莱茵河的治理-从露天下水道到生命之河.ppt

TheRhine fromanOpenSewertoaLivingRiverhowtodevelopariverbasinmanagementplanatriverRhinelevel InternationalCommissionfortheProtectionoftheRhine 莱茵河的治理从露天下水道到生命之河 TheRhine aEuropeanriver 3 Basle Rotterdam Meanannualdischarge D NL 2 200m sHQlow 1000m sHQextrem env 10 000m s length 1233kmnavigable 825km Basle Rotterdam Drinkingwater est 30millionsofconsumers inhabitants 58millions Strasbourg Cologne Luxembourg Frankfurt 4 TheRhineriverbasin 9statesItalyAustriaLiechtensteinSwitzerlandFranceGermanyBelgiumLuxembourgNetherlands 196yearsofriperiancooperationattheGerman Luxembourgborder treatyof16 6 1816 3sharedriversinacondominiumtwoautoritiesGermanyandLuxembourg Changesduringthecenturies 1838 1872 1980 InternationalRhineCommission Rulesofcooperation De centralisedorganizationNationaldelegationspoliticalmandatetechnicalknowhowfundsConsensusDecisionsarerecommendationsObligationtoreportontheimplementationofmeasuresPoliticaltrust nosanctionsNeutralSecretariat RhineConventionRulesofprocedureandfinancialregulations WhatmakestheICPReffective OrganisationalStructure 1950 Foundation 1963 TreatyofBerne 1972 1stRhineMinisters Conference Landmarks Managementbydisaster 1 1986 FireatSandoz CH causingthedeathofallaquaticlifedownstream e g eelson400km 10 30tonsofhighlytoxicpesticidesflowedintotheriver WaterqualityhasconsiderablyimprovedAccidentshavebeenconsiderablyreducedTheRhinefaunahasrecovered Duration 1987 2000TheSalmonassymbolReductionofdischargeswith50 70 intheperiodtill1995 RhineActionProgramme 1987 Managementbydisaster 2 Dec 1993and Jan Feb 1995 MajorfloodinginGermanyandtheNetherlands 1995 200 000peopleevacuated EcosystemimprovementFloodpreventionWaterqualityimprovementGroundwaterprotection Duration 2000 2020 Programme Rhine2020 Objectives RestorationofmainstreamasbackboneoftheRhinesystemImprovementofhabitatforfloraandfauna ExamplesofMeasures Rhine2020 Ecosystemimprovement Rhine2020 Floodprevention Results 1 Reductionofpointsourceinputsbetween1985 2000 60substances Results 2 2020 3 17 19 可编辑 Annualloadsofsubstancesatthegerman dutchborder Results 3 Results 4 Results 5 Reductionofdamagerisks and dependingspecificsituation Reductionofwaterlevels upto30cm atOberrhein lessatotherstretches Floodriskmaps forthemainstreamandpartlyfortributaries e g Moselle Saar Floodforecasting 100 increaseofforecastingperiod beitwithlossofreliability Floodprevention progressreport2006 SalmonsreturningtotheRhine Butstillalottodo Butstillalottodo 25 Nationalandregionalstates competentauthoritiesforwatermanagement EUmembers 7 Italy Austria France Germany Luxembourg Belgium NetherlandsOthers 2 Liechtenstein Switzerland Germany 8Germanstates WFD levelsA BforRBMP 9internationalworkingareas Crossingborderscountriesand or german states TheMoselle Saarsub basin RespectforresponsibilityofmemberstatestowardsEuropeanCommissionCoordinationofwatermanagementissuesattheappropriatelevelriverbasinworkingarea e g Moselle Sarre national stateCarefulselectionoftheappropriatelevelinadvance specialattentionforupstream downstreamrelations WFDcoordinationinRhineriverbasindistrict WFDcoordinationinRhineriverbasindistrict RivercontinuityanddevelopmentofhabitatsReductionofdiffusepollutionFurtherreductionofpointsourcesofpollutionBettermatchingvariousfunctionsofrivers shipping ecology drinkingwatersuppy floodprotection etc IssuestobecoordinatedatA level RivercontinuityanddevelopmentofhabitatsReductionofdiffusepollutionFurtherreductionofpointsourcesofpollutionBettermatchingvariousfunctionsofrivers shipping ecology drinkingwatersupply floodprotection etc ResultatA level internationalRBMPRhine Masterplanforlong distancemigratingfishspecies salmon eeletc inwholeriverbasinMainelementsofmasterplanininternationalriverbasinmanagementplan A level Agreementonmeasuresinmostnations states ImplementationisEU obligation RBMPatA level Rivercontinuity Agreementonreductionofnutrientstoprotectlakesandcoastalwaters20 reductionexpectedfromongoingmeasures monitoringandstudiestoseeifmoreisneeded NewEnvironmentalQualityStandardsderived Directive2008 105 CEandRhinesubstances NotimplementedinallcountriesPesticidesdifficult muchdependonEUpolicy RBMPatA level diffusepollutionreduction traditionalsubstances nomajorproblems highlevelofwastewatertreatment Newsubstances emergingpollutants becomeaproblem e g humanandveterinarymedicinesandrelatedproducts Internationalworkinggroupactivecombiningdatafromallcountries PGMIKRO MeasuresinnextRiverBasinManagementplans 2015and2021 RBMPatA level reductionofpointsources Ongoingprocess notmanyco