语法填空专项训练---非谓语动词.doc

语法填空专项训练-非谓语动词非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有1道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。首先，我们回顾一下非谓语动词的语法功能(在句中充当何种成分)：主语宾语表语定语状语宾补动名词不定式分词现在，我们简要回顾其主要考点：考点1：作主语 表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用-ing；表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用to do 。考点2：作表语(1) 动名词和不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容。(2)分词作表语则说明主语的性质，像puzzling, surprising, exciting等-ing分词表示“令人的(事物)”；像puzzled, surprised, excited等-ed分词表示“(人)感到的”。 考点3：作宾语(1)有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。如refuse, expect, promise, decide, offer, pretend等。(类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上)(2)有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。如：keep, allow, finish, enjoy, mind, practice, avoid, admit, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape, suggest等。(类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上)(3) 在表示“需要”的need, want和require等后用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定式的被动式。 (4)在forget, remember, regret, mean, try等动词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差别较大。(5)在介词之后用动名词作宾语。注意to是介词的短语，如be /get used to, be accustomed to(习惯于), contribute to , devote oneself to /be devoted to, get down to, look forward to等。(6)含介词的固定句式：prevent /stop /keep sb. /sth. from doing 阻止做spend /waste time or money in doing 在做方面花费/浪费时间或金钱have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在做方面有些困难have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艰难there is no sense in doing做是没有理由/道理的(7)介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示“除外”的介词but和except后，有时可接不定式；当前面有行为动词do时，不定式不带to；前面没有行为动词do时，要带to。考点4：作宾补当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程)或-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态)；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用-ed形式。请注意复习以下6点：(1)在ask, invite, encourage, advise, forbid, remind等动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。(2)在help后作宾补的不定式带不带to均可。(3)在make, let, have等使役动词和feel, smell, hear, see, watch等感官动词后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。(4)在with的宾语后，若用-ed形式，表示宾语与-ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；若用-ing形式，表示宾语与-ing形式在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作持续进行。(5)get sb. to do sth. =have sb. do sth.使某人做某事(主动、将来); get/havedoing使处于某一状态中(主动、持续); getdone=have sth. done请人做/遭受(被动)。(6) make oneself 后常用understood, heard, seen, known等作宾补，表示让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。考点6：作定语(1)动词不定式作定语：常放在所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词，表示“有要”；或修饰“the+序数词”。(2)分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是主动关系，用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。考点7：特殊句式Why not do sth.? =Why dont you do sth.?何不做某事呢？had better (not) do sth.最好(不)做某事would rather (not) do sth.宁愿(不)做某事would do A rather than do B = would rather do A than do B = prefer to do A rather than do B = prefer doing A to doing B 宁做A事不做B事考点8：独立结构(1) -ing形式的独立成分：judging by /from(根据判断), generally speaking(一般说来)，strictly speaking(严格说来), frankly speaking(坦率地说)等。(2)不定式的独立结构：to tell you the truth(和你说实话吧), to make things worse(情况更糟的是)等。(3)用作介词或连词的considering(考虑到，就而言)和given(考虑到)后接名词或that从句。解题技巧解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式。另外，在确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式，用to do还是用to be done时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。那么，如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语？这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表：充当句子成分宾语 表语状语定语宾补逻辑主语句子的主语所修饰的词句子的宾语例1the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. (2008年广东)分析：因句中已有谓语is based，而“plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”是the proverb的同位语，是一个名词短语而非同位语从句，因此，help应是非谓语动词；“帮助禾苗长”是“将禾苗拨起来”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填to help。例2While she was getting me _34_ (settle) into a tiny but clean room(2007年广东)分析：因句中已有谓语was getting，所以settle应是非谓语动词；又由settle sb. into/in/on(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，故填settled。一、单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. _ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全国)2. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use _(argue) with him. (上海)3. Please remain _(seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (辽宁)4. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _(smoke) here. (江苏)5. It is difficult to imagine his _(accept) the decision without any consideration. (陕西)6. I cant stand _(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _(stop) talking while she works. (北京)7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _ (repair). (陕西)8. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ (live) alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. (湖南)9. Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _(not take) his advice! (安徽)10. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ (get) her permission for things, think again. (湖南)11. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _(open and close) could be heard outside the classroom. (全国)12. They are quiet, arent they? Yes. They are accustomed to _ (not talk) at meals. (江苏)13. Isnt it time you got down to _(mark) the papers? (重庆)14. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ (set) up some schools for poor children. (上海)15. She looks forward every spring to _ (walk) in the flower-lined garden. (上海)16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ (pass) the exam. (福建)17. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week _ (watch) TV. (上海)18. I believe thats the best way to prevent such a thing from _ (happen) again. (全国)19. Did you have trouble in_ (find) the post office? (全国)20. Sandy could do nothing but _ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. (上海)21. I smell something _ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (全国)22. Dont leave the water _ (run) while you brush your teeth. (天津)23. It was so cold that they kept the fire _ (burn) all night. (全国)24. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ (carry) out the next year. (全国)25. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ (speak) as much as we can. (江苏)26. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _(interest) in his lectures. (江苏)27. Energy drinks are not allowed _(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (上海) 28. My advisor encouraged me _(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京) 29. My parents have always made me _(feel) good about myself, even when I was twelve. (江苏)30. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ (grow) up from childhood. (全国)31. The mother felt herself _ (grow) cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (上海)32. Paul doesnt have to be made _ (learn). He always works hard. (全国)33. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ (fill) my mind, I almost break down. (福建)34. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ (finish), he gladly accepted it. (安徽)35. With a lot of difficult problems _ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (上海)36. The director had her assistant _(pick) up some hot dogs for the meeting. (全国)37. Did Peter fix the computer himself? He had it _(fix), because he doesnt know much about computers. (安徽)38. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ (improve) in a short period. (福建)39. Helen had to shout to make herself _ (hear) above the sound of the music. (广西)40. Peter received a letter just now _(say) his grandma would come to see him soon. (四川)41. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _ (move), and asked myself what I was going to do. (湖南)42. _(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. (安徽)43. _ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (福建)44. _ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (福建)45. He hurried to the booking office only _ (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out. (陕西)46. European football is played in 80 countries, _ (make) it the most popular sport in the world. (全国)47. You were silly not _(lock) your car. (湖南)48. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _(breathe). (宁夏)49. _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (湖南)50. When _ (ask) why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. (江西)51. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _(water) every day. (四川)52. When _(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (浙江)53. The last one _(arrive) pays the meal. Agree! (全国)54. The trees _(blow) in the storm have been moved off the road. (湖南)55. Can those _ (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me? (福建)56. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ (form) in your mind instead of before your eyes. (广西)57. Its a long time since I saw my sister. (全国)Why not _(visit) her this weekend?58. _ (search) the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (湖南)59. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _(finish