高一英语写作精讲精练.doc

高一英语写作真题讲义自我介绍fred-fried课程介绍：全部选用各个省市、中学高一英语期中、期末考试试题，真题难度和高一英语程度相符，具有测试效度；试卷来自全国各地，题目形式、要求各不相同，差异有助于了解总体趋势；高一英语写作试题主要形式有单词填空、句子翻译、短文改错、书面表达。一共接触10套试卷的写作题目，书面表达题约有11道，其中有详细讲解考场解题步骤，平时训练写作步骤，各种文体写作技巧和要求，如何用词，如何造句，如何连接，如何构思等，并全部给出范文，供学生参考。第一课 北京市海淀区2005-2006学年上学期高一英语期末试题单词拼写题技巧：1、 读懂句子意思，根据语境大胆猜测；2、 根据句子语法结构，判断所填词语词性，再进行猜测；3、 根据词性，将首字母与元音、辅音字母分别结合，由此进一步猜测所填词语。第四部分：写作（共两节 满分25分）第一节、单词拼写（共10小题，10分） 71. Having being at war for several years, the people of Israeli（以色列）and Palestine（巴勒斯坦）want nothing but p_. 72. Tom made an a _ to me for breaking my DVD player. 73. It isnt good manners for students to i_ teachers when they are giving a lesson. 74. The Los Angeles Lakers d_ the Miami Heat 105-98 last time. 75. Five of us went to the Christmas party, i_ my e-pal and me. 76. The fire started in a restaurant, and it soon s_ all over the town. 77. America used to be ruled by Britain. It didnt become i_ until the year 1776. 78. People throw rubbish and wastes into the river every day. The water in the river has been seriously p_. 79. My mother was not s_ with the color of the dress so she didnt buy it. 80. In case of an e_ we can use a cell phone to call for help.单词拼写： 71. peace72. apology 73. interrupt74. defeated 75. including76. spread 77. independent78. polluted 79. satisfied80. emergency书面表达介绍：书面表达题通常都是指导性写作（guided writing）的形式，体裁和题材多属于与日常交际及日常学习生活内容有关的议论文、记叙文、说明文、应用文等。这些试题对写作的目的、内容、体裁及长度（字数）等都有明确的规定，写作的内容则以文字、图画等形式来提供。这种题目的特点是：1不能字对字翻译。要求考生不能根据考题所提供的内容逐字逐句地翻译，而是把考题所提供的信息用合适的方式表达出来，只要内容完整、语言连贯、表达通顺、恰当得体即完成了任务。其实“书面表达”比逐句翻译更灵活，考生可以扬长避短，选用自己掌握的最有把握的较复杂语言结构或较高级的词汇，并有效地使用恰当的连词，使全文结构紧凑，做到这一点，才算是完全完成了表达任务。2“书面表达”不是命题作文。把“书面表达”说成是英语作文是不妥当的，它不允许考生脱离题意，任意借题发挥，它要求考生只抓所给信息的要求和实质，用自己熟悉的语言进行表达。如何写好书面表达1仔细审题、抓住要点。审题是解题的核心，书面表达的审题要注重两个方面：一是“内容”；二是“结构”。内容，即写什么；“结构”就是大纲，层次，段落，就是列提纲，即整理需要表达的内容。2注意语言形式和词语、句型的选择。写作过程中要灵活运用所学词汇、语法和句型来组织语言。尽量使用你最熟悉、最有把握的句型。遇到生疏的词句要灵活变通。例如：要表达“听到这个消息，他非常高兴。”When he heard the news, he was very gladHearing the news, he was/ felt very happy.He was wild with joy at the newsHe was glad to hear the newsHe was glad at the news3安排表达的层次和顺序，注意表达的准确性、连贯性，要符合英语习惯。4认真检查，进行修改和润色。一篇短文写完后，一定要认真检查，看其内容是否完整，要点是否有遗漏，主体是否符合要求，并且要检查单词的拼写及大小写、短语的运用，语法、句型结构的准确性，以及标点符号使用的规范性，避免不必要的失分。 第二节、书面表达（满分15分） 云雾山是一处旅游胜地，每日有大量游客。几年前少数游客不注意保护环境。现在大有改观。请你根据以下要点写一篇作文。 注意： 1. 开头以为你写好。 2. 字数：120字左右The Yunwu Mountain is a place of interest. 分析题目：审题-审文体、人称、时态、内容、结构、词数本文为记叙文，写事为主，第三人称，一般过去时和一般现在时搭配，内容是几年前少数游客在观赏云雾上时的行为和现在游客的表现，结构上分为两大部分：过去和现在；详略安排上，两部分平均分配；100-140。要点思考：每日有大量游客There are many tourists every day.Every day crowds of/ large numbers of tourists come (to visit) here.几年前少数游客不注意保护环境Several years ago, a few visitors didnt pay any attention to protecting the environment here. to environmental protectiontake no notice of/ paid no attention to乱扔废纸、塑料袋、罐头盒In the past, they threw away waste paper, plastic bags, and cans/ tins.杀害动物、捕捉飞鸟They killed/ hunted animals and caught birds.砍伐树木、采摘花草They cut down trees and picked up flowers.在丛林中生火烧饭They lit a fire and cooked meals in the forest.They made a fire to in order to cool meals in the forest.现在的游客带走垃圾“在这吃还是带走”for here or to go/ eat here or take away?Nowadays, the tourists will take away the rubbish/ garbage/ trash with them.不再打猎They no longer hunt animals.爱护动物They begin to take good care of/ cherish the animals.自带午餐，以防森林火灾They take lunch by themselves in order not to cause forest fire. to prevent forest fire.没有任何调整，这些只是散乱的句子；只有意思通顺、语义连贯才能称得上是文章Every day, lots of tourists come here. Several years ago, a few visitors didnt pay much attention to the environmental protection and made a lot of mistakes. Some people used to throw waste paper, plastic bags, and cans everywhere. Others would pick up the flowers, cut down trees and even cook meals over an open fire. This was rather dangerous. Worst of all, they killed animals and caught birds, the number of which reduced quickly at that time.However, things have changed a lot nowadays. Many visitors bring lunch with them, and take the rubbish away, and this will surely help prevent forest fires. They no longer go hunting, and on the contrary, they attach more love and care to the animals. Its hoped more people will realize it and do our best to protect the environment here.Attach much importance to sth.范文赏析 The Yunwu Mountain is a place of interest. Every day a large number of visitors pay a visit there. Several years ago, some visitors paid no attention to the environmental protection. They not only threw away waste paper, plastics and cans at will, but also cut down trees and picked flowers. Sometimes they even killed animals and caught birds for fun. Worse still, they often made a fire to cook, which could easily cause a big fire. To our joy, nowadays people have realized the importance of protecting the environment. When visiting the mountain, they take away the rubbish, and protect the plants and animals. They also take along food with them in order not to cause forest fire.北京一零一中学高一英语期中试题第四部分 写作（共两节 满分25分）第一节 单词拼写 （共5小题，5分） 71. In summer, people wear raincoats to p_ themselves from the rain. 72. Many people keep dogs as pets because dogs are regarded to be l_ to people. 73. Many houses were d_ in the floods, but nobody died. 74. Nothing can s_ without sunshine and water. 75. Hong Kong, which was s_ from the mainland so long, returned to China on July 1st, 1997.71. protect 72. loyal 73. destroyed 74. survive 75. separated 第二节 书面表达I （满分20分） 请根据所给材料，以Getting to Know Tom Hanks为题写一篇短文。 字数要求：120字左右姓名：汤姆汉克斯身份：演员出生日期195679出生地美国加州童年时期5岁时父母离异，跟随父亲辗转各地学生时代高中开始表演戏剧，大学继续。大学毕业后投身演艺事业主要获奖电影1994获Oscar最佳男演员奖，影片“Philadelphia”1995获Oscar最佳男演员奖，影片Forrest Gump家庭状况1989第二次婚姻：妻子Rita Wilson, 现有四个儿子，家庭幸福 参考用词： 离婚：get divorced 加州：California题目分析记叙文，人物介绍，第三人称，一般过去时为主，按照时间顺序，叙述TOM HANKS的生平；主要内容已经给出，无需增加要点，可以将文章分为两大部分，大学毕业是分界线，之前写学生时代，之后写演艺成就。110-140词之间。句型思考姓名+身份Tom Hanks is an actor.生日He was born on July 9th, 1956.合并Tom Hanks is an actor, bon on出生地He grew up/ was brought up in California, the U.S.A.童年When he was five/ At the age of 5, her parents got divorced/ got a divorce. Then he stayed with his father and traveled to a lot of places.学生时代He began to play a role in dramas in high school and continued this hobby in the university.Since high school, he has acted in many dramas and he continued in the university.大学时代After graduation, he devoted himself to acting.Then, he officially began his career as an actor after graduation.事业、获奖In 1994, he was awarded the Oscar Best Actor, because of his excellence performance in the movie “Philadelphia”. Just one year later, he got the same title again, thanks to “Forrest Gump”. As he did a really outstanding job in the movie “Philadelphia”, he was conferred the Best Actor of Oscar in 1994. One year later, he got the same award with his movie “Forrest Gump”.家庭Now he has a happy family with four children and his wife Rita Wilson, whom he married in 1989.At present he is leading a happy life with his wife Rita Wilson, whom he married in 1989 and his four children.总结（需要补充）This is the popular, great actor Tom Hanks.范文赏析Tom Hanks, an American leading actor, was born on July 9th 1956 in California, USA. When he was five, his parents got divorced. In order to make a living, he had to spend much of his childhood moving about with his father. While still a student, he showed a great interest in acting and began to perform in his high school plays, and he continued acting while attending university. In 1994 and 1995, he was honored with his first and second Oscar as Best Actor for “Philadelphia” and “Forrest Gump” Now he has a happy family with his second wife Rita Wilson, whom he married in 1989. Nowadays, Tom Hanks has become one of the most popular stars throughout the world.思考练习 根据所提问题及限定的内容，写出一篇连贯完整的短文。短文必须包括括号中的全部信息。字数不少于80。 1. When did you start learning English?(five years old) 2. How well can you speak the language now?(freely) 3. Where did you go with a group of people last year?(America) 4. Were you the only one who could speak English well?(Yes) 5. What did you do to help others during the trip? Give at least two examples.参考答案 I started learning English when I was five years old and now I can speak the language freely. Last year I went to America with a group of people, in which I was the only one who could speak English well. During the trip I did a lot of things to help others. For example, I helped them order dishes in restaurants, buy gifts in shops and ask the way in the streets, so everyone in the group enjoyed the trip. Being a link between the group and the American people, I practiced the language and made many friends.第二课短文改错技巧“短文改错”是一种综合性测试手段，既考核同学们的语言知识（语法及词汇），又检查同学们的理解能力。因此，要提高该题应试能力，首先要从语法、词汇和阅读方面下功夫。其次，同学们还要了解“短文改错”试题特点，了解“改错”里的“错”有哪些种。1. 首先要细读全文，理解全文。读的时候可把确认的错误标出。 2. 其次从以下几个方面仔细推敲。 （1）动词查第三人称单数、时态、非谓语动词、语态、主复句时态是否一致。 （2）代词查前后是否一致、指示代词、it用法、人称代词、不定代词、关系 代词的用法是否有误。 （3）介词查介宾或动介搭配及容易误用的介词。 （4）形容词副词查词性有否混淆，形容词与副词的比较级、最高级的用法， 修饰比较级的副词等。 （5）名词查单复数，可数不可数，是否加冠词，the，a还是an，主谓一致 问题。 （6）连词查上下文之间的逻辑关系。有否误用。 ( 7) 上下文联系查肯定与否定。3. 重读全文，将已改错误进行更新。检查是否通顺，逻辑是否合理，词汇的用 法、句子结构是否恰当。大同一中20052006学年度第一学期高一英语期中试卷第II卷 主观卷 （共25分）V. 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） In a small town where there lived two brothers 61. _they were very lazy. Before the mother 62. _went out to an evening party, she told about her 63. _two sons give the house a good cleaning. But 64. _before the mother left the room, the elder brother said 65. _to his younger brother, “Tom, when Mother came 66. _back, you can say I have been ill and I can get 67. _out of bed. ” The younger brother agreed and said, 68. _“OK, so when Mother comes back, you must say 69. _I have gone to call in a doctor for me. 70. _V. 短文改错 61. 去掉where 62. theywhothat 63. 去掉about 64. give前加to 65. beforeafter 66. camecomes 67. 第二个can 后加not 68. 69. sobut 70. me you课堂练习河南省新乡市20052006学年高一上学期终结性评价测试英语试卷第二卷（共35分）第四部分：短文改错及书面表达（共两节，满分35分）第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 此题要求改正所给短文的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上划一个勾（），如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正： 该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉词。 该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。 该行错一个词：在错的词下面划一横线，在该行右边的横线上写出改正后的词。 注意：原行没有错的不要改。An evening Mr. and Mrs. Smith went to visit one 1. _of her friends. They told their dog Abby to take 2. _care of their baby. Abby understood its master. 3. _It entered into the room and sat down on the bed. 4. _The baby was very asleep. Their neighbor Mr. Brown 5. _was cooking something in the kitchen. Suddenly the oil 6. _caught fire. The woman was afraid and run out of 7. _the house. She didnt know there was a baby sleep 8. _in the next door. Abby smelt the smoke. It founded 9. _out the kitchen was on fire, so it at oncecaught hold the babys clothes with her teeth 10. _and carried it out.短文改错： 1. AnOne2. hertheir 3. mastermasters4. 去掉into 5. veryfast6. 7. runran8. sleepsleeping（asleep） 9. foundedfound10. hold后加of应用文之日记英文日记，是用来记叙一天中所发生的有意义的事情或对将来的打算等。日记可分为记事、议论、描写及抒情等。记事型是用英语记述当天自己生活、学习、工作中发生的事情。议论型是对生活中的某一事情或现象发表自己的看法，即行议论。描写型或抒情型，则是对某人物或者事物的特征做细致的描述，或针对某事物抒发自己的感情。格式：在左上角记上当天日期，星期，时间的排列法与书信一致；右上角写上当天的天气情况，表示天气情况的词通常是形容词，如：fine （晴朗的），cold （冷的），cool (凉爽的)、sunny（阳光充足的），rainy（下雨的），cloudy/ overcast（阴天的），snowy（下雪）等。时态：日记中所记述的事情通常发生在过去，常用一般过去时；但当记述天气、描写景色或展望未来时，可以用一般现在时或一般将来时。3顺序：日记切勿写成流水账，必须按照一定顺序来写。可以是时间顺序，可以是逻辑顺序，空间顺序等等；所以写作时要把握好各个要点的顺序安排。大同一中20052006学年度第一学期高一英语期中试卷VII. 书面表达：（10分） 请根据下面提示，用英语写一篇100词左右的日记。 2005年9月16日，星期日，晴。早上看完英语电视，给同学李平打电话相约下午看电影。看完电影去学校，碰见刘老师，他表扬我英语取得了进步，但语文，特别是作文已落后。他建议我每天写日记。晚上回家后，父亲建议我多读报刊。我觉得他们的建议都很好，决定采纳他们的建议。题目分析：要点多，就根据要点从表达形式上思考，努力创新；要点少，就要从内容、增加要点上思考，力求新意；English TVEnglish News on TVAfter I watch English News on TV in the morning, I made a telephone call to my classmate Li Ping, to ask him to see a movie together in the afternoon.-After watching English News on TV in the morning, I made a telephone call to my classmate Li Ping, asking him to see a movie together in the afternoon.When the movie was over, we returned to school. While having a rest in the schoolyard, I met Mr. Liu, who praised me for my great progress in English. However, he told me that Ive fallen behind in Chinese, especially in writing.Whats more, he suggested that I should keep diaries every day. -Then he gave me a suggestion that I keep diaries every day.In the evening, I went home and my father also advised me to read more newspapers and magazines.These are really a good ideas.What they said was quite right, and I should follow their advice.范文赏析SundaySeptember 16th, 2005fine After watching “English on Sunday” on TV in the morning, I phoned Li Ping, my classmate, telling him to go to see a film in the afternoon. When the film was over, we returned to our school to do lessons. While having a rest in the schoolyard, I met Mr. Liu, my head teacher. He told me that I had made some progress in English, but my Chinese had fallen behind, especially my Chinese composition. He suggested I should read more and keep on taking a diary every day. In the evening my father told me that reading newspapers would do me good for improving composition writing. That was really a good idea! What they said was quite right, and I should follow their advice.应用文之通知怎样写通知 通知一般用于上级对下级组织对成员布置工作传达事情及召集会议等。通知就其形式而言，可分为书面通知和口头通知两种形式对通知的考查侧重于对通知格式及通知正文时态的应用等方面。写好一份通知，需要掌握下面三点： 一、通知的形式 通知有多种分类。从形式上可分为书面通知(written notice)和口头通知(announcement)。书面通知用词正式，用大词较多，同时，用于书面化，可以使用一些长句；而口头通知以言简意赅为主要特点，用词表达较为口语化。 二、通知的结构 通知一般由标题、正文和结尾三部分组成。标题部分就是标题语；正文包括事情、通知对象、要求、时间、地点等；结尾部分主要包括落款和发通知的具体日期。英文通知的格式一般是将NOTICE(每个字母都大写)写在通知正文上面一行的正中间。发通知的日期一般写在通知正文的左下角。书面通知的格式如图所示： 三、通知的书写 1发出通知的单位和对象在一般情况下用第三人称，如要求同学们按时到会，不说“We must to”或“You should”，而应写成：All the students are requested to be there on time. Be expected/ supposed to do.2在语言上，口头通知的句型应该做到口语化，多用简单句和祈使句，语言上尽可能用精炼的文字表达明确的信息。通知中提及的事情都是计划要做的，时态多用将来时，语态多用被动式。 在句式上，常以“Boys and girls/Ladies and gentlemen”等作为称呼语。开头常用句式是“May I have your attention，please?Attention，pleaseIve got something important to say./Im very glad to tell you that./Please be quiet, everyone! I have something to say./I have some good news for you!，在通知结尾处常用句式“Please be there on time”并以“Thats all. Thank you”作为客套结束语。 3书面通知常以布告形式张贴或写在布告牌、黑板上，把事情通知到有关人员等。为醒目起见，标题的每个字母可以用大写(如NOTICE)。一开头需要交代说明何事(what)、何地(where)、何时(when)、何人(who)。 4在句式写法上必须注意以下几点：尽可能用精炼的文字表达明确的信息，多用简单句或短句、单句，以避免繁杂；通知往往着重对活动内容、对象进行说明，多用被动语态，如“The class meeting will be held”(班会将举行)等等；通知是要求下级成员该做什么或注意什么，多用祈使句；通知中所告的事情大部分是未进行的，故多用将来时态。 河南省新乡市20052006学年高一上学期终结性评价测试英语试卷第二节：书面表达（共25分） 请为你们学校英语广播站写一口头通知，（100词左右），要求如下： 1. 英语角定于星期六下午在教学楼前广场上举行，4点开始，大家可就学生的生活、学习自由交谈。 2. 汤姆，一位正在河师大就读的加拿大学生将参加，他答应谈谈加拿大学校教育情况。 3. 事实证明英语角对我们英语学习大有好处。 （通知首句已知）An Announcement Attention, please! 范文赏析An Announcement Attention, please! I have something important to tell you. The English Corner is to take place on Saturday afternoon in front of our teaching building. Itll start at 4 oclock. You can talk freely with one another about your life and studies at school. Youre encouraged to speak as much English as possible. Tom, a Canadian student studying at Henan Teachers University (Henan Normal University), will join us. He has promised to tell us something about school education in Canada. Im sure youll show interest in his talk. The English Corner has proved to be of great benefit to us in our English learning. Everyone will be welcome. Please come on time. Thats all. Thank you.It has been proved that the English corner will do good/ is good to our English studies.English is very important.English is of great importance.Effective, valuable, significant, useful, helpful, beneficial, 课后练习大同一中20052006学年度第一学期高一英语期中试卷VI. 单词拼写（共10题，每题0.5分，满分5分） 71. Steven Spielberg is one of the top d_ in the film industry and also has many fans in China. 72. After studying English, Steven Spielberg got a small job at a film s_. 73. Our teacher has advanced the d_ for handing in homework by one week. 74. It didnt take long before the wooden building was sw_ by the fire. 75. People travel to meet new friends, to try new kinds of food, to ex_ life in other parts of the world or simply to get away from cold weather. 76. If you speak more than one language, in what s_ do you use the languages? 77. There are more than 42 countries where the m_ of the people speak English. 78. With so many people c_ in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English. 79. Nigeria（尼日利亚）won in _ from Britain in 1960. 80. England is one of the Eu _ countries.VI. 单词拼写 71. directors72. studio73. deadline74. swallowed 75. experience7