There句型小议.doc

There 句型小议 There 句型是中学阶段重点句型之一，要求学生熟练掌握并且能够灵活运用。中学阶段其基本内容如下：句式I. There be+主语 这种句式表示事物的客观存在,There be放在句首,而把真正的主语放在后面,可以用来表示现在时、过去时、完成时和将来时。例如: There is a boy on the playground. 操场上有个男孩。 There was ice on the lake last week. 上星期湖上结了冰。 句式II. There be+数字(some, any, no)+名词 这种句式常用来表示有多少人或物,以及没有东西、时间、问题等。例如: There are six people there. 那里有六个人。 句式III. There be+复合不定代词(somebody, anything等) 当句子主语是:somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything或nothing时,常用there be来引导。例如: There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。 句式IV. There be+名词+分词 这种句式中分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词,而且这种句式可以用主语+be+分词这一结构来代替。例如: There is a boy playing with a puppy in the yard. ( = A boy is playing with a puppy in the yard.) 一个男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩耍。 There has been more money spent on clothes than on food. (=More money has been spent on clothes than on food.)花在衣服上的钱比花在食物上的钱还多。句式V. There be+名词+动词不定式 这种句式中的及物动词(动词不定式)也可改成被动式, 意为(没)有要做。例如: There is a lot of work to do (to be done). 有许多工作要做。 There was no time to wait for you. 没有时间再等你了。句式VI. There is+no+动名词 这种句式可与It is impossible+动词不定式替换,意为无法做某事。例如: There is no stopping him. (=It is impossible to stop him.)无法阻止他。 There is no guessing what will happen. 无法猜到将会发生什么。句式VII. There is(no) need for+名词 该句式意为(不)需要。例如: There is no need for anxiety. 不需要担心。 There is a great need for a book on this subject. 非常需要有一本关于这个题目的书。句式VIII. There is no need+动词不定式 例如: There is no need for him to come. 不需要他来了。 There is no need (for you) to start yet. (你)现在还没有必要动身。句式IX. There is no use+动名词 该句式可与It is no use+动名词互换,意为无用(无济于事)。例如: There is no use waiting any longer.(=It is no use waiting any longer.) 再等下去是没有用的。 There is no use(in) offering the olive branch now. 现在想和解也无济于事了。句式X. There is nothing to do 该句式与There is nothing to be done. 含义不同。前者意为:无事可做,后者意为没有办法。试比较: There is nothing to do-Im bored. 无事可做-我感到闷得慌。(=There is nothing to entertain me.) 没有什么活动来消遣。 There is nothing to be done-well have to buy another one. 没有办法-我们只好另外买一个了。(= There is no way off putting it right.)由there be构成的一些固定句型在英语中很活跃，需很好地掌握。常见的有： There is no point in v-ing：没道理，没用，没必要 There is no use（in）v-ing：毫无用处 There is no sense in v-ing：毫无道理 There is no need to v：没有必要 There is no v-ing：不可能，无法。 例如： There is no use in hiding that fact from him 对他隐瞒那个事实没什么用。 There is no point in arguing further再争下去也没用。 Is there any point in going on？有必要再继续下去吗？ There was no need for him to remain in Shanghai他没有必要再留在上海。 There was no sense in making a child suffer like that让一个孩子受那样的苦是毫无道理的。 There was no mistaking his intentions this time这回不可能看错他的意图。 Once let this fellow start talking，there was no stopping him一旦让这个家伙谈起来，就无法让他停下来了。 八、there be no 主语名词的习惯用法。 1V-ing分词在there be no结构中作主语，表示不可能、无法。例如： There is no denying the fact that China is still a developing country There is no joking about such matters There is no telling what will happen to him next 2there is no point V-ing分词，表示没有必要，无用，没有意义，没有用处。例如： We are disappointed with the new officer elected in our bridge club，but thereis no point worrying about it 3there is no use V-ing分词，表示无用，没有意义，没有用处。例如： There is no use advising him to give up smoking 4there is no good V-ing分词，表示无用，没有意义，没有用处，没有益处。例如： There is no good discussing the matter with such a fool 九、在由there be 主语名词引起的句子中，修饰主语的情况。 1在由there be 主语名词引起的句子中，用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式，也可以用主动形式。例如： There is no time to lose to be lost There are still many things to take care of to be taken care of 在口语中多用主动形式。但是有时候两种形式可能表示不同的意思。试比较： There is nothing to do now（We have nothing to do now） There is nothing to be done now（We can do nothing now） There is nothing to see（nothing worth seeing） There is nothing to be seen（nothing there at all） 1.There are a few simple safe measures _ (fellow ) while training.2.There is nothing _ (do) tomorrow.3.In China, there is only 7% of the land _ (use) for growing crops, which feeds