高英hiroshima 教案.2.doc

教学重点1To familiarize students with Hiroshima-the first atomic bomb2To familiarise students with story writings3To enable students to appreciate the writing style of the text教学难点1、Words and expressionsHave a lump in my throat, preoccupation, be oblivious of, ritual, cab, pop open, in response to,screech,ignorance,usher,internezzo,heave,canal,enbankment,cautiously,overwelm,crush,linger on, inhibit, spinal column, flexible, agitated, sink in, confess, smell of, by trade, spare, testing and treating, genetic, free me from my earthly cares, read the answer2 、Sentence patternsThat must beWas I not at the scene of the crime?whose door popped open at the very sight of a travelerThis done,I enteredI was just about towhenIt is humiliating to3、Rhetorical devicesMetonymy, euphemism, alliteration, rhetorical question,4 、Writing styleFirst-person narrator5、Background knowledgeSecond world war,first atomic bomb练习Translate paragragh 2,7,30,36.Exercise2,7,9,Written work:My visit to课外学习观看电影“广岛记实”。Lesson Two Hiroshima the “Liveliest” City in JapanObjectives: 1) Introduce students to the narrative writing, facts vs. opinions, theme, point of view, tone. 2) Familiarize students with rhetorical techniques of irony.Class Procedures: General questions about the text.1) Why is the city of Hiroshima so special in the history of mankind?(It was destroyed by an atomic bomb on August 6, 1945. It was also the first ever used in military action in the human history)Background about the bombardment:a) the name Hiroshima in Japanese means: broad island.b) The reason it was chosen to be bombed: During the war, it was a regional army headquarters as well as a major rail center and producer of war materials.Hiroshima: Was it Necessary? (an article) This is the summary of an article Hiroshima: Was it Necessary?. With the end of the European war, the Allies focused their efforts on Japan. Japan still fought fanatically, despite being badly hurt by bombing and blockade. The Potsdam Proclamation, which demanded the unconditional surrender of Japan, was issued. It made no mention of Japans central surrender condition: the status of the Emperor. Japan rejected the Proclamation. The Japanese believed the Emperor to be a god (this is a key point). The U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Russia declared war against Japan. Japan, because of its military, still refused to surrender. Japanese peace advocates, fearing the imminent destruction of the Emperor, prevailed upon the Emperor to break with tradition and make government policy by calling for peace now. The Emperor did so. As the result of the Emperors call for surrender, the entire Japanese cabinet, including the military, agreed to surrender. The cabinet saw that this would allow the Emperor to be retained. Even Japans doves would have fought to the death had they not felt the Emperor would be spared. They saw unconditional surrender as a threat to the Emperor. President Truman had been advised of the importance of the Emperor to the Japanese. Japan was seeking Russias help to end the war in July 1945. The U.S. was aware of this at the time thru intercepted Japanese cables. But the U.S. did not keep up with this change in Japans position. The U.S. chose military methods of ending the war rather than diplomatic methods. The desire for revenge helped make military methods more attractive. Was it necessary to use the atomic bomb on Japan to end the war without an invasion of the Japanese mainland? Quotes from historians who felt it was not necessary can be found in: Article. Quotes from prominent Americans who felt the atomic bombings were not necessary can be found in: Quotes. We probably could have ended the war sooner with fewer deaths on all sides by using the full carrot and stick: 1) offer retention of the Emperor for a quick surrender; and 2) threaten Russian invasion and 3) atomic destruction as the alternative. None of these key incentives to surrender were used prior to the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. Had the above method failed, and had the Russian invasion failed to bring surrender soon, the atomic bombs were still available - but as a last resort. After the atomic bombings, Japan was allowed to retain their Emperor, anyway. c) the time of the bombing: 8:15, a.m. August 6, 1945.d) The damage: destroying almost everything within a radius of 6,000 to 8,000 feet( 1.830-2,450 meters). Over 71,000 people were killed instantly. Many more later died of injuries and the effects of radiation. Survivors are still dying of leukemia (白血病), pernicious anemia (恶性贫血症), etc. almost 98% of the buildings were destroyed or severely damaged.e) the radiation generated by the bomb caused long-term problems to those affected. Many people died within the first few months and many more in subsequent years because of radiation exposure. Some people had genetic problems which sometimes resulted in having malformed babies or being unable to have children. It is believed that more than 140,000 people died by the end of the year. They were citizens including students, soldiers and Koreans who worked in factories within the city. The total number of people who have died due to the bomb is estimated to be 200,000. f) Post-war memorial: Peace Park includes a cenotaph memorializing the victim and a museum housing relics of the holocaust.Hiroshima Peace Memorial, a remnant of the city at ground zero of its nuclear bombardmentAfter the warHiroshima was rebuilt after the war, with new modern buildings rising all over the city. In 1949, Hiroshima was proclaimed a City of Peace by the Japanese parliament, at the initiative of its mayor Shinzo Hamai (b. 1905-d. 1968). As a result, the city of Hiroshima was receiving more international attention as a desirable location for holding international conferences on peace as well as social issues. The Hiroshima Peace Institute was established in 1998 within the Hiroshima University. In 1994, the City of Hiroshima hosted the Asian Games.Record of the time by witnessesKimiko Takai6th grade girl (5 years old at the time) I shiver whenever I think of August 6, 1945, the day when Hiroshima was destroyed in just a few minutes. I and a friend were playing at a neighbors house when I heard the roar of an airplane. Its an airplane, I said. Right then, there was a flash. I was so afraid that I hung on to the next-door lady, but she was more scared than I was. She shook me loose and threw her arms around her husband. Then she took a cloth band out of a drawer and tied it around her waist. After that, she and her husband ran out of the house. My playmate Tatsuko and I didnt know what to do. Suddenly, it got dark and something began to drop from the ceiling. We were so frightened that we just hung on to each other with our eyes wide open. It got lighter and lighter and after a while I heard Tatsukos mother calling for her. She sounded very worried. She took Tatsuko with her and I was left alone. I started to cry. A neighbor with dirt all over her face came out of the wreckage and said, Dont cry. Your mother is near by. She ran off, too, and I was alone again. A little later, I heard my sisters voice through my sobs. I Iistened carefully. I could hear her calling, Kimiko! Kimiko! with all her might. I was so glad that my eyes got full of tears. My mother came, too. Oh, Kimiko, Im so glad to find you. And now your sister. Where could she be? I hope she hasnt been burned. Maybe, shes already dead, my mother said. But we couldnt waste time. We were scared and wanted to get to a safe place. As we walked along, we saw soldiers with bloated stomachs floating down the river. They probably had to dive into the river to get away from the flames. A little farther on, we saw many dead people piled up at the side of the road. As we walked on, my father saw a woman whose leg was caught under a large timber. She couldnt get free so he shouted for help but no one came. Everyone was too busy trying to get away to pay any attention to anyone else. Finally, my father shouted angrily, Arent any of you Japanese? Then he got the woman loose by sawing off her leg with a rusty, old saw. Further on, we saw a man who must have been burned to death while he was walking. Mother said that she couldnt go any further and told us to go on without her. She sat down to rest but we couldnt go on by ourselves, leaving her behind. Then she scooped up a handful of muddy water from the roadside and drank it. This must have made her feel better because she got up and joined us again. As we got to the countryside, farmers stared at us in amazement and asked us what had happened. When we passed farm houses, people would come out and give us rice balls to eat, or ask us whether we would like to wash our faces. We stayed with our relatives for about a month. After we arrived, Mother complained that her back hurt. I looked at her back and found a piece of glass about 3/4 inches wide and 1 1/2 inches long stuck in it. It had gone in quite deep because she had been carrying my brother on her back. We went to see a doctor and learned that we had been rather lucky. Many people had died and hundreds had been injured. From the next day, Father went out looking for my sister. The bomb had exploded over Aioi Bridge, near the Hiroshima post office where my sister worked. She must have died without time to call for her mother or even to say, Oh! My uncle and aunt had gone to a place near the post office to collect some manure that day and both were killed. Their ashes were brought back to us, though. Not even my sisters ashes have come back to us. All but one of the workers at the post office was killed. He picked up the remains of the other workers and then took a little of the ashes to each of the dead persons families. We put the ashes before God and prayed that my sister would rest in peace. Masatada Asaeda3rd Grade Student in 1945 When we were playing in the school ground, an airplane came, but we kept on playing, only saying Why did they give the all-clear? All of a sudden, there was something like lightening and I covered my face with my hands. When I opened my eyes and looked around, it was dark and I couldnt see anything. While I was feeling around in the darkness, it became light. I was thinking of going home, and I found that all the houses around me had been destroyed and fires were burning here and there. I started running home, crying and calling, Mother! Mother! But I couldnt tell where my house had been. I just went around this way and that, and then I heard my sister calling my name. I was shocked when I saw her, because she was stained with blood all over. I looked at myself; the skin of both my arms and feet had peeled away and was hanging off. I didnt know what all this meant, and I was frightened, so I burst into tears. Meanwhile, Mother had crawled out from the pile of tiles and dragged an overcoat and Fathers cloak out of a trunk and wrapped us in them. We spent the night in Yasu Shrine in Gion. Because of their burns, everyone was crying for water all night. The next morning, we were taken by truck to a Buddhist temple in Kabe. That night, my sister died. How can I describe Mothers grief? How can I describe the horrible scenes I saw in the temple then? Who can imagine the miseries we went through except those who were there themselves? It is entirely beyond my power to put the terrible sight into words. Countless people suffering from burns and wounds, groaning with pain, their bodies covered with maggots, and dying in delirium, one after another. It was hell on earth. About the bombName: Little Boy The A-Bombs used over Japan; Little Boy (left) and Fat Manthe test bomb (right)2) What is the writers occupation?(An American journalist or reporter)3) What was the aim of the visit?(to gather information/ or report on Hiroshima today)4) Did he ask the questions? What might be the questions he had prepared to ask?(for example: Are People in Hiroshima today living a happy life? Do you think people have forgotten about the bomb? How are people affected with the bomb looked upon by other people?)5) What is the theme, tone, mood, the point of view of the text?(the terrible effect of nuclear weapons upon people and their lives. A protest to nuclear weapons is voiced)(the tone (meaning the way the author feels or thinks about the subject of the story): bitter, upset, sad, ironic)(point of view” first-person participant/observer)6) What does the title of the text tell us?(the livelist city: the word liveliest is out in quotation marks to show that this is what the city is said to be and the writer perhaps considers it ironic to use the word liveliest to describe the city)7) How many sections can the text be divided into?(three: the arrival(Pp 1-7), dinner with the mayor(pp8-27), visit to the hospital(2839)Section One The Arrival General Questions (used as a thread to talk about the text)1) What do you know about the author? How did the writer feel at the arrival? (happy, sad, exciting, guilty, shocked)2) What have you learned about Hiroshima and people (facts) there from this section?3) The writer was ironical and humorous. Find words and expressions that show them.Answers1) What do you know about the author? How did the writer feel at the arrival? (happy, sad, exciting, guilty, shocked)The author was here on a reportorial mission. It was not his first one. he was occupied with sad thoughts. He considered the bombing a crime. He was tortured by a guilty conscience. He did not understand Japanese.guilty, bitter, sad;had a lump in my throatI was choked with emotion; I was so overcome with emotion that I could not speak or think clearly. (a feeling of pressure caused by repressed emotion)had a lot of sad thoughts on my mind I was occupied with some sad thoughts.Have something in mind: remember; think of / plan to do e.g. Have you anyone in mind for the job? 对于这项工作, 你心中有什么人选? What do you have in mind to do with him? 对于他, 你打算怎么办?Have something on ones mindworried about 惦记, 忧虑 e.g. My mother must have something important on her mind. I know it from that look on her face. 我母亲心里一定在惦记什么重要事情.我从她脸上的表情可以看出来. Ive had my fathers illness on my mind all day. 我整天都为父亲的病情担忧. Have something/nothing/anything/little/much/ to do with - to be a(no) concern of, to be connected with e.g. whatever I do has nothing to do with you (very hurting words) The management of the college has much to do with our study here. The very act of -very + nounused to emphasize that something is exactly the right one or exactly the same one. e.g. Everyone says he is the very man we need for this job. most secret, these were his very words.Was I not at the scene of the crime?- (rhetorical question) usually asked only for effect, as to emphasize a point, no answer being expected.Preoccupations that I had Preoccupationa state of mind in which one thinks about something so much that he does not consider other things to be important. If someone is preoccupied, he is thinking a lot about something or someone, and so hardly notices other things. e.g She looks very preoccupied. 她看上去心事重重.martyred citya city that has been made to suffer. a martyris a person who is killed or made to suffer greatly, as a direct result of his or her religious or political beliefs, and therefore gives strength to people who share their beliefs. Martyred person or behavior people who often exaggerate their sufferings in order to get sympathy or praise from other people.2) What have you learned about Hiroshima and people (facts) there from this section?advanced in technology (rapid development after WWII, like Germany) the fastest train magnetic train (517m/hr) Japan and Germany an obvious conflict between western influences and the traditional customs, they exist side by side teenagers and womenin western dress, miniskirt (fashionable groups) little girls and elder ladies in kimonos (kids and old ones keep the tradition) narrow streets, tall buildings, expensive land, traditional houses on boats amid beige concrete skyscrapers serious-looking men, bowing to each other tourism atmosphere the cab-drivers behavior towards travelers knowing little of the way, avoid losing face, 3) The writer was ironical and humorous. Find words and expressions that show them. the use and function of seven littles in this section: little girls/ little bows/ little red telephones/know little of their city/ a little map/ little old Japan/ little floating house.(大日本帝国小日本) chauvinism(沙文主义)a strong, unreasonable belief that your own country is more important and morally better than other peoples. chauvinistic. Bobbed up and down repeatedly in little bows move up and down automatically the description of the cab-driver and the usher of the City Hall cab-driver: grinned; lurched from side to side sharp twists of the wheel; screeched to a halt; avoid the loss of face usher: heave a long, almost musical sigh. Ironyis a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. This form of irony is called verbal irony, in comparison with dramatic irony. Not every irony is of light and humorous type. More often it is used to veil feelings in a subtle way, using words of praise where condemnation is meant and vice versa. e.g. liveliest ci