老托听力1~30篇翻译.docx

1Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called One On One helps elementary students whove fallen behind. You education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teachingthat is, tutoring in math and English. Youd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutorshell be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. Im sure youll enjoy this community service and youll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that youve had experience with children and that you care about your community. If youd like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodges office this week.社会服务是我们学校教育的一个非常重要组成部分。我们鼓励学生在他们毕业前至少参加一个志愿活动。有一个叫“一对一”的新社区项目帮助成绩落后的小学生。你的教育学专业要特别对此感兴趣因为它提供给你一些助教的机会指导数学和英语。你每个学期至少一个星期做两个小时的志愿服务。你可以选择帮助一个孩子数学，英语或者两个都帮。半个小时的课程很好，所以你可以每个科目各半个小时，每星期两天。Dodge教授会是助教的顾问他可以在教学计划上或在活动上给予你建议。他每个周二和周四的下午都会在办公室。你可以去他那儿报名这个项目，然后下周开始助教。我相信你在享受这个社会服务同时你会得到有价值的经验。它在你的简历上看起来也不错，展示你对孩子有经验而且关心你的社会。如果你想报名，或者你有任何问题，这周去拜访Dodge教授。2I hope youve all finished reading the assigned chapter on insurance so that youre prepared for our discussion today. But, before we start, Id like to mention a few things your text doesnt go into. Its interesting to note that insurance has existed in some form for a very long time. The earliest insurance policies were what we called bottomry contracts. They provided shipping protection for merchants as far back as 3000 B.C. In general, the contracts were often no more than verbal agreements. They granted loans to merchants with the understanding that if a particular shipment of goods was lost at sea, the loan didnt have to be repaid. Interest on the loans varied according to how risky it was to transport the goods. During periods of heavy piracy at sea, for example, the amount of interest and the cost of the policy went up considerably. So, you can see how insurance helped encourage international trade. Even the most cautious merchants became willing to risk shipping their goods over long distances, not to mention in hazardous weather conditions when they had this kind of protection available. Generally speaking, the basic form of an insurance Policy has been pretty much the same since the Middle Ages. There are four points that were salient then and remain paramount in all policies today. These were outlined in chapter six and will serve as the basis for the rest of todays discussion. Can anyone tell me what one of those points might be?我希望你们已经阅读了有关保险的指定章节，所以你们对今天的讨论是有准备的。但是，在我们开始前，我想说你们课文里没有的几件事。有趣的是，保险已经以某些形式存在很久了。最开始的保险政策是冒险借贷契约。公元前3000年，它们提供商人海运保护。一般来说，契约通常是口头协议。他们授予商人们贷款，如果装运物品在海里丢失了，贷款就不用还了。贷款利息的不同取决于运输货物的风险。在海盗行为严重的时期，比如，利息总额和政策的价格上升了很多。所以，你可以看到保险是如何帮助促进国际贸易的。即使是最谨慎的商人也开始想去承担长距离运输货物的风险，更不用说当恶劣的天气条件时他们有这种保护。一般来说，保险政策的基本形式从中世纪起就几乎一样。在所有政策里，有四个方面是显著和重要的。这些在第六章中都概括了并且会是今天其余的讨论。有人能告诉我其中的一个方面是什么吗？3Located at the NASA Research Center in Iowa is a 5,000-gallon vat of water, and inside the tank is an underwater treadmill designed by Dava Newman, an aerospace engineer. For four years Newman observed scuba divers as they simulated walking on the Moon and on Mars on her underwater moving belt. She wanted to discover how the gravity of the Moon and of Mars would affect human movement. To do this, Newman attached weights to the divers and then lowered them into the tank and onto the treadmill. These weights were carefully adjusted so that the divers could experience underwater the gravity of the Moon and of Mars as they walked on the treadmill. Newman concluded that walking on Mars will probably be easier than walking on the Moon. The Moon has less gravity than Mars does, so at lunar gravity, the divers struggled to keep their balance and walked awkwardly. But at Martian gravity, the divers had greater traction and stability and could easily adjust to a pace of 1.5 miles per hour. As Newman gradually increased the speed of the treadmill, the divers took longer, graceful strides until they comfortably settled into an even quicker pace. Newman also noted that at Martian gravity, the divers needed less oxygen. The data Newman collected will help in the future design of Martian space suits. Compared to lunar space suits, Martian space suits will require smaller air tanks; and, to allow for freer movement, the elbow and knee areas of the space suits will also be altered.NASA的调查中心在IOWA有一个可容5000加仑水的大容器，内部有一个由航空宇宙工程师Dava Newman设计的水下踏车。四年来，Newman一直观察潜水者在她的水下传送带上的模仿在月球和火星上的行走。她想知道月球和火星的重力是如何影响人类的活动的。为了做到这些，Newman给潜水者加了一些重量，然后把他们放入水中，放到脚踏车上。这些重量是谨慎调整过的，因此。潜水者在脚踏车上时可以感受到月球或火星上的重力作用。Newman推断在火星上的行走易于在月球上的行走，月球的重力小于火星，所以在月球重力的作用下，潜水者要努力保持平衡并且走路更笨拙一些。在火星的重力作用下，潜水者有更多的牵引力和稳定性，并且可以轻松达到1.5英里/小时的步速。随着Newman逐渐给脚踏车加速，潜水者步幅更大，动作更优美，直到他们达到一个更快步速。Newman也注意到在火星重力作用下，潜水者需要的氧气更少。Newman收集到的资料将有助于未来火星空间服的设计。与月球服相比，火星服将有更小的空气罐，而且，为了保证更自由的行动，火星服的肘部与膝部的空间也会被改变。4Welcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass thats home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, its too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough. This is a good place to start because its home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. Youll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators. Dont worry, theres a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there well head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you whod like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, dont do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. Wed hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winterthe best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now theyre not so bothersome, but youll still want to use an insect repellent.欢迎来到大沼泽地国家公园。沼泽地是一个被克拉莎草覆盖的潮湿的平原并且是很多野生物种的家园。今天看完全部的150万英亩太多了，但是这个旅行会给你提供一个很好的采样。我们的旅行公共汽车的第一站是Taylor Slough。这是一个好地方因为这是很多与沼泽地相关的动物和植物的家。你可以看到很多异国的鸟，当然，还有世界闻名的短吻鳄。不用担心，这里有一个在沼泽地上方的小道，所以你可以从一个安全的距离看到底下在水里的动物。这个小道也是足够高的让你看到克拉莎草大草原。从那里我们会前往其他的有着奇妙的热带植物，如同沼泽般和丛林般的地方。对于你们中那些想近距离观察克拉莎草大草原的人，在旅游途中，你可以考虑借一个独木舟。但是，除非你有很好的方向感并且可以顺利通过高大的草丛，不然不要做。我们痛恨去找你。你们有着很好的运气在冬季来到这里旅游的最佳季节。在春天和夏天，蚊子会活活把你吃掉。现在它们并不是很麻烦，但你还是会需要一个驱虫剂的。5Thank you. Its great to see so many of you interested in this series on Survival in Outer Space. Please excuse the cameras; were being videotaped for the local TV stations. Tonight Im going to talk about the most basic aspect of survivalthe space suit. When most of you imagine an astronaut, thats probably the first thing that comes to mind, right? Well, without space suits, it would not be possible for us to survive in space. For example, outer space is a vacuumtheres no gravity or air pressure; without protection, a body would explode. Whats more, wed cook in the sun or freeze in the shade with temperatures ranging from a toasty 300 degrees above to a cool 300 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. The space suit that NASA has developed is truly a marvel. This photo enlargement here is a life-size image of an actual space suit worn by astronauts on the last space shuttle mission. This part is the torso. Its made of seven extremely durable layers. This thick insulation protects against temperature extremes and radiation. Next is what they call a bladder of oxygen thats an inflatable sac, filled with oxygen, to simulate atmospheric pressure. This bladder presses against the body with the same force as the Earths atmosphere at sea level. The innermost layers provide liquid cooling and ventilation. Despite all the layers, the suit is flexible, allowing free movement so we can work. Another really sophisticated part of the space suit is the helmet. I brought one along to show you. Can I have a volunteer come and demonstrate?谢谢。看到你们这么多人都对“外太空生存”感兴趣真好。请不要介意摄像机，我们在给当地的电视台录像。今晚我要讲一讲在外太空生存的最基本的方面太空衣。当你们大部分人想象到一个宇航员时，太空衣是最先在脑海中出现的，对不对？没有太空衣，我们就不可能在外太空生存。比如说，外太空就像一个真空那里没有重力或者空气压力。没有保护，身体会爆炸。而且，在温度从暖烘烘的300华氏度到冰冷的零下300华氏度的变化下，我们会在太阳里被烤熟或者在背阴处冻结。NASA研制的太空服是一个真正的十分灵巧的东西。这个放大的照片是一个和实物一样大小的图像，反映的是在上一次航天飞机的任务中，宇航员穿着真正的太空衣。这个部分是身体躯干。它是由7个非常耐用的层制作的。粗的绝缘材料保护温度末端和辐射。下一个是他们叫做氧气“囊”的充气囊。它里面充满了氧气，模仿大气压力。这个囊对身体的压力和地球大气层对海平线的压力一样。最里面的层提供液体冷却和通风。尽管有这些层，太空衣很灵活，允许自由的运动，所以我们可以工作。另一个太空衣很复杂的部分是头盔。我带了一个来给你们看。有没有志愿者想上来展示一下吗？6Good evening. My name is Pam Jones, and on behalf of the Modern Dance club, Id like to welcome you to tonights program. The club is pleased to present the TV version of The Catherine Wheel, Twyla Tharps rock ballet. This video version of the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original theater production. It includes some animation, slow motion, and stop-action freezes that really help the audience understand the dance. The title of the piece refers to Saint Catherine, who died on a wheel in 307 A.D. Nowadays, a Catherine wheel is also a kind of firework. It looks something like a pinwheel. Anyway, the dance is certainly full of fireworks! Youll see how Twyla Tharp explores one familys attempt to confront the violence in modern life. The central symbol of the work is a pineapple, but exactly what it represents has always created a lot of controversy. As you watch, see if you can figure it out. The music for this piece is full of the rhythmic energy of rock music. It was composed by David Byrne. Of the rock band Talking Heads? And the lead dancer in this version was Sara Rudner, who is perfectly suited to Tharps adventurous choreography. Following the video, dance teacher Mary Parker will lead a discussion about the symbolism Ms. Tharp used. We hope you can stay for that. So, enjoy tonights video and thank you for your support.晚上好，我叫Pam Jones。作为现代舞俱乐部的代表，我欢迎你们来看今天的节目。我们的俱乐部很高兴为电视版本的“The Catherine Wheel”，也就是Twyla Tarp的摇滚芭蕾作电视转播。这个芭蕾录影比原始的剧院录影要成功得多。它很活泼，动作较慢，包括动动作的流畅都帮助观众很好地理解舞蹈，这个节目的主题来自Saint Catherine，307年死在车轮下。现今，“Saint Catherine轮子”也是一种烟花的名字，它看起来象一种玩具风车，总之，这个舞蹈充满了烟火。你会看到Twyla Tharp 探究一个家庭试图对抗现今的暴力，这个作品的中心标志是一个菠萝，但它到底代表什么仍有很大争议。当你观看时你看你是否能想象出来。这个节目充满了摇滚乐的韵律，是David Byrne 作曲。Of the rock band Talking Heads?（不会。）领舞的是Sara Rudner，她很适合Tharp 大胆创新的舞蹈设计。录相之后，舞蹈教师Mary Parker 会开始一场关于Tharp女士用过的象征符号的讨论。我们期望你们可以待到那个时候。最后，好好享受今晚的录相并感谢你们的支持。7In our lab today, well be testing the hypothesis that babies can count as early as five months of age. The six babies here are all less than six months old. Youll be watching them on closed circuit TV and measuring their responses. The experiment is based on the well-established observation that babies stare longer if they dont see what they expect to see. First, were going to let two dolls move slowly in front of the babies. The babies will see the two dolls disappear behind a screen. Your job is to record, in seconds, how long the babies stare at the dolls when the screen is removed. In the next stage, two dolls will again move in front of the babies and disappear. But then a third doll will follow. When the screen is removed, the babies will only see two dolls. If were right, the babies will now stare longer because they expect three dolls but only see two. It seems remarkable to think that such young children can count. My own research has convinced me that they have this ability from birth. But whether they do or not, perhaps we should raise another question. Should we take advantage of this ability by teaching children mathematics at such a young age? They have great untapped potential, but is it good for parents to pressure young children? 今天在我们的实验室，我们将测试一种假设小婴儿们早在5个月大时就可以数数。这里的6个小婴儿都是比6个月小的。你们将会通过闭路电视看到他们并且测试他们的反应。这个实验室基于一个历史悠久的观察，即小婴儿们会盯着更久如果他们没有看到他们期望看到的东西。首先，我们会让两个娃娃从小婴儿们面前慢慢的移动。小婴儿们会看到这两个娃娃在屏幕后面消失。你们的工作是以秒的形式记录下来当屏幕移开的时候，小婴儿们盯着娃娃多久。下一步，两个娃娃会再次从小婴儿们面前移动然后消失。但是紧接着，第三个娃娃会跟着出现。当屏幕移开时，小婴儿们只会看见两个娃娃。如果我们是正确的，小婴儿们将盯着更久因为他们期望三个娃娃但是只看到两个。这像是不平常的去想这么小的孩子可以数数。我自己的研究已经使我相信他们从出生就有这个能力。但是不管他们有没有，也许我们应该提出另一个问题。我们应该利用这个能力去在孩子们这么小的时候去教他们数学吗？他们有着很好的未开放的潜能，但是家长给小孩子压力是好的吗？8Before starting our tour of Monticello, Id like to give you some historical facts that might help you appreciate what you see today even more. Monticello was the very much loved home of Thomas Jefferson for over fifty years. Jefferson, who was, of course, President, was also a great reader and language enthusiast. He read widely on different subjects, including architecture. He wasnt formally trained in architecture, but as a result of his study and observation of other buildings, he was able to help design and build the house. He chose the site himself, naming the estate Monticello, which means little mountain in Italian. In fact, many of the ideas behind the design also came from the Italian architect Andrea Palladio, who lived in the sixteenth century and who had a great influence on the architecture of England. Jefferson, however, ignored one of Palladios principles, that is, not to build in a high place. Monticellos elevation made the transportation of what was needed at the housefor example, foodespecially difficult. But the view from the estate would not be as spectacular if Jefferson had followed Palladios advice; there really is no boundary between the house and the nature around it, and so Jefferson was able to look out on his beloved state of Virginia from his wonderful vantage point. Now well go on to Jeffersons library.在我们的蒙提切娄旅游开始前，我想给你们讲一些会帮助你们鉴赏今天要看的东西的史实。蒙提切娄是Thomas Jefferson 50多年最爱的家。Jefferson不但是总统，而且还是一个伟大的读者和语言爱好者。他在不同的学科上都阅读很广泛，包括建筑学。他并没有正式地在建筑学方面有所训练，但是由于他对其他建筑物的观察和学习，他可以帮助设计和建造房屋。他自己选址，给庄园起名叫蒙提切娄，它仔意大利语的意思是“小山”。事实上，在设计的背后，很多意见都来自于一个意大利的建筑师“Andrea Palladio”。他生活在16世纪并且在英格兰的建筑学上有很大影响。但是Jefferson忽视了Palladio的一个原则你能在高的地方建。蒙提切娄的海拔让运输很困难，比如食物。但是如果Jefferson遵循了Palladio的原则，那么庄园的视野就不会如此壮观。房子和周围的自然确实没有分界线。所以Jefferson可以从有利位置向外看到他爱的弗吉尼亚州。现在我们前往Jefferson的图书馆。9Now that weve all introduced ourselves to the new members, lets get down to work. As the committee in charge of this years tree-planting project, we have several items on our agenda. First, we have to review the budget. The president has informed me that the trustees have set aside $3,000 for the purchase of trees and our environmental T-shirt sale netted a profit of $1,500. Second, we have to finalize the choice of trees. As you know, were working with Richardsons Nursery again this year since everyone seemed pleased with the work he did for us last year. Mr. Richardson has presented us with several choices within our price range that he thinks would meet our needs. Hes sent us pictures of the trees for us to look at, but he wanted me to tell you that were welcome to visit the nursery if we want to see the trees themselves. Lastly, we need to plan some kind of ceremony to commemorate the planting. Several ideas, including a garden party of some sort, have been suggested. So lets get on with it and turn to the first order of business.既然现在我们已经向新成员们做了自我介绍，让我们开始工作吧。作为负责今年植树项目的委员会，我们的议程包含几项项目。首先，我们要回顾预算。董事长已经通知我，托管人已经设置了3000美元给我们购买树和环境T恤，净赚了1500美元。第二，我们必须给树的选择定稿。你们知道，由于去年每个人好像都对Richardson的苗圃很满意，我们今年再次和他合作。Richardson先生已经给我们提供一些他认为可以符合在我们价格范围内的选择。他给我们发送了一些树的图片来看，但是他想让我告诉你们，他欢迎我们去拜访他的苗圃如果我们想亲眼看一下那些树。最后，我们需要计划一些仪式来纪念植树。几个方案，包括一个花园派对已经被建议过了。所以让我们来开始吧，然后转向第一次生意。10Welcome to the Four Winds Historical Farm, where traditions of the past are preserved for visitors like you. Today, our master thatchers will begin giving this barn behind me a sturdy thatched roof, able to withstand heavy winds and last up to a hundred years. How do they do it? Well, in a nutshell, thatching involves covering the beams or rafters, the wooden skeleton of a roof with reeds or straw. Our thatchers here have harvested their own natural materials for the job, the bundles of water reeds you see lying over there beside the barn. Thatching is certainly uncommon in the Untied States today. I guess thats why so many of you have come to see this demonstration. But it wasnt always that way. In the seventeenth century, the colonists here thatched their roofs with reeds and straw, just as they had done in England. After a while, though, they began to replace the thatch with wooden shingles because wood was so plentiful. And eventually, other roofing materials like stone, slate, and clay tiles came into use. Its a real shame that most people today dont realize how strong and long lasting a thatched roof is. In Ireland, where thatching is still practiced, the roofs can survive winds of up to one hundred ten miles per hour. Thats because straw and reeds are so flexible. They bend but dont break in the wind like other materials can. Another advantage is that the roofs keep the house cool in the summer and warm in the winter. And then, of course, theres the roofs longevitythe average is sixty years, but they can last up to a hundred. With all these reasons to start thatching roofs again, wouldnt it be wonderful to see this disappearing craft return to popularity?欢迎来到“四风历史农场”，这里传统都被保留下来，为您这样的旅客而准备。今天，我们主要得盖屋顶者要开始给我们的谷仓建一个坚固的房顶，足以承受住强风并持续一年。他们如何做到这个？一言以蔽之，盖屋顶包括覆盖着梁和椽。我们的盖屋顶者收获了他们工作的材料，一捆捆水中的芦苇在那个仓库中，盖屋顶在今天的美国很不普通。我想这就是为什么你们这以多人来这里看示范的原因。但并不都是这样。在17世纪，殖民者用芦苇造他们的房顶，就像他们在英国一样，过了一阵以后，他们开始