英国文学之托马斯哈代——德伯家的苔丝 Thomas Hardy and Tess of the D’Urbervilles(LVIII) 1.ppt

I TOPIC ThomasHardyandTessoftheD Urbervilles LVIII II OBJECTIVES A IntroductiontoThomasHardy 1840 1928 B MajorworksandtheirspecialfeaturesC StudyofTessoftheD Urbervilles LVIII 1 Themainplotsofthenovel2 Themesofthenovel3 ThecauseofthetragedyofTess 4 TheimageofTess5 UnderstandingoftheexcerptE Assignment Topic1 IntroductiontoThomasHardy 1 ThomasHardyisagreatpainterofnature Inhishand natureassumestheformoflifeandbecomesamostpowerful forbiddingforcewithitsownlifeandwill 2 Hardyisregardedasatransitional过渡期的writernotonlybecausehelivedattheturnofthecentury butmoreimportantlybecausethereistheinfluenceonhimfromboththepastandthemodern 3 IntheVictorianperiod ThomasHardy thatWessex威塞克斯man notonlycontinuedtoexposeandcriticizeallsortsofsocialiniquities邪恶 butfinallycametoquestionandattacktheVictorianconventions协议 习俗 国会andmorals 4 ThomasHardy snovelsareallVictorianindate MostofthemaresetinWessex thefictionalprimitive虚构的原始andcrude天然的rural农村的regionwhichisreallythehomeplacehebothlovesandhates 5 Hardy spessimisticviewoflifepredominates在 中占优势mostofhisworksandearnsareputationasanaturalistic自然主义的writer InThomasHardy snovels theoutsidenature thenaturalenvironmentorNatureherself isshownassomemysterioussupernaturalforce神秘的超自然力量 verypowerfulbuthalf blind impulsive任性的anduncaringtotheindividual swill hope passion激情 热情 爱好orsuffering Itlikestoplaypracticaljokesuponhumanbeingsbyproducingaseriesofmistimed不合时宜的actionsandunfortunatecoincidences Manprovesimpotent无力的 虚弱的beforeFate howeverhetries andheseldomescapeshisordained判定destiny 6 InthenovelTessoftheD Urbervilles theheroineTessisseduced诱奸byasquire地主 乡绅namedAlecbeforeshemarriestheclergyman s牧师的 教士的sonnamedAngel 7 InthenovelTessoftheD Urbervilles naturalistictendencyisalsostrong Inaway Tessseemstobeledtoherfinaldestruction破坏 毁灭stepbystepbyfate InhisPrefacetothenovelhequotesGlo ster sspeechtoKingLear Asfliestowantonboysarewetothegods Theykillusfortheirsport 我们之於神明 如同苍蝇之於顽童 他们以杀我们为消遣 8 Hardyisgoodatusingthedescriptionofenvironmenttoaffectreaders Hisnovelsareascenerywithacharacter ssoul Hecanblend混合thesettingandthefeelingofcharactersverywell Majorworks 1 TheReturnoftheNative 1878 还乡 Ittellsofthefutile无效的 无用的attemptsofayoungwomantoescapethedull backwardrurallifeonthebig wildEgdonheathandofayoungmantoreformit Thewild powerfulEgdonheathbecomesthesymbolofprimitive原始的naturalforcesthatcontrolanddestroyman sdestiny 2 TheMayorofCasterbridge 1886 卡斯特桥市长 TheheroMichaelHenchard indrunkenness sellshiswifetoapass bysailor Whenheawakens bothhiswifeanddaughteraregone Withaguiltyheart heswearsnevertodrinkagainforthenext20years Heworkshard becomesrich andismademayorofCasterbridge 18yearslater hiswifeanddaughtercomebackbecausethesailorissupposeddead Henchardmarrieshisformerwifeagainandlivesahappylifeuntilhiswifediesandthetruthofthefatherhood父亲的身份ofhisdaughterisout Hisformerbusinesspartner whoisnowhisrival对手 竞争者inbusinessandinlove spreadsthescandal丑闻abouthissale出卖ofhiswifeandquicklyruinshisreputation Henchardtakestodrinkingagain andthenwithdrawsintotheEgdonheathanddiesthereinpovertyandloneliness 3 TessoftheD urbervilles 1891 4 JudetheObscure 1895 无名的裘德 Jude apoororphanboy hasearlycherishedthedreamofgoingtouniversityandbecomingapriest神父 牧师 Afterbeingtrappedintomarriagewithavainbutbeautifulwoman hemeetshiscousin SueBridehead Thelatterisanintelligentandenergeticyoungteacherandmarriedtoanelderlyschoolmaster Thetwofallinloveandbothbreakawayfromtheformerwedlock结婚的状态andlivetogetherforsomeyears Theynevergetmarried becausesocialmoralitydoesnotallowit Theybothlivewithaguiltyconscience良心 道德心 Thetragicdeathoftheirchildrenprovesthefinalblow最后一击 Sue inanagony极大的痛苦ofremorse懊悔andself debasement自我贬低 returnstoherformerhusband Jude takenbackbyhisformerwife takestodrinkinganddiesmiserably痛苦地 悲惨地 2 Specialfeatures 1 ThomasHardyisagreatpainterofnature Inhishand theWessexprairie大草原comestolife withitsowncolor temper mystery omen前兆 andforceofdestruction破坏 毁灭 2 Theunderlyingthemeisthestrugglebetweenmanandhisenvironment betweenaspiringhumanspiritandtheexternalinanimatenature外部无生命的本性 3 Hardytakescommonworking classpeopleasheroesandheroinesinhisnovels Hisheroesareusuallytragiconeswhoacquireself consciousnessandquestionthefundamentals基本法则ofthesociety 4 Inhisworks thestrongelementsofnaturalismarecombinedwithatendencytowardssymbolism象征主义 5 Instyle Hardyisatraditionalist传统主义者 althoughthereareobvioustraits显著的特点ofmodernisminthematic主题的matters Almostallhisworksarewellstructuredandplotted Therustic乡土风味的dialectheightensitslocalorregionalcolor Theyarealsonotedforthedetailedandpoeticdescriptionofthecharacter sinnerlife theirdesires passions andsufferings etc anditsreflection反映intheenvironment Topic3 StudyofTessoftheD Urbervilles LVIII Introductoryremarks JaneEyrerepresentsthosemiddle classworkingwomenwhoarestrugglingforrecognitionoftheirbasicrightsandequalityasahumanbeing Tessisatypicalvictimofthehypocritical伪善的 虚伪的moralityofthesociety Thenovelreveals显示Hardy spessimismbyattributing把 归于Tess tragedytochanceandfateandbyentertainingnostalgicyearning怀旧之情forpatriarchalism宗法制社会或国家inruralEngland 1 Themainplotsofthenovel Threeparts 1 HowTessleaveshomeandisseducedbyAlecandcomesbackhomeindisgrace 2 ThemainlovestoryofTessandAngel 3 Herdecline TessreturnstoAlecuntilAngelcomestoclaimher Inshameandanger shekillsAlec andisfinallyarrestedandexecuted 2 Themesofthenovel 1 Thenovelisafiercecriticismofthehypocritical伪善的 虚伪的moralityofthesocietyandthecruelandinhumanexploitationofthecapitalistswhoinvadedtheEnglishcountryanddestroyedthepeasantry农民fromtheroot 2 Thereisastrongnaturalistictendencyinthenovel FateplaysanimportantroleinTess stragedy Inaway Tessseemstobeleadtoherfinaldestructionstepbystepbyfate Coincidenceaddsone wrong toanotheruntilsheiscaughtupinadeadend 3 Theunderlyingthemeisthestrugglebetweenmanandhisenvironment betweenaspiring有志气的 有抱负的humanspiritandtheexternalinanimatenature 3 ThecauseofthetragedyofTess 1 Externalfactors 1 Socialenvironment Fromtheviewpointofsocialenvironment wecansaythattheobviouscausesofhertragedyarethehypocriticalmoralityofthebourgeoissocietyatthattimeandthecruelandinhumanexploitationofthecapitalistswhoinvadedtheEnglishcountryanddestroyedthepeasantryfromtheroot Althoughinthebourgeoissociety themoralstandardformanandwomanisdifferent Thedoublemoralstandardformanandwomanandthereligiouscontempt轻视 轻蔑ofsinmakeitinevitableforhertogotoworkonthefarmsandfallintothetraps圈套ofAlecandtheaccusations指责ofAngeluntilherremorse懊悔andherbitterness痛苦overherfateleaduptohermurder谋杀 2 Familyfactors Itisundeniablethatthesocialideology思想willalwaysaffectthemajorityofthecommunityandtheirthinkingdirectlyorindirectlyledtothetragicfateofTess ThepovertyofthefamilyforcesTesstoclaimkinship亲属关系withthesham骗子butrichD Urbervilles Alec theyoungmasteroftheD Urbervilles adandy花花公子 seducesTessandimpregnates使怀孕her Tessreturnshomeandlatergivesbirthtoababy whodiessoon People sopinionforcesTesstoleavehometoworkonadairyfarm whichprompted促使thecircumstancesofthetragedycontinuetodevelop 3 FactorsofAlecandAngel agentsofthedestructive毁灭性的forceofthesociety Alecdeprives剥夺herofhervirginity贞洁andpurity resultinginTess sphysicalharm whileAngeltakesawayherloveanddesertsherontheveryweddingnight leadingtothespiritualdevastation毁坏ofTess Helplessandhopeless Tesshastowanderfromplacetoplace doingthehardestworkandbearingthehardestinsult侮辱 Thoughtheyareapparentrivals对手 theyjointheirforcesinbringingaboutherfinaldestruction 4 Factorsoffate FateplaysanimportantroleinTess stragedy Inaway Tessseemstobeleadtoherfinaldestructionstepbystepbyfate Coincidenceaddsone wrong toanotheruntilsheiscaughtupinadeadend a Tess fatherisinadvertently无意中awarethatheisthedescendantofanancientfamilyD Urbervilles andpersuadesherdaughterTesstoclaimkindred亲戚关系withamoreprosperous兴旺的branchoftheD Urbervillefamily andTessisseducedbytheyoungmaster Alec Thisstartshertragedy b Herfather sdeathandtheexpulsion驱逐ofherfamilyfromtheircottagetransfersthewholeburdenofthefamilyonher sheisforcedgobacktoAlec c Therepentant后悔的AngelClarereturnsfromabroad Tess puttingalltheblamesofherunhappinessonAlecandfindingthatherlivingwithAlechinders阻碍herreturningtoAngel killshim Sheflees逃走 逃掉withAngelbutisspeedilyarrestedandhanged绞死 ThesecoincidencesleadstoTess stragicfate 2 Internalfactors 1 Shehappenstobebeautiful sopure soinnocent soobedient孝顺的 andsopoor andshehappenstogetinvolvedwiththetwomen theonewhotakesawayhervirginityandpurity theotherwhotakesawayherlovebutdesertsherontheveryweddingnight thoughapparentrivals jointheirforcesinbringingaboutherfinaldestruction Hersisapersonaltragedy itcanalsobeasocialone 2 Herlackofconfidenceandrespectonlyrousemuchmorecontempt轻视inAngel sheart 3 Sheherselfisconservative保守的inmorality itistheweaknessinhercharacter BeforeAngel shealwaysconsidersherselfasinnerandnotgoodenoughtobeAngel swife 4 Sheissopureandhonestthatsheconfesses承认herrelationwithAlectoAngel Obviouslyherpurityisnotwelcomedbythebourgeoissociety 4 TheimageofTess Tessisabeautiful innocent honest sweet naturedandhardworkingcountrygirlwithtraditionalideas Sheiseasilytakeninandabusedbythehypocritical伪善的 虚伪的richman Sheisatypicalvictimofthesociety Hersweet naturedmind innocence simplicity anddiligencecouldnotpreventherselffrombeingruinedinthecircumstanceofbourgeoiscity civilization Sheisvictimizedbybourgeoismoralityandsocialinjustice becauseherseemingdegeneration变性 退化 恶化istheconsequenceofnotonlyherpooreconomicconditionbutthesuppression压制aswellasexploitation剥削fromwhichshesuffersmorally physically andspiritually Sheissopurethatthereisnotanytrace追踪 追溯ofvanity虚荣inherbehavior Althoughherparentsarebenighted无知的 蒙昧的andherfamilyispoor Tessstillkeepstheworkingpeople svirtue美德 Shedetests憎恶herparents commonplacewordsanddeeds despisesnobleoriginandconsidersherselfthedaughterofavillager TheexternalactiontakesTessstepbystepintopainfulisolation隔离 whileherinternalmovementgoesfromfantasy幻想toreality Herphysicaldegradation恶化isaccompaniedwithspiritualregeneration再生 恢复 重生 5 Understandingoftheexcerpt 1 Thenightwasstrangelysolemnandstill Inthesmallhoursshe tillnow p123 Thisdescriptionofthenaturalenvironmentispoeticandbeautiful Thenightispersonifiedandiscapableofsensualitywhenaroused Thus TessandAngelbecomepartofnatureasifthenightwerealivingcharacterinthenovel whichformsahighharmoniousunitywiththeheroine sactandherinnermind HardycombinesthescenewiththefeelingsofTessatthatmomenttoforeseesomethingterriblethatwillhappen 2 Allistroubleoutsidethere insideherecontent p124 thecloudsseemedtosettlealmostontheirheads andthenightgrewasdarkasacave p125 Allaroundwasopenlonelinessandblacksolitude overwhichastiffbreezeblew p126 Theoutsidenaturalenvironmentissymbolicofterribleomen 3 Astreamofmorninglight nearhischeek p125 Thisdescriptionisendowedwithapoeticlanguagetoconveythecombinationofnatureandhumanbeauty 4 Helistened Thewind playingupontheedifice producedaboomingtune likethenoteofsomegigant