2017年中考英语复习被动语态.doc

被动语态自述【知识梳理】一、概念英语中的语态是表示主语和谓语之间的关系，主要是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：Millie often sings this English song.谓语：sing的动作是由主语Millie发出的，即Millie是sing this English song这个动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。如：This English song is sung by Millie.主语this English song是动词sing发出的，即sing这个动作的承受者。二、构成被动语态由“be动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。需要注意的是：其中的动词必须是及物动词。现以sing为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时的被动语态：amisaresung一般过去时的被动语态：wasweresung一般将来时的被动语态：willshall besung现在进行时的被动语态：amisare beingsung过去进行时的被动语态：waswere beingsung现在完成时的被动语态：havehas beensung过去完成时的被动语态：had been + sung三、变换1、把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。如果是人称代词的宾格须变成主格；2、把谓语变成被动结构：be过去分词。需要注意的是：要根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式，变成被动语态后的句子的时态须与原来主动语态的句子时态保持一致；3、把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语。如果是人称代词主格须改为宾格。4、其余部分照写。如：I watched a football match on TV last night.A football match on TV was watched by me last night.【拓展延伸】1、在含有使役动词（make, let, have）、感官动词（hear, see, watch, find, feel等）以及help的句子中，在主动语态中这些词后接动词原形（即省to的动词不定式），在变成被动语态时，须将to补上。如：I saw him play football on the playground just now.He was seen to play football on the playground by me.2、teach, give, show, pass, buy, tell等后常接两个宾语，即双宾语：直接宾语（表物的）和间接宾语（表人的）。变成被动语态时，可以选取其中任一个做主语。但需要注意的是：如果选取直接宾语做主语时，那么间接宾语前须加相应的介词for或to。如：Helen showed me a photo.I was shown a photo by Helen.A photo was shown to me by Helen.3、由“不及物动词+ 介词/副词+ 宾语”的句子变成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。如：She took good care of her grandmother.Her grandmother was taken good care of by her.四、用法1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。如：The red car was made in Yancheng, Jiangsu.这辆红色小汽车是江苏盐城产的。(不知道这辆小汽车是谁制造的) The Sutong Highway Bridge was founded in 2007.这座桥竣工于2007年。(不知道苏通大桥是谁建造的)2、需要突出或强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者，这时常由by短语引出动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by Jack last night.窗子杰克昨晚打破的。（强调打破窗子这一动作的执行者是Jack）3、出于礼貌或交际需要而不愿说出动作的执行者。如：You are wanted on the phone, Miss Fang.方老师，你的电话。【友情提醒】1、不及物动词，连系动词及短语不能用于被动语态，常见的动happen, appear, stay, break out, take place, belong to , come true ,come out等。如：The famous writers new book will come out soon.那位著名作家的新书马上就要出版了。2、主语是感觉的对象，动词表示给人以什么样的感觉，如smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，feel(摸起来)，look(看起来)，sound(听起来)通常用作连系动词，后面用形容词作表语，不用于被动语态。如：The silk feels soft.丝绸摸上去软绵绵的。3、不定式在形容词后做状语时构成be+ adj +to do结构时，不定式不用于被动语态。常见的形容词有easy ,hard ,difficult等。如：The question is easy to answer.这个问题容易回答。4、不定式做后置定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语能在句中找到，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。反之，不能找到不定式的逻辑主语，不定式用被动语态。如：I have a lot of homework to do this evening.今晚我又许多家庭作业要做。5、在require, need 等后用动名词主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用不定式被动语态。如： My old bike needs repairing =My old bike needs to be required。我的旧自行车需要修一下。【中考链接】( B)1.How clean the window is! Yes, it just now.A. has been cleaned B. was cleanedC. is cleaned D. will be cleaned( B)2.Usually people in Japan and Korea when they meet for the first time.A. are supposed to kiss B. are supposed to bowC. suppose to kiss D. suppose to bow( A)3.English in many countries. But now more and more countries open up Chinese lessons. A. is spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. speaks( B )4.When you leave the room, make sure the door .A. was locked B. is lockedC. will be locked D. should be locked( B)5.Few students can understand the sentence until it twice or three times.A. explainsB. is explainedC.will be explained D. has explained( A)6.Now Chineses become the popular language that widely in the world.A. is, learnedB. is, learningC. will, learn D.was, learned( D)7. Wont you go to the dinner tonight?I will if I .A. will be invited B. have invitedC. am inviting D.am invited( A)8.Many people learn English because it widely in the world.A. is, used B. was, used C. is, using D. was, using( D )9.Maria at 6:30 every morning by her mother to get ready for school.A. was woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. is woken up( D )10.Mike wasnt at home yesterday. He to help with Jennys English.A. was asking B. is asked C. is asking D. was asked ( A)11.The telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.A. was invented B. has been inventedC. is invented D. will be invented( B)12.The new bridge over the Jingsha River last year, which makes it very easy to go to the city center.A. built B. was built C. has built D. has been built13.Mike broke the window yesterday. (改为被动语态) The window was broken by Mike yesterday.14.More and more foreigners speak Chinese in the world now.(改成被动语态)Chinese is spoken by more and more foreigners in the world now.15.Didnt they tell you about it?（改为被动语态）_Werent_ you _told_ about it?16.People brought some pandas from Wolong to the capital o