2010届高考英语定语从句用法归纳.doc

2010届高考英语定语从句用法归纳 定语从句用法归结一、何谓定语？所谓定语，就是对名词或代词起修饰、说明、限制作用的成分。英语中主要有单词、短语、句子作定语。eg:1、She is a beautiful girl.(单词) 2、There are only 200computers connected to the Internet.(短语) 3、There is a man lying outside the door. (短语) 4、She is a girl whom I love.(句子)注意：单个词作定语放在所修饰词的前面，短语或者句子作定语放在所修饰词的后面。二、何谓定语从句?像4中用一个句子作主句某一名词或代词的定语时，我们称该句子为定语从句。即定语从句在主句中作定语，该从句修饰主句中的一个名词或代词。其中被修饰的词（名词、词组、代词）称作先行词，定语从句一般出现在主句中先行词的后面。定语从句通常由一个引导词引导，引导词常放在先行词和定语从句之间。eg:He is the man who wants to see you .该句中He is the man是主句，who wants to see you为定语从句，the man为先行词。who为引导词，定语从句修饰主句中的先行词the man。三、引导词的分类 引导词引导定语从句，主要分为:关系代词who,whom,whose,that ,which等和关系副词when,where,why.等。四、定语从句的分类定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句所修饰的词代表一个或一类特定的人或事物，该种从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就没有了意义，不能说清楚问题。eg:He is the man who wants to see you .该从句为限制性定语从句，把定语从句去掉只剩下He is the man,没有任何意义。后面的定语从句是修饰限制前面的先行词的，使其具有一定的意义，故不能去掉。非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词做进一步说明、解释，使意思更加清晰明白，去掉之后其它部分（主句）仍然成立，仍然有意义。而且非限制性定语从句与主句之间有个明显标志：即用逗号将其隔开。eg:Mr Smith ,who was my first English teacher,retired last week.该句中的非限制性定语从句，去掉之后不影响主句的意义成立，但有了它，可使主句的意义更加清晰明白。五、定语从句中关系代词用法归结：在限制性定语从句，（1）、指人且作主语时用who/thateg: He is the man who wants to see you.(2）、指人且作宾语时用whom/that/省略eg: He is the man whom/ that Isaw yesterday.(3）、指人且位于介词后用whom，eg:This is tha man to whom I referred just now .(4）、指物用that/which.eg:This is the question which/that we have had so much discussion.about.(5)、指物且位于介词后用which.eg:This is the question about which/ we have had so much discussion.(6)、指人或物且作定语时用whoseeg:He is a boy whose name is Tom.在非限制性定语从句，（1）、指人且作主语时用whoeg: Mr Smith ,who was my first English teacher,retired last week(2）、指人且作宾语时用whomMary,whom I love,promoted last week.(3）、指物用whicheg:The house,which we bought last year,is very beautiful.(4）that永远不能引导非限制性定语从句eg:The house,that we bought last year,is very beautiful.(X)六、定语从句中引导词如何使用？使用原则：判断定语从句中的引导词使用关系代词还是关系副词，主要看定语从句中缺少什么成分，如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则使用关系代词，如果定语从句中缺少状语（时间、地点、原因），则使用关系副词。eg:1、I will never forget the days when we stayed together. 2、I will never forget the days thatwhich we spent together.分析：在1中，定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，明显缺少时间状语，故使用了引导词为关系副词when.,在2中，定语从句中缺少spent的宾语the days，而且同时又指物，故使用引导词为关系代词that/which.。 eg:3、Can you think of a situation where this word can be used? 4、Can you think of a situation which is similar to this one?分析：在3中，定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，明显缺少地点状语，故使用了引导词为关系副词where,在4中，定语从句中缺少主语，而且同时又指物，故使用引导词为关系代词that/which.。七、在定语从句中只使用which的情况归结：1、在非限制性定语从句中且指物时，eg:The house,which we bought last year,is very beautiful2、在介词后且指物时。eg This is the village in which I was born.3、先行词本身为that时，eg：The clock is that which tells the time.八、在定语从句中只使用that的情况归结：1、先行词为序数词（含last）或数词或最高级时或者被这些词修饰时。eg：The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan,Look at these flowers,you can see the two that you gave me.2、先行词为all 、everything、 nothing、 much、 little、 anything、 none 、few、 the one 、only 、any、 no、 one of 等或者被这些词修饰时，eg:The good man was trying to teach us all that he hnew in this lesson.3、先行词既有人又有物时，eg；They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they rememberedin school.4、先行词分别被the very ,the only 等修饰时，eg:He was the very person that I was looking for all these days.5、在含有疑问代词which或who的疑问句中，eg:Who is tha man that you are talking about?九、as 和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别归纳总结：主要遵循以下原则;1、as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首、句中、句尾，而which只能放在句中、句尾。即which在引导非限制性定语从句时不能放在句首。2、as引导的非限制性定语从句时常用来指代主句的全部内容，而which指代主句的全部内容或部分内容。3、as引导的非限制性定语从句时常译为”正如”“正像，而 which则常译为“这”。4、若主句、从句的句意不一致或者从句对主句内容起反对、排斥、否定等作用时，常用which，而句意一致时，则用as.eg As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.Tom was admitted into the college, as we had expected.The earth, as is known to all,is round.I gave him a New Year Card, which he enjoyed very much.She was mar