一对一初二英语下简单句的基本句型.doc

个性化教学辅导教案 学科：英语（下） 任课教师： 授课时间： 姓名年级 八年级性别总课时 教学目标1. 复习上一次课的内容，并讲解上一次课的习题；2. 句子的成分；3. 简单句的六种基本句型。难点重点教学重点：简单句的六种基本句型；教学难点：简单句的六种基本句型。课堂教学过程 课前 教学反馈 检查作业布置安排：作业完成情况：优 良 中 差 建议任课教师反馈情况：过程简单句的基本句型课前检测一 讲解上一次课的习题。二 朗读Module 6的课文、单词、词组。（看书本和资料）三 默写Module 6的单词、词组。扇子n. _ 邮票n. _ 使整齐；使整洁_隔板；架子n. _ 看一看_ 作为；当prep. _硬币n. _ 纸币n. _ 英镑n. _美元_ 一定；肯定v. _有价值的adj. _用prep. _ 价值 n. _只是；仅仅adv. _人n. _ 兴趣；爱好n. _技能；技艺n. _活动n. _ 航海；航行n. _ 出版；问世_结果；后果n. _ 结果；因此_愉悦；快乐n. _成功；成就n. _ 占用_ 对感兴趣_长大成人 _ 培养你的兴趣_ 照顾动物_句子成分一. 组成句子的成分叫句子成分。二. 在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系, 按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。三. 句子成分由词或词组充当。 四. 英语的基本成分有七种：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语。（一）主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）（二）谓语1. 谓语是说明主语的动作或状态。 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。一般放在主语之后。 2. 谓语必须和主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致。3. 谓语一般是由动词或连系动词+表语充当。His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）We study hard. （行为动词作谓语）We dont finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语1. 宾语表示动作、行为的对象。 2. 只有及物动词可带宾语，有些不及物动词加上介词或副词后也可带宾语。一般放在谓语之后。 3. 由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或句子充当。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him.（代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）（四）宾语补足语在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。如：They make her happy.（形容词）I see her dance.（不定式）Well help you to make the Olympics a success.（名词）Please let him in.（副词）We heard her singing a song.（分词短语）（五）表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在be动词和系动词后面。 如：I am a teacher.（名词）He is always happy.（形容词）They are on the playground now.（介词短语）It gets cold. It sounds interesting. We should all remain careful. （形容词）（六）定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：The black bike is mine.（形容词） Whats your name?（代词）They make paper flowers.（名词）（七）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 如：He did it carefully.（副词）We often help him.（副词）Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介词短语）When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语）He sits there.（副词地点状语） 简单句六种基本句型句子成分都由单词或短语担任，且只有一个主谓结构的句子叫做简单句。初中阶段我们需要重点掌握简单句的六种基本句型及其主要用法。一、S + V（主语不及物动词）（SubjectIntransitive Verb）这种句型简称为主谓结构。不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，常见的不及物动词，如come, go, listen, climb, move, jump, laugh, sit, stay, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。如：They are running.他们在跑步。剖析：在此句中，谓语动词是不及物动词，不必加宾语就可表达一个完整的、明确无误的意思。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等，可以带副词、介词短语等状语修饰动词，但状语不算句子的主要成分。例如：The students are playing under the tree.学生们正在树下玩耍。句中the students是主语，are playing是谓语动词，介词短语under the tree作地点状语，修饰动词，说明动作发生的地点，但不是句子的主要成分。二、S + V + P（主语系动词表语）（SubjectLink VerbPredicative）系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质、特点或状态等。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。如：All her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋友现在都在门外。The milk turned sour. 牛奶变酸了。三、S + V + O（主语及物动词宾语）（SubjectTransitive VerbObject）及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。常见的及物动词有：like, finish, enjoy, want, play, make, help, take, read, tell, teach, do等。如：Hes having lunch. 他正在吃午餐。I prefer standing. 我宁愿站着。He promised to lend me some books. 他答应借给我几本书。四、S + V + IO + DO（主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语）（SubjectVerb Indirect ObjectDirect Object）有些及物动词，如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write, buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get 等可以带双宾语，一个宾语指人，称为间接宾语；另一个指物，称为直接宾语。及物动词带双宾语通常有以下两种结构：1. 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语2. 及物动词+直接宾语+to / for+间接宾语如： He told me a story yesterday.他昨天给我讲了个故事。剖析：在这类句型中，谓语动词要带两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，所以该句型也称为：主语及物动词双宾语。在该句型中，间接宾语为及物动词这个动作所涉及到的人（如上句中的me），直接宾语指及物动词这个动作的直接对象（如上句中的a story）。【温馨提示】构成“主语及物动词直接宾语介词间接宾语”的句式。某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，这类动词有give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。如：Can you lend us your car? 你能把车借给我们吗？Can you lend your car to us?某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，这类动词有buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。如：My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔给我买了一块表。My uncle bought a watch for me.五、S + V + O + OC（主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语）（SubjectVerbObjectComplement）有些及物动词加上宾语后，它的意思表达还是不完整，这就需要再加上一个补足语来使句子的意思完整。宾补的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、V-ing形式等充当。在感官动词see, hear, watch, look at, listen to, feel, notice等及使役动词make, let, have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时，该不定式符号to应省去。如：Please dont call me Lucy. 请不要叫我露西。I found the box empty. 我发现箱子是空的。The teacher told us to do some exercises. 老师要我们做一些练习题。We often hear her sing songs in her room.我们经常听见她在房间里唱歌。【温馨提示】在动词宾语后面跟着的是直接宾语还是宾语补足语，可由前面的宾语与其关系来判断：若宾语与其后的部分不存在逻辑上的主谓关系，则该动词后跟的是双宾语；若宾语和其后的部分有逻辑上的主谓关系，则该动词后跟的是复合宾语。试比较：Mother will cook us something English this evening.妈妈今晚将为我们做些英国食物。（us和something不存在主谓关系，此处为双宾语结构）We call that boy Tom.我们叫那个男孩汤姆。（That boy is Tom.合乎逻辑，即宾语that boy与Tom存在主谓关系，故此处为复合宾语结构）六、there be句型there be句型主要用来表示“某地有某物或某人”。如果be动词后面有两个或两个以上的主语，be动词的选用需要遵循“就近原则”。如：There is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本书和一支钢笔。课堂练习一. 说出划线部分的句子成分。1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town.3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on the blue bike is Janes sister.6. She didnt come to my party because she was ill.7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We will go to the Childrens Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom.10. It sounds good.二用公式标出下面简单句的类型。 1. Anna speaks Russian. _2. Daddy bought Tom a new dictionary. _3. Kate calls her cat Mimi. _4. Polly laughed. _5. Lily felt cold. _ 6. The picture looks beautiful. _7. Jim brought me my English books. _8. It is dangerous. _9. You must wait. _10. Mr Green cant keep the house tidy. _三. 选择正确答案。 ( ) 1Look ! There _ some apples in that tree. A is B was C are D were ( ) 2. The ground must be just right _ too wet _ too dry. A. either; or B. both; and C. between; and D. neither; nor ( ) 3. He _ coffee at all. He _ tea. A. doesnt like, prefers B. likes, doesnt prefer C. would like, not prefers D. prefers, is not food of ( ) 4. We _ happy about the price of meat. A. dont B. are not C. wont D. werent being ( ) 5. I _ trouble finding the place. A. didnt have many B. havent a great deal of C. didnt have much D. hadnt a lot of ( ) 6. _ of us likes the film. A. Both B. All C. Neither D. Some ( ) 7. They _ lunch at home every day. A. have not B. didnt have C. dont have D. have not any ( ) 8. They are _ young _ carry the box onto the table. A. enough; too B. too; to C. so; to D. very; to ( ) 9. The two girls are only two years old. This girl is _ than that one. A. not taller B. as tall C. so tall D. more taller ( ) 10. Some apples are _ than these oranges. A. not bigger B. big C. small D. much big 课后巩固一单项选择( ) 1. There _ ice on the road last week.A. was B. were C. will be D. are( ) 2. There _ a football match on the playground this afternoon.A. will have B. is going to have C. is have D. is going to be( ) 3. There _ to be something wrong with him.A. is B. was C. seems D. are( ) 4. There will be enough food for everybody, _?A. wont it B. wont there C. isnt it D. arent there( ) 5. There _ more than two hundred people killed in road accidents since last month.A. was B. were C. have been D. are( ) 6. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. Youd better _.A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait ( ) 7. It _ outside. I have to stay at home.A. rain B. is raining C. rained D. has rained( ) 8. Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? Yes, I did. My uncle _ in the match.A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. will play( ) 9. What did your father say just now? Sorry, I dont know. I _ on the phone.A. am talking B. talk C. was talking D. have talked( ) 10. You _ first and I _ behind.A. go; was followingB. will go; follow C. will go; followedD. go; will follow( ) 11. On Sunday I often stay at home and do some _. A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read ( ) 12. My mother often asks me _ early. A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up( ) 13. The teacher told her students _ in public. A. not to shout B. didnt shout C. not shout D. to not shout ( ) 14. The teacher told the boy _ late again . A. to not be B. not be C. not to be D. to be ( ) 15. He talked _ fast for us _ catch up with. A. so ,that B. such ,that C. enough , to D. too, to( ) 16. The man downstairs found _ very difficult to get to sleep. A. them B. that C. what D. it ( ) 17. Chinese _ by many people in the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. is speaking D. spoke( ) 18. Whats your mother? _. A. She is a worker. B. She is nice. C. She is cooking supper. D. She works in a shop. ( ) 19. May I use your bike? _. Its broken. A. Yes, please. B. Im afraid not. C. sure D. No, thanks. ( ) 20. _is your mother today? She is much better.A. How B. What C. Where D