小学语法英语竞赛补充.doc

一般过去时一. 意义:表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态.一般过去的规则变化形式：1直接加ed：work worked looklooked ，2以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加d：live lived hopehoped useused,3 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed：study studied carrycarried worryworried,4以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed：enjoy enjoyed playplayed5 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed：stop stopped planplanned不规则变化的动词过去式：have-had are-were get-got say-said feel-felt do/does-did is-was go-wentdrink-drank eat-ate bring-brought think-thought buy-bought catch- caught teach - taught sit-sat wear-wore cut-cut sweep-swept sleepslept become-became二.构成及变化1. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt)are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent)带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化：肯定句 ： 主语 + 动词的过去式 .I watched a film last Sunday .否定句 ： 主语+ didnt + 动词原形.I didnt watch a film last Sunday .一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ?Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didnt .特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 以did 开头的一般疑问句 ?What did you do last Sunday ?三、时间标志：Ago（two hours ago（一段时间+ago），yesterday（句首或结尾），the day before yesterday, last week, last(year,night,month)，具体时间（如Jan.fourth),just now, at the age of, one day, long ago, once upon a time, this morning. long long ago（很久以前）the other day（前几天）。一般过去时的练习II.选择填空( ) 1. She watered the flowers _. A tomorrow B sometimes C yesterday morning ( ) 2.What _ Mike do last weekend ? A do B does C did( ) 3. I _ my room last Sunday. A cleaned B clean C am cleaning( ) 4. I often help my mother _ housework. A does B did C do ( ) 5. _ you _ TV last night . A Do, watch B Did, watch C Did, watched( ) 6.-Did your father write an e-mail yesterday ？ A Yes, he did. B Yes, he does C No, he dont( ) 7.They _ on a trip in February ,2007. A are going B going C went( ) 8.Were going to _ mountains tomorrow . A climb B climbed C climbing( ) 9. _ he _ football two days ago? A Does , play B Did , played C Did , play( ) 10.-Good afternoon, Miss Lee. How does Mike feel? -Hes tired . He _ a lot of work _ . A does , this morning B do , this morning C did , this morning一般将来时一.意义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。二. 构成及变化：一般将来时常用的两种结构be going to+动词原形 : 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。shall/will+动词原形 : 表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有太多的计划性, 还用来表示意愿1. be going to +动词原形1.肯定句 主语+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形+其它成份My sister is going to learn English next year. 我姐姐准备明年学英语。2.否定句 主语+be(am / is / are)not going to +动词原形 +其它成份I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看电影。3.一般疑问句 Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份?Is your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isnt.你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?不。4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句 ?Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春节你打算在哪过?5.注意: be going to 结构后面习惯上不跟 go ， come 等表位移的动词，一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如: Hes going to New York next week.下周他要去纽约.2.will /shall +动词原形(在书面语中，主语是第一人称时，常用shall ,在口语中，所有人称都可以用will)1.肯定句 主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份I (shall) write to him next week. 下周我将给他写信。2.否定句 主语 + will /shall+ not + 动词原形 +其它成份They wont watch TV this evening.今天晚上他们不看电视。3.一般疑问句 will/shall+主语 +动词原形+其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ? 明天你和我们呆在家里好吗?4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(Wh-) +一般疑问句When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么时侯回来?三、附 :Shall I /we 常用来征求对方意见，而问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的邀请，常用Will you?他们的回答比较灵活。1.Shall we go to the park ?肯定Sure , lets go .否定 No , lets go to the cinema.2.Will you please come to my birthday party next week ?肯定Yes, I will. / Sure .否定 Im sorry. Im afraid I cant.四、时间标志：tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening一般将来时专项练习一、选择填空( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month.A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be( ) 5. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be( ) 6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 8. Where is the morning paper? I _ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get( ) 9. _ a concert（音乐会） next Saturday?A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 10. If they come, we _ a meeting.A. have B. will have C. had D. would have形容词、副词比较级和最高级比较级、最高级构成方式：Aadj / adv + er / est poorpoorerpoorest fastfasterfastestB词尾e + r / st largelargerlargest finefinerfinestC重读闭音节中短元音 + 辅音词尾双写辅音词尾 + er / est. bigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottestD辅音 + yi + er / est drydrierdriest angryangrierangriestE多音节形容词及副词： more + adj / adv most + adj / advF不规则变化： good / wellbetterbest bad / illworseworst many / muchmoremost littlelessleast latelater / latest latelatterlast farfartherfarthest farfurtherfurthest比较级用于二者相比较，由than构成比较状语从句：（1） He looks stronger than I (do). The climate of Shanghai is hotter than that of Beijing. My Schoolbag is larger than hers.The book is much more interesting than that one.笔记要点：两个相比较的主语必须相对应。（2） It is getting colder and colder.She is becoming more and more beautiful笔记要点：两个形容词比较级由 and连在一起，表示“越来越”。（3） The older we grow, the poorer our memory will be. The earlier we start, the sooner well get there.笔记要点：这种句型结构表示“越越”。（4） I prefer the cheaper one of the two books. Of the two brothers, he is the cleverer.笔记要点：二者之比较。而Of the three girls, she is the cleverest.最高级与比较级：三者或三者以上进行比较，“the + 形容词 / 副词est”。(1) John is the tallest of the three.He runs fastest in our class.（副词的最高级the可省略）This is the most difficult book Ive read.(2)