初中英语被动语态讲解.doc

初中英语被动语态讲解 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一、被动语态的构成 英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化。例如：The man was fooled by the two boys. The book has been translated into several languages.二、被动语态的用法（1）动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如： Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. The new test book will be used next term.（2）当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。例如：This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop. The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.（3）含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to 或for。例如：The pianist gave the pupils(间接宾语)some advice(直接宾语) The pupils were given some advice by the pianist. Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.(4)在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。例如：The boss made them work ten hours a day. They were made to work ten hours a day. A boy saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house.三、被动语态的时态初中英语教材中出现了五种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。一般现在时 构成：助动词be + 动词的过去分词 例如：This kind of car is made in shanghai. 一般过去时 构成：助动词was/were + 动词的过去分词 例如：The bridge was built in 1992.现在进行时 构成：be + being + 动词的过去分词 例如：A new bridge is being built in my hometown.过去进行时 构成：was/were + being + 动词的过去分词 一般将来时 构成：will/be going to do + be + 动词的过去分词 例如：These books are going to be posted tomorrow.过去将来时 构成：would/was(were )going to do + be + 动词的过去分词现在完成时 构成：助动词have/has + been + 动词的过去分词 例如：Has his work been finished?过去完成时 构成：助动词had + been + 动词的过去分词带有情态动词的被动语态 构成：情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词 例如：Can this walkman be repaired here?主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词（通常是介词for或to)。在短语see sb. do sth. 中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see, hear,watch,find等，以及使役动词make, let等。第3节 巩固练习.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:1、We often use a recorder in our English class.2、They will show a new film next week.3、When did they build the house?4、I saw the boy enter the room.5、Will they show a new film next week?6、Have they posted the letter yet?7、We often see him help his classmate.8、You must turn off the light before you go to be.d9、Who is repairing the bike?10、The student should learn all the texts by heart.选择填空:1. The reading room _ yesterday afternoon. A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned2. The workers were made _ ten hours a day. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked3. Food _ in a cool place in summer. A. must keep B. mustnt keep C. must be kept D. mustnt be kept4. His father _ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago. A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent5. The pen _ well. A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing6. Great changes _ in the town since 1988.A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. has taken place D. has been taken place7. Our compositions must _ next Monday.A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in8. The child will _ back to his parents next month. A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending9. _ his work _ yet? A. havebeen finished B. has been finished C. has finished D. havefinished10. The classroom _ now. A. is cleaning B. is being cleaning C. is being cleaned D. is cleaned.用适当时态和语态的动词填空:1、Can he _ (speak) English? 2、What language _ (speak) in that country?3、The film _ (show) many times since last Sunday. 4、These TV sets _ (make) in Sichuan.5、It has got so dark. Would you please _ (turn) on the light?6、A new hospital _ (build) in this area now. 7、_ the book _ (return).8、Rice _ (grow) in the south. 9、The window _ (not break) by the boy.10、I _ (tell) he _ (not come) just now.第十一讲 Unit 11 When was it invented?重点单词I. 根据汉语提示写出单词1. 发明；创造 2. 加热；使变热 3. 酸的；酸味的 4. 古代的；古老的 5. 留下；被遗留；剩余；保持不变 6. 注意到；察觉到 7. 生产；制造；产生 8. 合意的；令人愉快的；讨人喜欢的 9. 馅饼 10. 投；掷 11. 味道；风味 12. 世纪；百年 13. 活动的；活泼的；积极的 14. 敲；击；碰撞 15. 分开；划分 16. 金属 17. 在的下面；低于 18. 向着；朝着 19.（使）发展；（使）成长；（使）发达 20. 上升；达到较高的水平等 II. 根据英语单词写出汉语1. calculator 2. adjustable 3. operate 4. slipper 5. crispy 6. salty 7. chef 8. beverage 9. legend 10. bush 11. notice 12. mixture 13. lemon 14. cookie 15. abacus 16. indoors 17. wooden 18. aim 19. shoot 20. guide 21. popularity 22. worldwide 重点短语I. 把下面的短语译成英语1. 用来做 2. 电灯泡 3. 微波炉 4. 错误地 5. 偶然地；意外地 6. 根据；按照 7. 一股宜人的气味 8. 这样 9. 在二十世纪五十年代 10. 把分开 11. 与相撞 12. 的数量 巩固应用I. 根据句意及汉语提示，用短语的适当形式填空1. I have paid this bill twice （错误地）.2. The man （掉进）a huge hole and hurt his legs badly.3. He walked in the dark and (撞) a tree.4. (这样), we can work out the problems easily.5. My pen (由制作)metal and plastic.练习题I. 单项填空1. The bridge by the farmers themselves in 1982.A. builtB. was builtC. buildD. was build2. All the books will to the children who live in the small village.A. be sentB. sentC. be sendD. send3. My mother told me that my homework must on time.A. finishB. be finishC. be finishedD. finished4. The police found the lost car . A. with mistake B. by accidentC. by mistake D. in accident5. Its used for clearly in the dark. A. seeing B. seeC. looking D. look6. Jack leave his teacher comes back.A. doesnt；until B. ；untilC. wont；D. wont；until7. The girl some flowers into the tea so the tea wonderful. A. threw；drank B. sprinkled；tastedC. threw；tasted D. sprinkled；drank8. English is used the first language in New Zealand.A. for B. byC. as D. to9. When I passed by the park，I noticed the children basketball there. A. play B. to playC. playing D. played10. it is a small restaurant，the food here is delicious.A. Because B. SinceC. However D. AlthoughIII. 阅读理解1990 was a significant year in world events. In February，Nelson Mandela was set free after 27 years in prison. In October, East and West Germany became one country again. Then at the end of 1990，the World Wide Web was born. For this final event we have one man to thank，Tim Berners-Lee, the father of the Web.Berners-Lee was born on June 8, 1955 in London，England. His parents，both computer designers，encouraged him to think and work creatively as he grew up. He was an excellent student and naturally took an interest in computers and science.After graduating from Oxford University, Tim went to work at a science research centre in Switzerland. There be developed some of the different systems that would later become the Web. The first was HTML，the computer language used to make web pages. The second was an address system that let computers anywhere find each other and send and receive information. In 1990, while still at the science centre in Switzerland，he put them together to make the first Internet browser(游览器). It could run on any computer and allowed people to create then share their information with the rest of the world.Tim knew that the more people used the Web，the more useful it would be. He wasnt interested in money but knowledge，so he gave out his invention for free to anyone who was interested. Many were interested and the growth of the Internet began.Today Tim works as a professor at the MIT in America，researching new and interesting ways to use the Web. He has received many awards from governments and organizations for his efforts. He is still not very interested in money. That is why he is so admired by his students and workmates. It may also be one of the reasons that few people outside the world of technology know his name.1. The underlined word “significant” most probably means“ ”.A. strange B. terribleC. important D. difficult2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. The address system was used to make make web pages. B. The World Wide Web was created in Switzerland.C. The fist web browser was very expensive to buy.D. Many people could use the Internet before 1990.3. What can we learn about Berners-Lee from the passage