虚拟语气 公开课 精品课件 全ppt.ppt

Welcometoourclass Thesubjunctivemood虚拟语气Part1 Learninggoals 1 Knowwhatthesubjunctivemoodrefersto2 Knowthedifferentformsofthesubjunctivemood3 Masterthestructureofthesubjunctivemoodabout if 4 Dosomeexercisesaboutthe3thaim 语气 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气 陈述语气 祈使语气和虚拟语气 不同的语气用动词的不同形式 有的还借助句法形式 来表示 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式 一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实 而是一种假设 猜测 怀疑等 常用在条件状语从句中或让步状语从句中 一是表示说话人的愿望 要求 命令 建议等 常用在名词性从句中 简言之 即 不是事实或不大可能发生的事情 就用虚拟语气来表述 虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气的常考形式 If引导的条件句 a if真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的 采用陈述语气 b if虚拟条件句表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的 采用虚拟语气 Ifwehavechances wecanhavefurthercooperation IfIhaveanotherchance IwillvisitChinaagain if真实条件句用于陈述语气 假设的情况很有可能发生 其中if是 如果 的意思 if条件从句一般现在时 主句will shall 动词原形情态动词 动词原形 Whatwillyoudoifitrainstomorrow Iwillsleepathomeifitrainstomorrow if虚拟条件句表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的 采用虚拟语气 if引导的虚拟条件句 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实可能相反 IfIhadagreatdealofmoney Iwouldbuyavilla 别墅 formyparents 与现在事实相反 IfIweretheschoolmasterofGaochengNo 1Middleschool Iwouldletthestudentsgetupalittlelatertogetabettersleep 与现在事实相反 if虚拟条件句 If 主语 动词的过去式 be动词一般用were 主语 would should might could 动词原形 1 IfIhadagreatdealofmoney Iwouldbuyavilla 别墅 formyparents 2 IfIweretheschoolmasterofGaochengNo 1Middleschool Iwouldletthestudentsgetupalittlelatertogetabettersleep 即 If 一般过去时态 be动词一般用were IfYaoJiaxinhaddrivenmorecarefully hewouldnothavecausedthecaraccidentinMay 2009 与过去事实相反 IfTomhadlearnthowtoswim hewouldnothavebeentrappedonthatislandforfouryears 与过去事实相反 Ifhehadgotupearlier hecouldhavecaughtthetrain 与过去事实相反 if虚拟条件句 If 主语 had 动词的过去分词 1 IfYaoJiaxinhaddrivenmorecarefully hewouldnothavecausedthecaraccidentinMay 2009 IfTomhadlearnthowtoswim hewouldnothavebeentrappedonthatislandforfouryears 3 Ifhehadgotupearlier hecouldhavecaughtthetrain 即 If 过去完成时态 主语 would should might could havedone IfImetObamasomeday Iwouldshakehandswithhim IfIweretomeetObamasomeday IfIshouldmeetObamasomeday 与将来事实相反 if虚拟条件句 1 If 主语 动词过去式2 If 主语 wereto 动词原形3 If 主语 should 动词原形 主语 would should might could 动词原形 IfImet weretomeet shouldmeetObamasomeday Iwouldshakehandswithhim 总结 if虚拟条件句 1 If 主语 动词过去式2 If 主语 wereto 动词原形3 If 主语 should 动词原形 If 主语 动词的过去式 be动词一般用were 主语 would should might could 动词原形 即 If 一般过去时态 be动词一般用were If 主语 had 动词的过去分词 即 If 过去完成时态 主语 would should might could havedone 主语 would should might could 动词原形 4 1 注意以下问题 1 错综时间虚拟条件句2 if省略 倒装虚拟条件句3 含蓄条件句 1 错综时间条件句 1 If 主语 动词过去式2 If 主语 wereto 动词原形3 If 主语 should 动词原形 If 主语 动词的过去式 be动词一般用were 主语 would should might could 动词原形 即 If 一般过去时态 be动词一般用were If 主语 had 动词的过去分词 即 If 过去完成时态 主语 would should might could havedone 主语 would should might could 动词原形 错综时间条件句 错综时间条件句 4 1 1 错综时间虚拟条件句即 if虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致 1 Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow 如果你当时听了我的话 现在就能完成这份工作了 从句说明过去 主句说明现在 2 IfIwereyou Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty 如果我是你 我就去参加她的生日晚会了 从句说明现在 主句说明过去 3 Ifyouhadn tlentmesomemoney Icouldn thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow 假若你不借钱给我 我不可能买下这幢新房 很可能现在还住在危房里 从句说明过去 主句说明过去和现在 2 在虚拟条件句中 如果条件句中有were had 助动词 或should时 可使用倒装结构 但if必须省略 若条件从句为否定句 否定词not应置于主语之后 而不能与were should had等缩略成weren t shouldn t hadn t置于句首 1 HadIseenhimthen Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy IfIhadseenhimthen Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy 2 ShouldIhavetime Iwouldgowithyou IfIshouldhavetime Iwouldgowithyou 3 WereInotsobusy Iwouldgowithyou IfIwerenotsobusy Iwouldgowithyou 2 if省略 倒装虚拟条件句补充例句 要不是 固定句式 Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp wecouldn thavefinishedtheworkyesterday Haditnotbeenfor Ifitwerenotforlackingmoney Iwouldgotravellingrightnow Wereitnotforlackingmoney 与过去事实相反 与现在事实相反 Butfor 要不是 1 Iwasillthatday Otherwise Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet 副词 2 Hetelephonedtotellmeofyourbirthday or otherwiseIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit 连词 直陈语气 虚拟语气 直陈语气 虚拟语气 3 含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要 在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句 而通过其他手段来代替条件句 含蓄条件句 4 Everythingtakenintoconsideration theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly 独立主格 Ifeverythinghadbeentakeninto 了解即可 consideration 3 Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp butIwastoobusy 连词 直陈语气 虚拟语气 5 用介词短语代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with without butfor等 如 Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars Wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp Butfortherain wewouldhavefinishedthework Ifyouhadamilliondollars whatwouldyoudo Ifwehadn tgotyourhelp Ifyouhadn thelpedus Ifithadn tbeenfortherain 虚拟语气 虚拟语气 虚拟语气 1 Ifmyfather herenow he tellmewhattodo were wouldwas willhadbeen wouldis will Exercise A 2 Ifhe myadvice hewouldn thavelosthisjob followedB shouldfollowC hadfollowedD wouldfollow Exercise C 3 IfI inthe22ndcentury I myvacationinaverydifferentway shouldlive wouldspendwilllive shouldspendareliving shouldhavespentwillbeliving wouldhavespent A 4 itraintomorrow wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge A WereB ShouldC WouldD Will Exercise tomorrow B 5 ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher I thefirstprizeintheEnglishwritingcompetition A wouldnotwinB wouldnothavewonC wouldwinD wouldhavewon Exercise B 6 IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955 thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry soserious A wouldn tbeB willnothavebeenC wouldn thavebeenD wouldhavenotbeen Exercise now in1955 A 7 Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry Yes Ifithadrainedevenadrop thingswouldbemuchbetternow Andmyvegetables A wouldn tdieB didn tdieC hadn tdiedD wouldn thavedied Exercise D hadrained now 8 They twofreeticketstoCanada otherwisethey dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo hadgotB gotC havegotD get Exercise B otherwise 9 Whydidn tyoubuytheflat I butIdidn thavethemoney wouldhaveB boughtC wouldliketoD hadbought Exercise A but Thesubjunctivemood虚拟语气Part2 Learninggoals 1 Knowthedifferentformsofthesubjunctivemood2 Masterthestructuresofthedifferentformsofthesubjunctivemood3 Dosomeexercisesaboutthegrammar 虚拟语气的常考形式 If引导的条件句 a if真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的 采用陈述语气 b if虚拟条件句表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的 采用虚拟语气 2020 3 17 47 可编辑 总结 if虚拟条件句 1 If 主语 动词过去式2 If 主语 wereto 动词原形3 If 主语 should 动词原形 If 主语 动词的过去式 be动词一般用were 主语 would should might could 动词原形 即 If 一般过去时态 be动词一般用were If 主语 had 动词的过去分词 即 If 过去完成时态 主语 would should might could havedone 主语 would should might could 动词原形 4 1 注意以下问题 1 错综时间虚拟条件句2 if省略 倒装虚拟条件句3 含蓄条件句 shoulddo shoulddo shoulddo 二 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 二 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 一 坚持 insist 二 命令 order command 四 建议 advise suggest propose recommend 五 要求 ask demand require request desire that sb should do 或是 that sb sth should bedone 宾语从句 我们建议Tom去休息一下 他坚持要我与他同行 他们要求派Tom去那儿工作 老师要求作业要及时完成 Wesuggested Heinsisted Theyrequested that Tom that Tomhavearest that I should gowithhim should besenttoworkthere Theteacherasked that ourhomework should befinishedintime 2 这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用shoulddoItissuggestedthatwe should practisereadingEnglisheveryday Thesuggestiongivenbyourteacheristhatwe should practisereadingEnglisheveryday Theteachergiveusasuggestionthatwe should practisereadingEnglisheveryday 2 这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用shoulddoItisordered commanded suggested advised requested required demanded that should doThe One sinsistence order command suggestion advice proposal recommendation request requirement demand desireis wasthat should doa thesuggestion request 等 that should do 主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 It ssuggestedthattheplan should becarriedoutatonce Theoldwoman sdemandisthatherson should cometoseeheronceaweek Weareinfavoroftheadvicethatthefactory should becloseddown 3 wish的宾语从句 1 wish的宾语从句 与现在事实相反 一般过去时 be用were 与过去事实相反 过去完成时与将来事实相反 would could V 原should IwishI be astallasYaoMing were Iwish wishedI havenot eatensomuchwatermelon hadn t Iwishit will raintomorrow Ifso Icanstayathometohaveagoodsleep would Hewisheshe become ascientistsomeday could wouldbecome 三 虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式 1 wouldrather 宁愿 但愿 sbdid 与现在或将来情况相反 sbhaddone 与过去情况相反 Iwouldratheryoureturnedmemymoneynow Iwouldratherwehadn ttoldherthebadnews Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow 2 asif asthough 思考 asif asthough后面的句子是主句还是从句 Hebehavesasifhe own thehouse owned 1 从句的动作与主句动作同时发生 可以理解成与现在事实相反 Hebehavesasifhe be theownerofthehouse were ShetalkedaboutRomeasthoughshe be thereherself hadbeen 2 从句的动作发生在主句动作之前 可以理解成与过去事实相反 Hecoughed 咳嗽 twiceasifsomeonewouldcome 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了 3 从句的动作发生在主句动作之后 可以理解成与将来事实相反 总结 asif asthough 与现在事实相反 一般过去时 be用were 与过去事实相反 过去完成时与将来事实相反 would could V 原 了解 should 与wish的宾语从句相似 3 Itis high about time that 是时候 做某事 注意 should不能省略 sbdid sbshoulddo 是时候采取措施来保护环境了 Itis high about timethatwetook shouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment 你该走了 It s high about timethatyouwent shouldgo 4 在表达惊异 惋惜 遗憾 理应如此等意义的固定句式中常使用虚拟语气It snecessary strange natural 自然的 理应如此的 important thatsb should do 1 Itisimportantthatwe master aforeignlanguage 2 真奇怪 她竟然拒绝来参加party It s thatshe tocometotheparty 3 鸟在树上安歇 休息是很自然的 Itis thatabird intrees should master should refuse strange natural should rest 5 Ifonly 要是 就好了 Ifonly 与现在事实相反 一般过去时 be用were 与过去事实相反 过去完成时 Ifonlyitstoppedrainingnow Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice 总结 wish wouldrather asif asthough ifonly表虚拟时的共同点是 时态往后退一步 同if虚拟条件句 四 情态动词表示虚拟 1 本想 打算做某事却没做2 本应该做某事却没做3 本不该做某事却做了4 本能够做某事却没做5 宁愿过去做了某事却没做6 最好过去做了某事却没做7 本不必做某事却做了 wouldhavedoneshould oughttohavedoneshouldn t oughtn ttohavedonecouldhavedonewouldratherhavedonehadbetterhavedoneneedn thavedone musthavedonemighthavedonecan t couldn thavedone 过去肯定发生了 过去可能发生了 过去不可能发生 1 insist suggest2 asif though3 if 五 可用可不用虚拟语气的情况 insist suggest各有两种意思 用不同的语气insist 坚决 持要求 用虚拟语气 即shoulddo insist 坚持认为 坚持说 用陈述语气suggest 建议 用虚拟语气 即shoulddo suggest 表明 暗示 用陈述语气 1 Theteachersuggestedthatwe practise moreafterclass 2 Herpalefacesuggeststhatshe be illtoday 3 Heinsistedthatallofus get thereontimebyanymeans 4 Heinsistedthathe notsteal thediamond andthatheshouldbesetfree 他坚持说他没偷钻石 应该立刻被释放 should practise is should get hadn tstolen asif asthoughWhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifitwerebroken Thedarkcloudsaregathering Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain If引导的条件句 a if真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的 采用陈述语气 b if虚拟条件句表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的 采用虚拟语气 Exercise 判断是否虚拟 2 判断虚拟类型 3 判断虚拟时间 Pass 虚拟语气应试对策 Iadvisedthatyou thej