六年级句型 语法讲义.docVIP

句型、语法 句型是英语测试中常见的题型。它着重考学生对所学的句型结构、句型变化的掌握情况和综合运用能力。在日常的学习中，一定要多读、多记课文中的句子，形成一定的语感，对有特殊变化的词组和句型一定要特别注意，并牢记在心。这样，在做题目时才不至于出错。专题知识及考题解读：(一) 时态 时态是一种语法手段，是表示动作、状态所发生或者存在的时间的动词形式。也就是说，时态是表示时间差别的动词形式，在不同时间发生的动作要使用不同的动词形式。在小学阶段，我们主要掌握以下四种：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时和一般过去时。请同学们在学习时自觉掌握他们的用法和形式。1） 一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，但是在主语是第三人称单数时动词后要加s或es，而且动词be和have也要根据主语人称和数的变化而改变。竞赛题分析：It is spring now. Jim often _(climb) the mountain with his brothers.主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词要加s。答案为：climbs.2) 现在进行时主要表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。这种时态的结构是：系动词be+（动词的）现在分词。 Look! Someone is _up the wall. Is he a thief?A: climbs B: climbing C: climbed D. will climb 题中的Look! （看！）暗示了 now（现在）这一时间，应用现在进行时，故选B。2） 一般将来时是由“助动词shall/will+动词原形”或be going to构成的，shall/will常缩写为ll，shall用于第一人称，will一般用于第二人称和第三人称。Be going to随人称变化而变化。 I _ you on your next birthday.A: see B: am seeing C: will see D: saw Next birthday （下个生日）是表示将来的时间状语，所以应用将来时，选C。3） 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或者存在的状态，不包含现在的时刻；也可以表示过去经常和反复发生的动作。 Who _ just a minute ago?A: calls B: called C: is calling D: will callA minute ago (一分钟前)是表示过去的时间状语，本题为过去时句型，故选B。（二）词汇1.冠词：特别注意an的基本用法。用在辅音音素（注意不是辅音字母）开头的单词前面。 This is _M and this is _U.A: a, a B: an , an C, a, an D: an , a, M的读音是以元音音素开头，而U是辅音音素开头，所以选D。2.形容词：形容词在表示“比较 和最”这样的概念时，要用特别的形式，称为比较级和最高级。请注意单音节和部分双音节的形容词er 和est词尾的加法；部分双音节和多音节的形容词用more和most构成比较级和最高级。更要牢记一些常用的特殊变化的形容词：原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestBad/illworseworstfarFartherfurtherfarthest表示具体距离furthest表示抽象概念LittlelessleastMany/muchmoremost The Himalayas（喜马拉雅山） are_(high)in the world.(用适当形式)此题主要考学生对形容词最高级的掌握情况。high最高级是在词尾加est，注意最高级前用定冠词，所以应填the highest。3. 情态动词：六年级下学期我们接触了一些情态动词的用法，有些用法比较特殊。如：在回答由must引导的一般疑问句时：如表示否定，不用mustnt，而用neednt或dont have to，因为表示禁止、不许可。Must I all come tomorrow?明天我们必须全部都来吗？ Yes, you must. 是的，必须全来。No, you neednt. (No, you dont have to.)不，没必要。 Miss Gao must be in the office.高老师一定在办公室里。need既是情态动词又是行为动词。作为情态动词主要用于否定句和疑问句。Need I do it right now? 我需要马上做吗？Yes,you must.是的，需要。No, you neednt. 不，没必要。need用做行为动词时，有人称和数的变化，如后接动词，要用带to的不定式Does he need to do it like that? 他必须那样做这件事吗？反意疑问句： 是由一个陈述句和一个简略的一般疑问句两部分构成。 Peter is here, isnt he?人称是Peter，谓语是is，是一个肯定句，后面用反意就应该用 isnt he？感叹句： 用来表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦等情绪。可以用what或者how来引导。 What a beautiful girl she is ! How fast he runs!强化训练：1.Daming Lake is a very a beautiful park.（改为感叹句）_2.She isnt doing her homework.（变为一般现在时） She _ _her homework everyday.3.She has a good time. （改为现在进行时）_4.Ill catch up with you. （改为过去时）_5.She is a nice girl.（改为感叹句）_6.I am reading while she is watching TV. （改成过去进行时）_中译英技巧：在英语竞赛中会遇到一些翻译的题型。要做好这些题，在平时的学习中，要： 1.培养良好的阅读习惯。 2.在阅读中积累词汇量、提高运用语言的能力。3.多注意英语的句型结构。（陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的结构），还要注意时间、地点应放在哪里；一些词组的正确搭配形式。 读前两句的英文和中文翻译，根据这些句子把第三句的中文译成英文。他到过世界的很多地方。He has been to many places in the world.我没到过英国的任何地方。I havent been to any places in the UK. 他没有到过日本的任何地方。_【题解】要仔细观察给出的例题， 找出两个句子中的相同之处，如，到过have/has been to,那他到过就是He has been to 没有到过就是havent/hasnt been to, 我没到过就是I havent been to. 再观察“地方”，英语就是place,很多地方就是many places，任何地方就是any places,而地点就是in the+方位名词。然后用此句型来翻译新的句子，并注意人称和时态的搭配；还要注意时间和地点在句子中的位置和汉语有所不同。因此本题因翻译成He hasnt been to any places in Japan. 强化训练：读前两句的英文和中文翻译，根据这些句子把第三句的中文译成英文。1.他说他已经把门打开了。He said he had already opened the door.他们说他们已经清洁了房子。They said they had already cleaned the house. 她说她已经把她的衣服洗了。_2.杰克已经在那里工作了两个小时，是吗？Jack has worked there for two hours, hasnt he?肯在那边玩，是吗？Ken is playing over there ,isnt he?你和你的朋友在玩游戏，是吗？_3那个想当医生的男孩是我的表弟。The boy who wants to be a doctor is my cousin. 那个喜欢游泳的女孩想去游览。The girl who likes swimming wants to go sightseeing. 那个常跟我妈妈说话的妇女正在邮局买邮票。_专题训练在竞赛中，在做一些单选题时，还有一些小窍门： 1.认真审题。认真默读题目。看看需要选择的部分在句子中充当什么成分，准确判断出题人的意图，弄清要考查的要点。2.排除、推敲。首先把完全不符合要求的选项排除，然后在剩余的选项中进行推敲、琢磨。3.检查验证。把选出来的选项放到句子中读一读，首先看看是不是顺口，语感是否顺畅，在分析是否符合句意、语法和逻辑。4.在做看图完成句子的题目时，要仔细观察图片，弄清楚图片上的信息以及信息间的联系。在读图片的基础上，判断出正确的句型，使句子既符合图意，又符合题意。1. 用下列每组单词组成三个以上的句子（肯定句，否定句或祈使句） 每个词至少用一次：(1) shoes, put, are, dont black, there, the _(2) look, nice, a, the , Mike, at, picture, is, this_(3) bottles, count, empty, are, those, lets the, Roses_(4) dogs, Joan, her, are, two, near, got, the, not, white_(5) are, big, the, elephants, they, dancing, so_2. 改写句子，使改后的句子意思与原句大致不变，每格只填一个词。(1) My mothers father is a driver. My _is a driver.(2) Rose is my uncles daughter. Rose is my _.(3) These pencils are red, blue, green and yellow. These pencils are_.(4) We like playing football, too. We_like playing football.(5) Mrs Webbs son and daughters are cleaning their bedrooms. Mrs Webbs _ are cleaning their bedrooms.(6) There is an apple in my hand. I _ _ an apple in my hand.(7) Mr Smith is Australian. Mr Smith is_ Australia.(8) Whats her job? What_ _ _?2.下列句子哪一部分错了，请圈出并改正。(1) Dont playing in the street now.(2) My mother has a orange car.(3) A bird can fly and a duck cant.(4) Hers skirts are black.(5) Where is an old policeman?(6) Where are you come from?(7) I dont like singing. My brother doesnt like singing,too.(8) Everyone in my family go to work on foot.(9) She usually gets to home at 5.00 in the afternoon.(10) There isnt any coins and stamps in the desk.(11) We are going to have a two-weeks holiday.(12) Please say hello for your friend for me.3,根据前三个英语句子及其中文解释，将第四句中文译成英文。（1） 这是个K。This is a K.这是个H。This is an H.这是个P。This is a P.那是个E。_（2） 我有一本日汉字典。I have got a JapaneseChinese dictionary.迈克有一本汉日字典。Mike has got a ChineseJapanese dictionary.我姐姐有一本汉英字典。My sister has a ChineseEnglish dictionary.我父亲有一本汉英字典。_（3） 请把窗户打开。Would you please open the window?请把牛奶倒进玻璃杯。Would you please pour the milk into the glass?请你给我们一些水。Would you please give us some water?请把水倒进茶杯里。_（4） 当她近来时我正在清洁我的房间。I was cleaning my room when she came in.当他来到这里时我正在学英语。I was studying English when he came here.当她来到这里时我正在打篮球。I was playing basketball when she came here.当他们回家时我正在打篮球。_（5） 请把你的票给我看看。Please show me your ticket.我会把照片给他看的。I will show him the picture.你可以把新车给他们看看。You can show them the new car你能把那条新裙子给我们看看吗？_（6） 这就是我想看的东西。This is what I want to see.这就是我想说的话。This is what I want to say.这就是我想吃的东西。This is What I want to eat.这就是我想买的东西。_.（7） 比起出门，我更愿意呆在家里。I prefer staying at home to going out.比起坐公共汽车，王先生更愿意骑自行车。Mr Wang prefers riding a bike to taking a bus.比起唱歌，她更愿意跳舞。She prefers dancing to singing.比起看电视，她更愿意玩电脑游戏。_（8） 在床上蹦跳的那个男的是日本人。The man jumping on the bed is from Japan.跟在男孩后面跑的那条狗是格林太太的。The dog running after the boy is Mr Greens.在农场上干活的那些男的是我的亲戚。The men working on the farm are my relatives.在农场里唱歌的女孩是我的女儿。_.4下面是一些谚语。请你把他们的中文解释的编号写在相应句子前的括号内。（1） 做事要当其时。 （2）你有一手，我也有一手。 （3）事难两全其美。（4）以德报德，以怨报怨。（5）机不可失 （6）门不关，狗就会进来。 （7）来得容易，失得快。（8）有其师必有其徒。（9）一寸光阴一寸金 （10）有其父，必有其子。（11）从小看大，三岁看老。（12）两个错误不等于一个正确。( ) Do it now. ( ) Easy come, easy go. ( ) Like father, like son. ( ) There is a time for all things. ( ) Time is money. ( ) Two wrongs do not make a right. ( ) You cant eat your cake and have it. ( ) At open doors dogs come in. ( ) The child is father of the man. ( ) I like for like. ( ) Like teacher, like pupil. ( ) Two can play at that game.Writing一、 改写下列句子，使改后的句子与原句意思不变，每格只填一个词。(1)The boys and the girls are playing there. The _ _playing there.(2) Can you give me a hand? Can you _ _?(3) Im fine, thank you. _, _.(4) We can see some pictures at page three. We can see some pictures on _ _ _.(5) Is that all right? Is it _/(6) They are having a maths lesson. They are having a _ _.(7) Its time to go to bed. Its time _ _.(8) There sre two doors in the room. The_ _ two doors.(9) I must go now. Goodbye. I must go now. _ _.(10)Shes not right. Shes _ _.二、 根据中文句子，请你找出它的正确英文译句，并把它的编号写在相应的括号内。（ ）1，那些是农民们的新房子，它们中许多都有花园。A, Those are the farmers now house. Many of they have gardens.B, Those are the farmers new house. Many of them has a garden.C, Those are the farmers new houses,Many of them have gardens.D, Those are the houses of the farmers, Theres a garden in them.（ ）2，在篮球中的苹果中有一个是坏的。A: One of the apple is bad in the basket.B: One of the apples are bad in the basket.C: One of the apples in the basket are bad.D, One of the apples in the basket is bad.（ ）3，我有点喜欢喝橙汁。A: I like drink orange juice a little.B, I like drinking orange juice a little.C, One of the apples in the basket are bad.D, One of the apples in the basket is bad.三、改写下列句子，使第一句与第二句的意思基本相同。每格只填一个单词。要把填的单词写在句子的空格内。(1) Its time to go to school. Its time _ _.(2) He can give me a hand. He can _ _.(3) The gial is seven. The girl is seven_ _.(4) There are two tree in the garden The garden_ _.(5) Its twelve now. _ its tweve_.四、选择正确的答案填空，答案可能是一个、两个、三个或四个。把正确的答案的编号写在相应的括号内。( ) 1, Thi si s_ M and this is _U. A, a a B, an, an, C, a, an D, an, a( ) 2, What are the _ doing?A, people B, policemans C, English D, children( )3, Your sister_ a new colour TV.A, have B, has C, have got D, has got ( ) 4,There is _ in the desk.A, some money B, some paper C, some toy sheep D, some pieces of bread.( ) 5, _ your teachers_ the books?A, Are. reading B, Do. read C, Are.want D, Dowant( )6,The young men are_.A, at school B, in the school C, at evening school D, in the middle school( ) 7, Please give _ some milk.A, her B, her sister C, his D, his brother( ) 8, _ are they?A, What B, Whose books C, Who D, How much五、选择正确答案，把正确答案的编号写在括号内，注意答案不止一个。(1), Please give me_. ( )A, some paper B, a piece on paper C, any paper D, many paper(2), Lets_ the match on TV.A, watch B, see C, lot(3), Do you _ English?A, say B, listen C, speak(4), Mr Lee is from England,_ you know?A, are B, do C, have(5), Take good care_ the little children.A, of B, with C, is (6), Everyone in my family_ very busy now.A, am B, are C, to(7), There are some_ in the bottle.A, paper B, fish C, pear(8), Thats _ book. _ is over there.A, my, Hers B, mine, Hers C, mine, Her(9). Who aew two_?A, baby B, babys C, babies(10), _ is my cousin.A, In th