透析中考英语书面表达考点.doc

毕业班英语研讨会交流材料书面表达剑阁县羊岭小学王春燕2011年4月透析中考英语书面表达命题特点与应答策略：书面表达题是测试考生语言操作能力和书面交流能力的题型，它能较全面地反映考生所掌握的语法知识、词汇知识、遣词造句和运用英语进行思维的水平。它符合英语新课程标准所体现的精神， “使学生掌握一定的基础知识和听、说、读、写技能，形成一定的综合语言运用能力；培养学生的观察、记忆、思维、想像能力和创造精神。”这有助于学生个性和创造性的充分发挥，把自己的观念和理念以所学的知识为载体，恰当切入到“书面表达”中去。 综观全国各省市中考英语试题，书面表达题这一题型已在各地中考英语试题中以1015分的分值出现。因此，它对学生的英语成绩起着举足轻重的作用。在2009年中考英语试题中，书面表达将在难度和赋值上有继续增加的趋势，且在命题上仍然保持与近几年相似的题型。 一、 中考英语“书面表达”题命题的常见题型 书面表达题属于限制性主观综合测试题的范畴，其命题的类型主要有： （ 1）提示作文。根据汉语提示写短文；根据英语提示写短文；根据中、英文提示写短文等；（2）看图作文。根据图画或图表提示写短文；（3）看图填词。根据图画提供的情景或图表提供的信息，填上所缺的单词，使短文意义正确、完整、通顺。看图作文、看图填词、提示作文这三种题型是中考英语书面表达题命题的重要类型，其测试目的就是要强化对学生“写”的要求：记牢词汇、熟悉句型、合理组句及逻辑成文。其中常见的体裁有：记叙文、描写文、说明文和应用文（包括书信、日记、通知、便条、贺卡、启事、电话留言条等）等，内容涉及与学生学习和生活紧密联系的话题和情景，诸如学校概况、购物、打电话、看病、问路、图书馆、运动会、旅游、个人信息等方面，以及与一些“时事热点”相关的话题，如：环境保护、旅游、北京奥运会、感恩等都将成为中考英语书面表达题关注的“焦点”，也必会成为中考中的“亮丽风景”。 【考点诠释】（一）看图填词 、仔细审图，理解题意。 在填词之前，应仔细看图，对每幅图中出现的每个环节认真研读，把握图中所显示的内涵，然后要认真跳读与图相配的短文，理解其中的文章大意，弄清图画中的人物、时间、地点、事件、内容、过程、结果等。明确图中的这些图示语言之后，学生可从中获取到短文的主要内容，为顺利做好题夯实基础。 、通读全文，了解大意。 在弄清图意之后，应将全文快速浏览一遍，以便于进一步明确全文大意，形成整体印象。同时，将原来得到的图示信息结合全文，予以呈现，有助于提高填词效率。 、确定词语，合乎逻辑。 根据获取到的图示语言和阅读全文所掌握的信息，图文对应，将图和短文有机地融会贯通起来，从而确定所填的词汇。在填词过程中，要瞻前顾后，因有的属于时态范畴；有的属于语态范畴；有的属于惯用法；有的属于固定句型。学生在填写过程中，所填的词汇既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确；既要使句子的文字通顺，又要确保句子的语义符合逻辑。 、图文对照，复核校对。 完成填词后，应对照图将全文细读一遍，看是否符合图意，单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法以及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。（二）看图作文 看图作文不同于看图填词，它要求根据图呈现的内容与所给的汉语提示或英语提示相结合来表达其内在涵义，描述图画或图表的内容，使短文达意、正确、连贯。 、理解图意，确立情景。 首先，应将所给的全部图画或图表连贯起来看，明确所给图画展示的是何种情景，诸如，商场购物、寻找失主、去某地参观旅游、介绍个人情况等，然后再根据汉语或英语的提示，以此确立文章的情景和内容，为下一步书面表达提供前提条件。 、明确时态，理顺思路。 对照图和提示的内容，确定短文大致需要何种时态，在此基础上，确定使用哪些词汇、句型、惯用法等等，这些都应围绕时态展开，以此来理顺一下写作时使用的语法和句法。这样，在头脑中才能形成脉络清晰、有条有序的写作思路，将图与图之间的内在联系，运用一定的语言逻辑连接起来，把形象生动的图像语言转化为文字语言。【应引起重视的几种呈现形式】 图片式 :单幅画：多幅画多幅图的可能是按顺序排列，也有可能要我们先排列，再写作。 （三）提示作文（命题作文） 提示作文也称之为提供材料作文，这种题型在要求上与看图填词和看图作文有所不同。看图作文和看图填词都是通过对图片的观察来获取语言素材的。而提示作文则不同，它要求根据汉语意思和英语提示词语，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑的英语文段。这种提示已将所要叙述的事情列出，并且有的提示给出了英语词汇、句型，只是要求学生根据所给的提示，利用合理的想象，运用一定的语言逻辑，使用正确的语法和句法，将整篇的文字用英语表达出来，切记要点不能漏掉。 、阅读提示，理顺思路。 做书面表达题要认真仔细地阅读有关的提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，它包含哪些情景、内容和要求，要明确题目有哪些要点，且要点必须齐备。要考虑用哪种体裁，是记叙文、说明文、还是应用文；属于应用文中的书信、日记、通知、启事，还是便条。用哪一个人称来表述（如日记应选择第一人称），选择什么时态。这样，思路才能条理清晰。 、紧扣要点，遣词造句。 依据试题的内容，列出要表达的要点，找出能体现要点的词、短语和句型，如果是应用文体，还应特别注意各种应用文的格式的恰当性。造句时应做到尽量使用考纲中 “四会”、“三会”要求的词汇，句子宜短不宜长，句型宜简不宜繁，也应适当插入一些类似宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句的复合句，以增强短文的逻辑性。尽可能学会套用现成的句式，拓宽遣词造句的思路，多运用一句多译，力求做到选用自己熟练掌握的句式组织语言。 、谋篇润色，核对检查。 这是做此类书面表达题的第三步，基本完成短文后，应注意句与句之间、段与段之间的过渡，在需要的地方加上表示转折、因果、并列、比较、时间的过渡词或短语，如表示时间的有： next, then, later, at last；表示转折的有：but, yet, however；表示因果的有：so, since, because，使文章更加自然、流畅，必要时可分段，也会使文章增色不少。 检查是书面表达不可缺少的重要环节。它可以及时纠正错误，避免不必要的失分，通读几遍文章，看行文是否通顺，要点是否齐全，词数是否符合要求，体裁是否恰当，大小写、标点符号是否正确。二. 训练方法1. 记。认真系统复习和背诵基础知识和优美的句子、句型。中国有句古话，叫“熟读唐诗三百首，不会吟诗也会作”。同样，要使自己具有较强的写作能力，首先应该熟读和背诵一些句型和短文。许多同学写出来的语言根本不符合英语的语言习惯，相当一部分人有对照中文逐字翻译的不良习惯，不去理会中英文的差异。大量的背诵和阅读是提高写作能力的有效办法，同学们若有大量的现成语言积累在脑海里，自己写起文段来，就可以做到脱口而出，或是模仿、套用，甚至发挥。2. 练。每练一篇书面表达题，都要真正学到一点东西，不可贪多而边学边忘。平时可以采用循序渐进、灵活多样的练习方式。从根据提示词写单句开始，到写单句，然后到写几句话，最后到写流利的文段。尽量尝试多种形式的写作，如短信、说明、通知、便条、明信片、看图写作、根据表格或记录写短文等。3. 写。要进行实战写作。要求自己在20分钟内写出100个词的短文，并且质量高、内容全、形式正确。这样形成习惯，考试时就能得心应手。 三. 应试策略. 1、审题目：要切中题意。中考考试说明指出，书面表达要切中题意。怎样才能切中题意？就是要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。2. 圈要点：防止遗漏要点。要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。3. 列提纲：为写作做好准备。根据文章要点短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词记下，形成提纲。 4. 定基调：定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。5. 写全文：写短文时要做到以下几个方面：A.开门见山，紧扣主题 。参观农场的日记：Last Sunday we visited West Hill Farm.关于度假：We had a happy holiday in Baoding last weekend. B.语言正确, 规范地道。 句型、结构，避免中国式英语。I spent 10 yuan buy the book. He by bike to school. 标点符号C.重短轻长, 就易避难。 以写正确、通顺为最基本要求。 D.过渡自然, 表达流畅。正确使用连词，保持行文的流畅。不重复使用可置换的词。1）表示并列关系的：and, as well as, or 2）表示转折关系的：but, yet, however 3）表示时间关系的：when, while, after, before, then, after that 4）表示因果关系的：so, therefore ,as a result5）表示目的的：in order to, in order that , so as to, so that 6）表示列举的：for example , such as 7）表示总结性的：in general, in all, in a word, generally speaking *描写人物时，要生动具体，例如：1）外表特征：tall, short, fat, thin, strong, weak, ordinary-looking2）服饰颜色：red, yellow, blue, white, green, brown, black3）内心境界：glad, happy, sad, excited, anxious, interested4）感情描写：love, like, hate, feel, laugh, cry, smile, shout5）动作描写：come, go, get, have, take, bring, fetchE.适当评论, 发表己见。How friendly they are! We can learn from them. They enjoyed themselves very much. What a happy family. F.不会表达，另辟蹊径。中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定，不以文采打分。造句越简单准确越好，造复合句容易出错，容易被扣分，阅卷场上有句话：“错误面前人人平等，文采好不加分”。如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达，可采用变通的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。总之，所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。6.成文之后 A. 一般语法项目的检查 人称: Mr. Green works hard, she is the best worker in their office.时态: One day, they are going to the island.主谓一致: Everyone in our class work hard. 习惯用法: He helps me in my English冠词用法： He is a honest student.B. 注意语序 (感叹句,疑问句,宾语从句)Jim works very hard. So does Jack. (前后主语非一人)A: Jim works very hard. B: So he does. (前后主语为一人)He didnt know where the bookshop was.The boys want to know how they should do it. C. 符合习惯 My work is very busy.Im very busy with my work. I very much like it.I like it very much.D.注意拼写、标点符号和大小写例如：receive, believe, fourteen, forty, ninth, restaurant等。D.注意拼写、标点符号和大小写收集信息，列出提纲开门见山抓住主题，描写细节发表己见，画龙点睛结尾有力仔细检查，认真抄写四、考题猜测：.环境问题：从2008年6月1日起，国家将禁止商家免费提供塑料袋，掀起全国“拒塑”的环保运动。假如你是李华，准备以“What Can We Do for the Environment” 为题，写一篇保护环境的英语演讲稿。内容包含：1.在购物时用布袋子替代塑料袋;2.尽可能地再利用使用过的课本;3.离开教室应关灯;4.最好走路或骑自行车上学;5.简述理由：保护环境，减少污染，节约能源等注意：1.词数：80词左右。开头和结尾已经为你写好，不计入总词数;2.可根据要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯;3.文章中不能出现真实姓名和校名，否则以零分处理。4.参考词汇：布袋子cloth bag塑料袋plastic bag保护protect能源energy污染pollutionWhat Can We Do for the EnvironmentHello, everyone. Im Li Hua. Its nice to speak about what we can do for the environment,and I think each of us can do a little bit to help with this problem._In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. I believe we can make the world a better place to live in.参考作文：What Can We Do for the EnvironmentHello, everyone. Im Li Hua. Its nice to speak about what we can do for the environment, and I think each of us can do a little bit to help with this problem.The first thing we can do is to use cloth bags in stead of plastic bags when we go shopping. It helps to protect the environment. The second thing we can do is to reuse(再利用) the old textbooks as possible as we can. We should also never forget to turn off the lights when we leave the classrooms in order to save energy. Whats more, it would be better if we walk or ride a bike to school. We should try our best to reduce pollution and waste.In fact, even the simplest everyday activities(日常活动) can make a real difference to(对有影响) the environment. I believe we can make the world a better place to live in.2、今天环境变得越来越糟糕,环境问题影响着人们的工作,学习,生活等,而我们的工作,生活,生产等又使环境污染越来越严重.,如何保护我们的环境?请以“ How to protect/save our environment/world? ”为题写一篇短文。提示：存在问题: 1.水污染越来越严重 2.砍伐森林严重 3. 大气污染严重 4. 白色垃圾等。要求：如何改善/保护环境? 至少:3-4个方面， 80字左右的。范文：How to protect/save our environment/world?The environmental pollution is worse and worse /more and more seriously today . Water is polluted ,we have no clean water to drink. Many trees are cutting down, some animals is getting less and less. Some factories is pouring(排出) dirty air into the sky , the population is increasing faster and faster , resources is getting less and lessetc. Not only does it affect our lives and health, it also has a great affection in the future. Peoples health has been greatly affected by air, noise and water pollution. Many people died of diseases. In order to live a better life, we need protect our world.We shouldnt throw away rubbish everywhere. We want to recycle(回收), reduce(减少), reuse(再利用) things . Dont waste things ,This saves money and reduces pollution. Use things for as long as possible. We dont use plastic bags . We mus plant more trees and stop the people cutting them. We hope our world will be more an d more beautiful 1、 假如你是China Daily 中学生版的记者，请根据下面材料写篇报道。背景：这所学校建于三年前，当时有数百名儿童因贫困而失学，后来人们为“希望工程 (Hope Project)”捐款200余万元，当地政府用这笔款项兴建了这所学校。现状： 教师60人，学生900人，教学楼内有18个教室，另有1，200平方米的操场，微机室，语音室，图书馆各一个。这所学校已远近闻名，学生们都很努力，因为是希望工程给了他们学习的机会。Passage 72 紧张忙碌的初中生活即将结束，你一定想好好放松一下。你将怎样度过一个既充实又有意义的假期呢？谈谈你的打算。请用英语写下来。要求：语言规范，字迹工整，意思完整。50-60个词。Passage 8 武汉请用英语表述以下内容。要点如下：本周六是王红的生日。许多同学将去她家参加生日聚会；王红爱好广泛，为人友善，经常帮父母做家务。一些同学打算向父母要钱，买礼物送给她。你对同学们花钱买礼物一事的看法及理由。要求：、不要逐条翻译；、字数：。_Passage 9重庆随着阳光体育运动在全国的开展，每天锻炼一小时，健康工作50年，幸福生活一辈子。” 的理念深入人心，校园里出现了可喜的变化：运动时间延长了，运动项目增加了，学生体质增强了，校园生活丰富了。请以Sports in Our School为题给校刊写一篇报道。内容要点提示： 1. time for sports 2. kinds of sports 3. change of students health and study4. change of school life要求：180词左右，可适当发挥。2. 文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称等相关信息。Sports in Our School_Passage 1One possible version：Chinese Seal-Dancing Beijing The Olympic emblem(奥运会徽)for the 2008 Olympic Games was shown to the public in Beijing ,August 3,2003The emblem，named “Chinese Seal-Dancing Beijing”，was designed as a Chinese seal with the words “Beijing 2008”written belowThe Chinese word “Jing” meaning Beijing，appears on the sealIt looks like a lively dancer opening his arms to the worldThe seal is red，an important colour for the Chinese people，and red also represents good luck I think Dancing Beijing” will attract more and more people from around the world toBeijing and Beijing will open its arms to people from all over the world in 2008Passage 2My name is Wu WenIm in Class 5，Grade 3Im very brave，outgoing and easygoingI like traveling and making friends a lotMy favorite sport is basketball and I am very good at itI enjoy reading English novels wellIn I won the first prize in the school English competition I really want to be a student guide for the American friendsId like to show them around our school and visit Changsha My e-mall address is mmwuwenhotmailcomPassage 3One possible version :“ Millions of young students nationwide sports sunshine ” launched on April 29 , . The teachers and students in our school were organized to watch the launching ceremony together first , and then we went to the playground to have one-hour sports activities , such as running , doing exercises and playing basketball . I felt very good after having some sports . I think it is a good way to build up our body strength . Sports can also let brains have a rest so that our study will be more effective . To do physical exercises and hour a day will make us happy a whole life , so I will keep on doing it . I hope more and more people will join us in sports activities .Passage 4One possible version：Dear Editor， Recently I made a survey about the use of the electronic dictionaryMy classmates think that the electronic dictionary is useful，convenient and it can help to save time looking up the wordsThe parents also think the electronic dictionary is easy to carry and most families can afford itBut my English teacher doesntt think we should use it，because shehe thinks its explanations for the words are too simpleI suppose the electronic dictionary will make US lazy and we shouldntt use itPassage 5One possible version:Li Huas father works in another city, so Li hua has to take care of his sick mother after school. He hurt his foot yesterday. The doctor said he has to stay at home for two weeks. I will help him. Ill go to Li Huas home to tell him the homework and what we learn in class. Explain the difficult points and answer his questions. I can also do some housework for him, such as do some cleaning house, washing some clothes and cooking. I hope he will get well soon. I m sure Li Hua wont fall behind.Passage 6One possible version: ALadies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? There is going to be an English evening by Students Union in Room 316 Meeting Room at seven on Saturday, May 29. During the party, you will enjoy programmes, such as songs, dances, stories and plays. Anyone who wants to take part in it, please go to Room 205 Office Building for tickets. Thank you. BThe school was built three years ago. Before that hundreds of children couldnt go to school because they were very poor. Later the local government was offered over two million yuan by people for “Hope Project”. Thus the school came into being. Now there are sixty teachers and nine hundred pupils in this school. You can see the bright teaching-building with eighteen classrooms, a computer room, a sound lab and a library. In front of the building pupils can play on the playground with a size of 1,200 square meters The school has been well-known in the nearby area. The students there Study very hard because they all know that it is “Hope Project” that has given Them the chance to go to school.Passage 7One possible versionAfter three years study, I feel very tired. This is a good chance to plan my summer holiday. First I want to travel to Beijing to relax myself. Beijing is the capital of our country. And there are many place of interest there. For example, the Palace Museum, the Summer Palace and so on. I have never been to the great wall before, so Ill visit it first. Then Id like to visit Tsinghua University because I want to study there some day .After that, I want to go over my lessons in order to make great progress. I believe my dream will come true.Passage 8One possible versionWang Hong is a friendly girl and has a lot of hobbies. She often helps her parents with the