宾语不带冠词，且多为铅笔、墨水、颜色、语言等。如：i hate letters written in pencil.we will never forget this historical lesson written in blood.4on表示“以方式”，多用于固定词组。如：they talked on the telephone.she learns english on the radio/on tv.题型四 表示“在之间”的介词例4、four chinese models were _ the 14 people awarded prizes on friday at the world super model competition.aamong bbetweencalong dbeside答案：afour chinese models是部分，the 14 people是整体，所以选among意为“在之中”。【提分秘籍】1between表示在两者之间。如：you are to sit between your father and me.2among表示在三者或三者以上之间。如：he is always happy among his classmates.3有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，但强调多者中的两两关系时用between。如：switzerland lies between france, italy, austria and germany.pay attention to the relationship between the sentences in your composition.题型五 表示“除了”的介词例5、some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days.afor bexceptcbesides dwith答案：c句意：如今一些人选择工作时，除了钱的原因还有其他原因。besides表示“除之外，还有”；except表示“除外，把除去”。【提分秘籍】 1besides表示“除之外，还有”。如：we all went to see the film besides you.除你之外我们也都去看电影了。2except表示“除外，把除去”。如：we all went to see the film except you.除你之外我们都去看电影了。3but与except同义，但多用于不定代词no one/nobody/nothing/everything/all和副词nowhere/anywhere以及疑问代词who之后。如：i never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.4except for表示“如无就，只是”，多表明理由细节。如：his diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.5except that表示“除外，把除去”，后面接句子。如：i know nothing about him except that he is from beijing.6apart from在不同的上下文中，既有besides的含义，又有except和except for的含义，要根据上下文来判别。如：apart from/besides english，he has a good command of russian and french.he has no interests，apart from/except his work.its a good paper，apart from/except for a few spelling mistakes.【高考风向标】1.【2015重庆】10. last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 _ the average.a. below b. on c. at d. above【答案】d 【解析】句意：去年是有纪录以来最热的一年，全球平均气温上升0.68度。with 的宾语global temperature ，宾语补足above the average。 2.【2015浙江】3. have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?a. about b. to c. with d. over【答案】 b3.【2015浙江】17. these comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.a. in memory of b. in response to c. in touch with d. in possession of【答案】b【解析】句意：这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。a. in memory of 意为纪念， b. in response to意为回应，c. in touch with意为联系，d. in possession of意为拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用，根据常识和句意，评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是b. in response to回应。4.【2015陕西】12. the little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street. a. on b. by c. in d. at【答案】b【解析】句意：这个小学生拉住他奶奶的膀子和她一起穿过街道。 take sb. by the arm拉住某人的膀子，所以选b。5.【2015福建】22._a common memory they all havetheir school days is the school uniform.a. ofb. onc. tod. with【答案】a【解析】a.of表示关于，表示从属关系；b.on表示在之上；c.to表示对于；d.with表示和在一起。该句意思为：他们共有的关于他们学校的记忆是校服。故选a6.【2015江苏】34.many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ thomas edison.a. thanks to b. regardless of c. aside from d. but for【答案】d【解析】句意：要不是爱迪生的发明，今天我们身边享用的很多东西都将不复存在。a项“多亏”，具有很强的迷惑性，如将题干改成“_thomas edison, nowwecanbenefitfrommanyofthethings aroundus.”则选a项；b项“不管，不顾”；c项“除了”；d项“要不是”，常用于隐藏式（含蓄式）虚拟条件句。故选d项。7.【2015安徽】33.they believe that there are transport developments _ that will bring a lot of changes for the better.a. out of dateb. out of orderc. around the clock d. around the corner【答案】d【解析】句意：他们认为即将到来的交通发展将会带来很多好的方面的变化。a过时的；b发生故障的；c昼夜不停地；d即将来临。故选d。8.【2015湖北】30.this meeting room is a non-smoking area. i would like to warn you _ that if you smoked here you would be fined. a.in advance b.in detail c. in total d.in general 【答案】a1.（2014福建卷）22. our club is open to everyone _ age, sex or educational background.a. due to b. except for c. along with d. regardless of【答案】d【解析】本题考察的是介词短语辨析。due to由于，因为；except for除之外（强调整体与局部的关系）；along with和一起；regardless of不管不顾（侧重于不考虑，不关注）；句义：不管年龄，性别或教育程度，我们俱乐部向所有人开放。根据句义可知d项符合上下文语境。2.（2014江苏卷）24. tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay_.a. in placeb. in orderc. in shaped. in fashion【答案】c【解析】本题考察的是与介词in有关的短语辨析。in place有序，在适当的位置；in order井井有条；in shape健康的，状态良好的；in fashion流行的，时尚的；句意：为了保持健康，每天早晨tom总去慢跑，也经常做引体向上。根据句意可知tom锻炼的目的是为了保持健康。故c正确。3.（2014江西卷）25. starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence ._, it could just put you in debt.a. in other words b. all in all c. as a result d. on the other hand【答案】d【解析】本题考察的是介词短语辨析。a换句话说；b总得说来；c结果是；d另一方面；句义：自己做生意也许是获得经济独立的一个很好的方法，另一方面，它也可能让你负债。根据句义说明这是一件事情的两个方面，所以d项符合上下文串联。4.（2014江西卷）33. it is unbelievable that mr. lucas leads a simple life _his great wealth .a. without b. despite c. in d. to 【答案】b5.（2014陕西卷）14. the scottish girl _ blue eyes won the first prize in the fifth chinese speech contest.a. by b. of c. in d. with【答案】d【解析】本题中的with表示有，佩戴；其余三个介词都没有这个用法。句义：能够长着蓝眼睛的苏格拉女孩在第五届汉语演讲比赛里得到了第一名。故d正确。6.（2014天津卷）6. _ the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.a. in reply to b. in addition to c. in charge of d. in place of【答案】b【解析】本题的四个介词短语都很重要。in reply to作为的回复；in addition to除之外（包括在内）；in charge of负责；in place of代替；句义：除了学校，村子里还有诊所，诊所也是在政府的支持下建成的。也就是说学校和诊所都是政府支持建设成功的。故b正确。7.（2014浙江卷 ）10. while staying in the village, james unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything _ .a. in return b. in common c. in turn d. in place【答案】a【解析】介词短语in return作为回报，后面常常接介词for；in common与相似；in turn依次，轮流；反过来；in place恰当，在合适的地方。句意：当他住在那个村子里的时候，james无私地和村民们分享他拥有的一切，不要去得到任何回报。根据句意说明a正确。8.（2014浙江卷 ）12. facing up to your problem _ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.a. more than b. rather than c. along with d. or rather【答案】b【解析】介词短语more than超过，不仅仅，非常；rather than代替，而不是；along with和一起；or tather更准确地说；句意：面对你的问题而不是逃避是解决这些问题最好的方法。根据句意可知b项符合上下文含义。9.（2014浙江卷 ）18. theres no reason to be disappointed. _, this could be rather amusing. a. above all b. as a result c. in addition d. as a matter of fact【答案】d（2013新课标i卷）34. it was a real race _ time to get the project done. luckily, we made it. a. over b. by c. for d. against 【答案】 d 【解析】题干中的it显然是形式主语，真正主语是不定式to get the project done。句意：完成这个项目真正是在和时间赛跑。幸运的是，我们赢了。此处a race against time是固定短语，意思是“和时间赛跑”，故d正确。（2013新课标卷)11. a serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics.a. against b. before c. beyond d. without【答案】d【解析】考查介词辨析。against反对，衬托；before在.之前；beyond超过；without没有。句意“没有一些数学知识的话，一个严肃的物理研究是不可能的。”故选d。（2013浙江）14.it will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner._, ill set the table.a.as a result b. on the whole c. in the meanwhile d.as a matter of fact【答案】c【解析】句意：如果你能去超市把今天晚餐所需要的买回来将会帮我很大的忙，同时我来摆桌子。a 结果 总的来说与此同时 实际上（2013北京卷)26. i have an appointment dr. smith, but i need to change it.a. tob. offc. withd. from【答案】c【解析】have an appointment with sb是固定词组，意为和某人有一个约会/约定。句意为，我和史密斯医生有个预约（约定),但是我需要改个时间。（2013福建卷)29.mrs. smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always _ whenever she tries to.a. in the way b. on watchc. in sightd. on the line【答案】a【解析】考查介词短语：a妨碍，b值班c在视野之内d冒极大的危险，根据句意：斯密斯太太发现很难打扫家里的混乱，因为每当她想这么做孩子们就会很碍事。所以选a。（2013湖北卷)30. an artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered _ a long lost antique greek vase.a. at random b. by chance c. in turn d. on occasion【答案】b（2013江苏卷)26. i am always delighted when i receive an e-mail from you. _ the party on july 1st, i shall be pleased to attend.a. on account of b. in response to c. in view ofd. with regard to【答案】d【解析】句意：收到你的邮件我总是很高兴。至于七月一日的晚会我会很高兴参加。“on account of”因为；“in response to”对-的回应；“in view of”鉴于，考虑到；“with regard to”关于，至于。（2013山东卷)34. the smiths are praised _ the way they bring up their children. a. from b. by c. at d. for 【答案】d【解析】句意为：史密斯夫妇因为他们养育孩子的方式而受到称赞。短语be praised for.“因.而受到称赞”。（2013辽宁卷)25. everyone here，i wish you a pleasant journey back to your journey.a.by means of b.on behalf of c.in search of d.for fear of 【答案】a.（2013安徽卷)22. before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library a book about it.a. on b. at c. for d. to【答案】c【解析】on在上面, 通过某种媒介;at在一点;for为了;to到, 向. 句意:在你去一个有趣的地方游玩之前, 去你们当地的图书馆找一本关于它的书看看. 本句中需注意in your local library是插入语, 作地点状语, 故选c, look for寻找.【高考押题】 1when asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster，many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men.ain terms of bin need ofcin favor of din praise of答案：c。本题考查短语介词。句意：当被问起对于校长的看法时，许多老师更愿意校长给年轻点儿的让位。in favor of 意为：支持，有利于。同step aside搭配起来意为：给 让位。2shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read _ the library.ain bforcby dfrom答案：d。本题考查介词的用法。句意：shirley，一个图书爱好者，经常从图书馆往家带书看。bring sth.from some place从某个地方带，符合题意。3 nick, its good for you to read some books _ china before you start your trip there.ain bforcof don答案：d。本题考查介词。句意：尼克，在你启程去那里之前，读一读关于中国的书比较好。on china意思是：关于中国方面的，即，书的内容是介绍中国情况的。而 of china则可能是来自中国的，或中国出版的等。4. im sorry i didnt phone you, but ive been very busy_ the past couple of weeks.a. beyondb. withc. among d. over答案：d。本题考查介词的用法。句意：对不起，我没给你打电话，但是在过去的几周里我一直很忙。beyond“超过，超出，在(向)的那一边”；with“与，和，具有”；among“在之间”；over在此表示“在期间，经过(一段)时间”。5wed better discuss everything_before we work out the plan.ain detail bin general con purpose don time6he was a good student and scored_average in most subjects.abelow bofcon dabove答案：d。本题考查介词短语的搭配。below average “在平均水平以下”；on average “平均来说”；above average“在平均水平以上”。由he was a good student.可知d项正确。句意：他是一个好学生，大部分科目得分都在平均水平以上。7 _good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional fujian dishes.afar from bapart fromcinstead of dregardless of答案：b。本题考查介词短语。句意：除了好的服务外，这家餐馆还提供不同种类的传统福建美食。far from“离远，远非”；apart from“除之外(还)”；instead of“代替，而不是”；regardless of“不管”。由句意可知b项正确。8sometimes proper answers are not far to seek_ food safety problems.a. in b. to c. on d. after答案：b。考查介词用法。句意：有时，关于食品安全问题的答案不难找到。介词短语to food safety problems修饰answers。answer常与介词to搭配，意为“的答案”。9. with new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken _ color.a. by b. for c. with d. in答案：d。本题考查介词。句意：有了新技术，水下山谷的图片可以从颜色方面被拍摄。by“经由，通过”；for“为了，对于”；with“随着，带有”；in“在方面”。10we give dogs time，space and love we can spare，and _，dogs give us their all.ain all bin factcin short din return答案：d。考查介词短语。句意：我们抽出时间、空间和爱给予狗，而狗回报给我们的则是它们的全部。in all“总共”；in fact“实际上”；in short“简而言之”；in return“作为报答”。11nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name，not case number.aof bascby dwith12it is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money _ favors to them.ain preference to bin place ofcin agreement with din exchange for答案：d。考查介词短语。句中favors是指官员为他人做的事情，them指people。句意：对于一个公务员来说，为人们做点好事就向人们要钱要物是不合法的。a项in preference to是“优先于”的意思；b项in place of是“代替”的意思；c项in agreement with是“与一致”的意思；d项in exchange for是“交换”的意思。显然，d项符合题意。13my fath